CN109274410A - A kind of generalized spatial modulation system and its modulator approach based on day line options - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of generalized spatial modulation system and its modulator approach based on day line options, the present invention includes signal generator, generalized space modulator, signal receiver, generalized space demodulator.It selects several roots that there is the antenna of maximum channel capacity first, then sends modulation constellation symbol on this antenna, signal is after unlimited fading channel, and receiver is by the wireless signal received by handling, and signal detection is to recover transmission signal.The method proposes a kind of generalized spatial modulation system based on day line options, by selecting suitable transmitting antenna that the capacity and the availability of frequency spectrum of system can be improved.Limitation of the system to transmission antenna number can be eliminated using generalized space modulation technique, further improves message transmission rate, and be able to maintain lower complexity and lower energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a generalized spatial modulation system based on antenna selection and a modulation method thereof.
Background
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology increases data transmission rate by configuring multiple antennas at the system transceiving end to transmit multiple data streams. The MIMO technology improves the received signal-to-noise ratio and the channel capacity of the system by fully utilizing the multipath transmission characteristics of the channel. Therefore, MIMO becomes one of the key technologies of 4G. However, MIMO technology also has its inherent drawbacks. More antennas introduce inter-channel interference, improve the requirements of the system on the synchronization between the antennas, and also increase the complexity of signal processing and hardware implementation of a receiving end. In addition, multiple rf links also introduce higher power losses. Therefore, the next generation mobile communication system needs a transmission scheme with lower design complexity, more energy saving and environmental protection.
The space modulation only activates one sending antenna to send data each time, thus completely eliminating the interference between the antennas, and needing no synchronization between the antennas, reducing the complexity of the system and reducing the energy consumption of the system. However, the transmission speed of the spatial modulation technique is low, which results in low spectrum efficiency of the whole system. Meanwhile, only one antenna is activated at each time, which causes waste of antenna resources and radio frequency links. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) system based on antenna selection.
Disclosure of Invention
The first objective of the present invention is to provide a generalized spatial modulation system based on antenna selection, which can eliminate the limitation of the modulation system on the number of transmitting antennas by using the generalized spatial modulation technique, further increase the data transmission rate, and can keep the complexity and energy consumption low.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a generalized space based on antenna selection and a modulation method thereof, which can improve the capacity and the spectrum utilization rate of a modulation system by selecting a proper transmitting antenna.
The first object of the present invention is achieved by:
a generalized spatial modulation system based on antenna selection, comprising a signal generator, characterized by: the system also comprises a generalized space modulator, a signal receiver and a generalized space demodulator which are composed of a GSM modulator, wherein the output end of the signal generator is connected with the input end of the GSM modulator, the output end of the GSM modulator is connected with a plurality of transmitting antennas with the maximum channel capacity, a plurality of receiving antennas with the maximum channel capacity are connected with the input end of the signal receiver, and the output end of the signal receiver is connected with the input end of the generalized space demodulator.
When selecting the antennas, the channel capacity corresponding to each antenna is calculated first, then the channel capacity is arranged in an ascending order according to the mode that the channel capacity increases from small to large, and the additional antennas are selected.
The second object of the invention is achieved by:
a generalized spatial modulation method based on antenna selection is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. generalized spatial modulation: the signal generator generates a stream of original binary information bits, wherein: log (log)2M information bit streams are modulated into transmission signals by a GSM modulator, the transmission signals are modulated by a QAM modulation mode, then an antenna is selected, and the selected standard is to enable the channel capacity of the system to be maximum, namely: selecting a plurality of transmitting antennas with the maximum channel capacity, activating the selected transmitting antennas, and transmitting modulated QAM constellation symbols on the transmitting antennas in an M-QAM (M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation) mode;
B. generalized spatial demodulation: after passing through an infinite fading channel, the modulated QAM constellation symbol reaches a signal receiver, the signal receiver sends the received QAM constellation symbol to a generalized space demodulator for demodulation, and the generalized space demodulator demodulates an original binary information bit stream, so that the original binary information bit stream generated by a signal generator is obtained, and the whole information transmission process is completed.
When carrying out generalized spatial modulation, a plurality of antennas selected by the antenna selection algorithm described below transmit modulated QAM constellation symbols.
An antenna selection algorithm:
A. first, a first antenna is selected, which has the largest channel capacity:
representing an identity matrix, ExRepresenting the power of the transmitted signal, QN0Which is indicative of the power of the noise,representing a channel matrix;
B. after the first selected antenna is determined, the second antenna is selected, and similarly, the channel capacity is also maximized:
after M iterations, can obtain
C. Each time, an additional antenna is added, and is set as an antenna l, and the channel capacity is as follows:
in simplifying the above equation, the following conclusions are used:
det(A+uvH)＝(1+vHA-1u)det(A)
log2det(A+uvH)＝log2(1+vHA-1u)det(A)＝log2det(A)+log2(1+vHA-1u)
wherein,
the increased n +1 th antenna maximizes the channel capacity of the formula
D. Repeating the above process until all M antennas are selected, and repeating the iteration until n +1 equals Q, wherein in the selection process, the antenna selection process is repeated for all M antennasOnly one matrix inversion operation is required.
And calculating all possible antennas to realize the optimal selection of the M antennas. To achieve maximum system capacity, the antenna with the largest capacity is selected
Wherein A isQRepresenting a set of all possible antennas of Q antennas. Namely, it is
For one configuration of NTxRoot receiving antenna, NRxMIMO system with multiple transmitting antennas, wherein M antennas (M < N) are selected by using antenna selection algorithmTx) Then, a generalized spatial modulation system is formed.
Because of the secondary NTxQ of the transmitting antennas are selected, so that the matrix can be usedQ-column in (1) represents an effective channel. Let p beiSerial number of selected ith column, i being 1, 2, …And Q. Can use NRxThe corresponding effective channel is modeled by the XQ matrix and is recorded as
After the optimal M antennas are selected, the information stream is modulated through a generalized spatial modulator and a spatial constellation diagram and a signal constellation diagram, and the transmitted signals are as follows:
X＝[0，s1，0，s2，…sM，0]T(5)
x represents a transmission signal vector of the generalized spatial modulator, where the vector has M nonzero element values, and the positions of the nonzero elements in the transmission vector correspond to the positions of M antennas selected by the antennas, that is, antenna serial numbers. s1，s2，…，sMDenotes M non-zero elements of equal value, siRepresenting data symbols transmitted by the ith transmit antenna of the Mth antenna, siE.g., S represents all possible constellation points in the M-QAM modulation constellation.
Let x denote a space-time code or spatially multiplexed data stream mapped onto M antennas. After passing through the wireless fading channel, the signal reaches the signal receiver. The received signal y can be expressed as
In the formula,is the signal transmit power of the transmit antenna, X is the transmit signal vector,representing a channel gain matrix, wherein the channel is defaulted to a Rayleigh flat fading channel, and elements in the channel are complex Gaussian random variables with the mean value of 0 and the variance of 1 and subject to independent equal distributionQuantity, n, represents the gaussian distribution of each element of additive white gaussian noise subject to independent co-distribution subject to mean 0 and variance l.
The generalized spatial demodulation is carried out on the signal passing through the signal receiver, and comprises two parts: two parts, demodulation of the transmit antenna and demodulation of the modulated symbols.
1. Firstly, the demodulation of the transmitting antenna is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
suppose that if the influence of noise is not considered, a signal vector h is receivedjxqSum vector hjIn the same direction, let θjRepresenting a received signal vector y and a vector hjHilbert angle between:
let θ equal (θ)1，θ2，…，θN) Arranging the elements in the theta in the order from small to large;
L＝[j1，j2，…，jp，…，jM]＝arg sort(θ) (8)
j1denotes the minimum value of theta, jNRepresents the maximum value of theta, and p represents the minimum p thetajAnd determining the most possible M candidate antenna sequences by taking the corresponding antenna combination serial numbers as candidate activated antenna sets, so that the transmitting antennas can be demodulated.
2. After the transmit antennas are determined, the modulation symbols can be demodulated: having determined the most likely M candidate antenna sequences, the corresponding transmitted symbols can be estimated as:
wherein j is belonged to (1, p) and q is belonged to (1, M). Finally, the activated antenna serial number and the transmitted constellation symbol can be obtained through a maximum likelihood search algorithm:
thus, the implementation process of the whole generalized spatial modulation system is completed.
The generalized spatial modulation system can improve the capacity and the spectrum utilization rate of the system by selecting a proper transmitting antenna, can eliminate the limitation of the system on the number of the transmitting antennas by utilizing the generalized spatial modulation technology, further improves the data transmission rate, and can keep lower complexity and lower energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a generalized spatial modulation system based on antenna selection includes a signal generator, a generalized spatial modulator composed of a GSM modulator, a signal receiver, and a generalized spatial demodulator, where an output of the signal generator is connected to an input of the GSM modulator, an output of the GSM modulator is connected to a plurality of transmitting antennas with maximum channel capacity, a plurality of receiving antennas with maximum channel capacity are connected to an input of the signal receiver, and an output of the signal receiver is connected to an input of the generalized spatial demodulator.
A generalized spatial modulation method based on antenna selection specifically comprises the following steps:
A. generalized spatial modulation: the signal generator generates a stream of original binary information bits, log thereof2M information bit streams are modulated into transmitting signals by a GSM modulator, and the transmitting signals are modulated by adopting a QAM modulation mode. Then, the antenna selection is performed, and the selection criterion is to maximize the channel capacity of the system, namely: selecting a plurality of transmitting antennas with the maximum channel capacity, activating the selected transmitting antennas, and transmitting modulated QAM constellation symbols on the transmitting antennas in an M-QAM (M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation) mode;
B. generalized spatial demodulation: after passing through an infinite fading channel, the modulated QAM constellation symbol reaches a signal receiver, the signal receiver sends the received QAM constellation symbol to a generalized space demodulator for demodulation, and the generalized space demodulator demodulates an original binary information bit stream, so that the original binary information bit stream generated by a signal generator is obtained, and the whole information transmission process is completed.
When carrying out generalized spatial modulation, a plurality of antennas selected by the antenna selection algorithm described below transmit modulated QAM constellation symbols.
An antenna selection algorithm:
A. when selecting the antenna, the first antenna is selected:
the first antenna satisfying the formula (1) can be selected as the first antenna;
C. determining a second antenna that satisfies the condition:
the antenna satisfying the formula (2) may be used as the second antenna;
C. after the second antenna is determined, according to the same selection method, a third antenna may be determined, and then after M computations, M antennas may be finally obtained as M finally selected activated antennas, so that:
wherein A isQRepresenting a set of all possible antennas of Q antennas; namely, it is
D. After selecting the antenna with the largest channel capacity, the generalized spatial modulator modulates the information stream through a spatial constellation diagram and a signal constellation diagram, and the transmitted signal is as follows:
X＝[0，s1，0，s2，…sM，0]T(4)
x represents a transmitting signal vector of the generalized spatial modulator, wherein the transmitting signal vector comprises M non-zero element values, and the positions of the non-zero elements in the transmitting vector correspond to the positions of M antennas selected by the antennas, namely antenna serial numbers; s1，s2，…，sMDenotes M non-zero elements of equal value, siRepresenting data symbols transmitted by the ith transmit antenna of the Mth antenna, siE is S, and S represents all possible constellation points in the M-QAM modulation constellation diagram;
E. after passing through a wireless channel, the signal reaches a signal receiver, and the received signal is represented as:
in the formula,is the signal transmit power of the transmit antenna, X is the transmit signal vector,the channel gain matrix is represented, the channel is defaulted to a Rayleigh flat fading channel, elements in the channel are complex Gaussian random variables with the mean value of 0 and the variance of 1, the n represents that each element of additive white Gaussian noise with the mean value of 0 and the variance of l obeys the Gaussian distribution of the independent same distribution.
The generalized spatial demodulation is carried out on the signals passing through the signal receiver, and comprises two parts, namely demodulation of a transmitting antenna and modulation symbol demodulation.
1. Firstly, the demodulation of the transmitting antenna is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
suppose that if the influence of noise is not considered, a signal vector h is receivedjxqSum vector hjIn the same direction, let θjRepresenting a received signal vector y and a vector hjHilbert angle between:
let θ equal (θ)1，θ2，…，θN) Arranging the elements inside the theta in the order from small to large:
L＝[j1，j2，…，jp，…，jM]＝arg sort(θ) (7)
j1denotes the minimum value of theta, jNRepresents the maximum value of theta, and p represents the minimum p thetajAnd determining the most possible M candidate antenna sequences by taking the corresponding antenna combination serial numbers as candidate activated antenna sets, so that the transmitting antennas can be demodulated.
2. After the transmit antennas are determined, the modulation symbols can be demodulated: having determined the most likely M candidate antenna sequences, the corresponding transmitted symbols can be estimated as:
wherein j is belonged to (1, p) and q is belonged to (1, M). Finally, the activated antenna serial number and the transmitted constellation symbol can be obtained through a maximum likelihood search algorithm:
thus, the implementation process of the whole generalized spatial modulation system is completed.
Claims (6)
1. A generalized spatial modulation system based on antenna selection, comprising a signal generator, characterized by: the system also comprises a generalized space modulator, a signal receiver and a generalized space demodulator which are composed of a GSM modulator, wherein the output end of the signal generator is connected with the input end of the GSM modulator, the output end of the GSM modulator is connected with a plurality of transmitting antennas with the maximum channel capacity, a plurality of receiving antennas with the maximum channel capacity are connected with the input end of the signal receiver, and the output end of the signal receiver is connected with the input end of the generalized space demodulator.
2. A generalized spatial modulation method based on antenna selection is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. generalized spatial modulation: the signal generator generates a stream of original binary information bits, wherein: log (log)2M information bit streams are modulated into transmission signals by a GSM modulator, the transmission signals are modulated by a QAM modulation mode, then an antenna is selected, and the selected standard is to enable the channel capacity of the system to be maximum, namely: selecting a plurality of transmitting antennas with the maximum channel capacity, activating the selected transmitting antennas, and transmitting modulated QAM constellation symbols on the transmitting antennas in an M-QAM (M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation) mode;
B. generalized spatial demodulation: after passing through an infinite fading channel, the modulated QAM constellation symbol reaches a signal receiver, the signal receiver sends the received QAM constellation symbol to a generalized space demodulator for demodulation, and the generalized space demodulator demodulates an original binary information bit stream, so that the original binary information bit stream generated by a signal generator is obtained, and the whole information transmission process is completed.
3. The antenna selection based generalized spatial modulation method of claim 1, wherein: when generalized spatial modulation is carried out, a plurality of antennas selected by the following antenna selection algorithm transmit modulated QAM constellation symbols;
an antenna selection algorithm:
A. first, a first antenna is selected, which has the largest channel capacity:
representing an identity matrix, ExRepresenting the power of the transmitted signal, QN0Which is indicative of the power of the noise,representing a channel matrix;
B. after the first selected antenna is determined, the second antenna is selected, and similarly, the channel capacity is also maximized:
after M iterations, can obtain
C. Each time, an additional antenna is added, and is set as an antenna l, and the channel capacity is as follows:
in simplifying the above equation, the following conclusions are used:
det(A+uvH)＝(1+vHA-1u)det(A)
log2det(A+uvH)＝log2(1+vHA-1u)det(A)＝log2det(A)+log2(1+vHA-1u)
wherein,
the increased n +1 th antenna maximizes the channel capacity of the formula
D. By repeating the above process until all M antennas are selected, and repeating the iteration of the above equation until n +1 equals Q, in the selection process,only one matrix inversion operation is required.
And calculating all possible antennas to realize the optimal selection of the M antennas. To achieve maximum system capacity, the antenna with the largest capacity is selected
Wherein A isQRepresenting a set of all possible antennas of Q antennas. Namely, it is
4. The generalized spatial modulation system according to claim 1, wherein the antenna with the largest channel capacity is selected, and then the generalized spatial modulator modulates the information stream according to the spatial constellation and the signal constellation, and the transmitted signal is
X＝[0，s1，0，s2，…sM，0]T(6)
X represents a transmission signal vector of the generalized spatial modulator, where the vector has M non-zero element values, and the positions of the non-zero elements in the transmission vector correspond to the positions of the M antennas selected in claim 2, i.e., the antenna sequence numbers. s1，s2，…，sMDenotes M non-zero elements of equal value, siRepresenting data symbols transmitted by the ith transmit antenna of the Mth antenna, siE.g., S represents all possible constellation points in the M-QAM modulation constellation.
5. The generalized spatial modulation system according to claim 1 wherein the received signal at the signal receiver is represented as
In the formula,for the signal transmission power of the transmitting antenna, X is a transmission signal vector, H represents a channel gain matrix, and the channel defaults to a rayleigh flat fading channel, wherein the arrival elements are complex gaussian random variables with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1, and n represents gaussian distribution with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1 for each element of additive white gaussian noise with independent and same distribution. y denotes a received signal vector passing through the signal receiver.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the generalized spatial demodulation of the signal received by the signal receiver comprises two parts, a demodulation of the transmit antenna and a demodulation of the modulation symbols. The demodulation of the transmitting antenna is first performed as follows
a assumes that if the effect of noise is not considered, a signal vector h is receivedjxqSum vector hjHave the same orientation. Let thetajRepresenting a received signal vector y and a vector hjHilbert angle therebetween
Let θ equal (θ)1，θ2，…，θM) Arranging the elements in theta in order from small to large
L＝[j1，j2，…，jp，…，jM]＝argsort(θ) (9)
j1Denotes the minimum value of theta, jMRepresents the maximum value of theta, and p represents the minimum p thetajAnd using the corresponding antenna combination serial number as a candidate activated antenna set. The most likely M candidate antenna sequences are determined so that the transmit antennas can be demodulatedIt is used.
b after the transmit antennas are determined, the modulation symbols can be demodulated. Having determined the most likely M candidate antenna sequences, the corresponding transmitted symbols can be estimated as
Wherein j is belonged to (1, p) and q is belonged to (1, M). Finally, through the maximum likelihood search algorithm, the joint estimation of the activated antenna serial number and the transmitted constellation symbol can be obtained
Thus, the whole system design process is completed.
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| CN112418377B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2022-07-12 | 汉朔科技股份有限公司 | Electronic price tag and working method thereof |
| CN111106860A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-05-05 | 重庆邮电大学 | Low-complexity generalized spatial modulation spherical decoding detection method |
| CN112073091A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2020-12-11 | 华东交通大学 | Intelligent surface-assisted spatial modulation antenna selection method in high-speed rail scene |
| CN112073091B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-26 | 华东交通大学 | Intelligent surface-assisted spatial modulation antenna selection method in high-speed rail scene |
| CN114640561A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-17 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Communication signal transmission method and device |
| CN114640561B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-10-13 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Communication signal transmission method and equipment |
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