CN109274332A - A kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plate blocks automatic checkout system and method - Google Patents
A kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plate blocks automatic checkout system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109274332A CN109274332A CN201811264554.7A CN201811264554A CN109274332A CN 109274332 A CN109274332 A CN 109274332A CN 201811264554 A CN201811264554 A CN 201811264554A CN 109274332 A CN109274332 A CN 109274332A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plates to block automatic checkout system and method, including insertion control module, voltage measurement module Vsensor, voltage measurement module Vload, the program-controlled array that opens the light, N+1 block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M for producing electricl energyN+1) and load, N+1 block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M for power generationN+1) connected by concatenated mode, the Communications Control Interface of program controlled switch array is connected with the I/O of embedded type control module mouth, passes through the on-off of embedded type control module control switch.The program-controlled array that opens the light N-dimensional switch (1 ... N) respectively with N block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... MN) anode be connected.The present invention realizes the prediction of the piece number and shadow occlusion rate blocked to serial type photovoltaic battery plate by embedded control system to the voltage measurement of photovoltaic battery plate and matrix switch control, it realizes high discrimination, for a long time uninterrupted measurement, saves the cost of assessment photovoltaic battery plate circumstance of occlusion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic arts, and in particular to a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plate blocks automatic checkout system and method.
Background technique
In photovoltaic system, the cloud that photovoltaic battery plate is often sailed, the shadow of close to buildings, trees or long-term accumulation
Dust blocked.Photovoltaic battery plate will have a direct impact on the output power of photovoltaic power supply system after being blocked.Photovoltaic battery plate is blocked
The case where can be gone with irradiance meter measure and assess, since irradiance meter cost a large amount of in practical application in industry is excessively high,
Therefore it is difficult to be applied.Document [1] identifies blocking for photovoltaic battery plate by the suddenly change of output power, this method is difficult
It goes to identify fast-changing climatic condition.The electricity that document [2] passes through the string voltage and each piece of photovoltaic battery plate of measurement photovoltaic battery plate
Pressure value and its relationship is analyzed to differentiate circumstance of occlusion, such method is needed using a large amount of voltmeter, can not be by reality
Photovoltaic power generation unite application.
[1]H.Zheng,S.Li,R.Challoo,and J.Proano.Shading and bypass diode
impacts to energy extraction of pv arrays under different converter configu-
rations.Renewable Energy,68:58–66,2014.
[2]J.Ma,Tianjiao Zhang,Yu Shi,Xingshuo Li,and Huiqin Wen.Shading
pattern detection using electrical characteristics of photovoltaic
strings.In2016IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics,Drives and
En-ergy Systems(PEDES),pages 1–4,Dec 2016.。
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to: the invention proposes a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plates to block automatic checkout system, passes through insertion
Formula control system to the voltage measurement of photovoltaic battery plate and matrix switch control realize the piece number that serial type photovoltaic battery plate is blocked and
The prediction of shadow occlusion rate, system can not only realize high discrimination, and each optical crosstalk volt battery plate is only needed using 2 electricity
Pressure acquisition module and a switch matrix can complete the identification of shadow occlusion the piece number, and can carry out for a long time not between
Disconnected measurement, is greatly saved the cost of assessment photovoltaic battery plate circumstance of occlusion.
The technical scheme is that a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plate blocks automatic checkout system, including insertion control mould
Block, voltage measurement module Vsensor, voltage measurement module Vload, the program-controlled array that opens the light, the N+1 block photovoltaic electric for producing electricl energy
Plate (M1 ... MN+1) and load, N+1 block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M for power generationN+1) connected by concatenated mode, photovoltaic battery plate
The negative terminal and photovoltaic battery plate M of M1N+1Anode be connected respectively with load, voltage measurement module VloadMeasurement anode and it is negative
Pole respectively with the negative terminal of photovoltaic battery plate M1 and photovoltaic battery plate MN+1Anode be connected, voltage measurement module VloadOther end connect
Mouth is connected with insertion control module, voltage measurement module VsensorThe negative terminal of cathode and photovoltaic battery plate M1 be connected, it is positive with it is program-controlled
The switch input terminal of switch arrays is connected, voltage measurement module VsensorAnother end communication interface and embedded type control module phase
Even, program controlled switch array is single multithrow switch an of N-dimensional, and dimension N can be arranged by embedded type control module, program controlled switch
The Communications Control Interface of array is connected with the I/O of embedded type control module mouth, passes through the logical of embedded type control module control switch
It is disconnected.The program-controlled array that opens the light N-dimensional switch (1 ... N) respectively with N block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... MN) anode be connected.
In one embodiment, the embedded type control module includes
Voltage read module, for reading voltage measurement module VsensorWith voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value;
Analysis and processing module, to voltage measurement module VsensorWith voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value analysis processing after,
The switch of on-off program controlled switch array, and evaluate photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M that the string is workingN+1) in be not blocked
The piece number N of photovoltaic battery plateinsolatedAnd the shielding rate χ of photovoltaic battery plate tandem.
The present invention also provides a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plates to block automatic testing method, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
S1: embedded type control module initializes system parameter;
S2: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VsensorVoltage value Vsensor, read voltage measurement module
VloadVoltage value Vload, into S3;
S3: judge VsensorWith threshold voltage VTHRelationship, if VsensorGreater than VTH, the photovoltaic battery plate situation that is blocked comments
Estimate program and enters S5;If VsensorVoltage value be less than or equal to VTH, into S4;
S4: the relationship that program-controlled array switch is closed between the index code KeyIndex and N to open the light is judged, if KeyIndex
Less than N, the switch of program-controlled permutation switch disconnects current switch, and being closed next switch is that KeyIndex adds 1, into S2;If
KeyIndex is more than or equal to N, then only one piece of mono- piece of photovoltaic battery plate M+1 can be worked normally, i.e. NinsolatedEqual to 1, VstdDeng
In VloadSubtract Vsensor, into S2;
S5: judge VsensorWith reference voltage VstdBetween relationship, if VsensorMore than or equal to Vstdβ times, then it represents that shade
There is variation in circumstance of occlusion, and system needs to rejudge after initializing, into S1, if VsensorLess than Vstdβ times, it is determined that not
The photovoltaic electric plate number being blockedPhotovoltaic battery plate shielding rate
Into S2;
Wherein, Vstd: whether reference voltage, the circumstance of occlusion for comparing photovoltaic battery plate have variation;
β: coefficient value is used to indicate the sensitivity for the case where photovoltaic battery plate changes, and recommending value is 2;
VTH: threshold voltage, for comparing whether photovoltaic battery plate blocks;General value is 1~2V;
KeyIndex: program-controlled array switch is closed the index code to open the light, such as KeyIndex=1, then program controlled switch array
Switch 1 is closed, and rest switch is fully open;
Ninsolated: the piece number for the photovoltaic battery plate not being blocked;
Vload: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value;
Vsensor: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VsensorVoltage value;
χ: the shielding rate of photovoltaic battery plate tandem, range 0~100%.
In one embodiment, the step S1 specifically: the piece number N for the photovoltaic battery plate not being blockedinsolatedIt is 0, quilt
Shielding rate χ is 0, remaining switch of the closure of switch 1 of control journey array column switch is fully open, and being denoted as KeyIndex is 1, is read
Voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value Vload, setting variation reference voltage VstdEqual to VloadIf VloadGreater than VTHInto S2,
If VloadLess than VTH, then whole optical crosstalk volt battery plate is all blocked, NinsolatedEqual to 0, S1 is returned.
The invention has the advantages that the present invention utilizes few voltmeter, photovoltaic power generation can be fast and accurately assessed
Photovoltaic generating system event greatly reduces in the piece number and shielding rate that every a string of photovoltaic battery plate are blocked in system, this method
Hinder the cost of diagnosis, and allows photovoltaic generating system that can be quickly found maximum power point in time.And of the invention is program-controlled
Switch arrays are adaptable, and people can not only be allowed to enjoy generating high-quality electric power, can more protect border, energy saving, the present invention can be extensive
Applied to technical field of photovoltaic power generation.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
Fig. 1 is that tandem type photovoltaic battery plate of the embodiment of the present invention blocks automatic checkout system block diagram;
Fig. 2 is that tandem type photovoltaic battery plate of the embodiment of the present invention blocks automatic checkout system low temperatures battery plate and blocks experiment and shows
It is intended to;
Fig. 3 is that tandem type photovoltaic battery plate of the embodiment of the present invention blocks automatic testing method flow chart.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plate blocks automatic checkout system, including insertion control module, voltage are surveyed
Measure module Vsensor, voltage measurement module Vload, the program-controlled array that opens the light, the N+1 block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... for producing electricl energy
MN+1) and load, N+1 block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M for power generationN+1) connected by concatenated mode, photovoltaic battery plate M1's is negative
End and photovoltaic battery plate MN+1Anode be connected respectively with load, voltage measurement module VloadMeasurement anode and cathode difference
With the negative terminal and photovoltaic battery plate M of photovoltaic battery plate M1N+1Anode be connected, for measuring photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... MN+1) whole string voltage
(i.e. load voltage), voltage measurement module VloadOther end interface with insertion control module be connected, for load voltage
It reads and the measurement of voltmeter controls.Voltage measurement module VsensorThe negative terminal of cathode and photovoltaic battery plate M1 be connected, anode
It is connected with the switch input terminal of program controlled switch array, voltage measurement module VsensorIt shares with program controlled switch array junctions in measurement light
Lie prostrate battery plate (M1 ... MN+1) substring voltage.Voltage measurement module VsensorAnother end communication interface and embedded type control module phase
It is used in conjunction in photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... MN+1) substring voltage.Program controlled switch array is single multithrow switch an of N-dimensional, and dimension N can be with
It is arranged by embedded type control module.The Communications Control Interface of program controlled switch array is connected with the I/O of embedded type control module mouth,
Pass through the on-off of embedded type control module control switch.The program-controlled array that opens the light N-dimensional switch (1 ... N) respectively with N block photovoltaic battery plate
(M1…MN) anode be connected.The embedded type control module includes: voltage read module, for reading voltage measurement module
VsensorWith voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value;Analysis and processing module, to voltage measurement module VsensorWith voltage measurement mould
Block VloadVoltage value analysis processing after, according to processing strategie to the switch of journey on-off program controlled switch array, and evaluate this
Photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M that string is workingN+1) in the piece number N of photovoltaic battery plate that is not blockedinsolatedAnd photovoltaic battery plate string
The shielding rate χ of column.
The present invention also provides a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plates to block automatic testing method, includes the following steps:
S1: embedded type control module initializes system parameter: the piece number N for the photovoltaic battery plate not being blockedinsolatedIt is 0, quilt
Shielding rate χ is 0, remaining switch of the closure of switch 1 of control journey array column switch is fully open, and being denoted as KeyIndex is 1, is read
Voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value Vload, setting variation reference voltage VstdEqual to VloadIf VloadGreater than VTHInto S2,
If VloadLess than VTH, then whole optical crosstalk volt battery plate is all blocked, NinsolatedEqual to 0, S1 is returned;
S2: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VsensorVoltage value Vsensor, read voltage measurement module
VloadVoltage value Vload, into S3;
S3: judge VsensorWith threshold voltage VTHRelationship, if VsensorGreater than VTH, the photovoltaic battery plate situation that is blocked comments
Estimate program and enters S5;If VsensorVoltage value be less than or equal to VTH, into S4;
S4: the relationship that program-controlled array switch is closed between the index code KeyIndex and N to open the light is judged, if KeyIndex
Less than N, the switch of program-controlled permutation switch disconnects current switch, and being closed next switch is that KeyIndex adds 1, into S2;If
KeyIndex is more than or equal to N, then only one piece of mono- piece of photovoltaic battery plate M+1 can be worked normally, i.e. NinsolatedEqual to 1, VstdDeng
In VloadSubtract Vsensor, into S2;
S5: judge VsensorWith reference voltage VstdBetween relationship, if VsensorMore than or equal to Vstdβ times, then it represents that shade
There is variation in circumstance of occlusion, and system needs to rejudge after initializing, into S1, if VsensorLess than Vstdβ times, it is determined that not
The photovoltaic electric plate number being blockedPhotovoltaic battery plate shielding rate
Into S2;
Wherein, Vstd: whether reference voltage, the circumstance of occlusion for comparing photovoltaic battery plate have variation;
β: coefficient value is used to indicate the sensitivity for the case where photovoltaic battery plate changes, and recommending value is 2;
VTH: threshold voltage, for comparing whether photovoltaic battery plate blocks;General value is 1~2V;
KeyIndex: program-controlled array switch is closed the index code to open the light, such as KeyIndex=1, then program controlled switch array
Switch 1 is closed, and rest switch is fully open;
Ninsolated: the piece number for the photovoltaic battery plate not being blocked;
Vload: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value;
Vsensor: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VsensorVoltage value;
χ: the shielding rate of photovoltaic battery plate tandem, range 0~100%.
Above-described embodiment further specifically, using 4 10W photovoltaic battery plate (M1-M4), the basic parameter of photovoltaic battery plate
(Isc=1.23A, Voc=10.71V) four photovoltaic battery plates are connected in series, the electronic load model used
(ITECH IT8512A), the embedded controller model UDOO NEO FULL that uses are opened using relay design
Matrix is closed, the voltage acquisition module of use is connected by RS485 bus with embedded controller, it tests at 31.2745 ° of latitude,
The position that 120.7383 ° of longitude carries out, and the time is about dusk 16:20, and air themperature is 31 degrees Celsius, and normal photovoltaic battery plate is received
To solar irradiance be about 600W/m2, the solar irradiance that the photovoltaic battery plate after being blocked receives is about 55W/m2, Electronic Negative
It carries and is arranged at 5000 ohm.
(1) static photovoltaic battery plate blocks test, and to photovoltaic battery plate (M1-M4), the photovoltaic battery plate being blocked is indicated with " 1 ",
" 0 " indicates the photovoltaic battery plate not being blocked.If " 1000 " indicate that photovoltaic battery plate M1 is blocked, remaining M2-M4 is not blocked.It is real
Test that the results are shown in Table 1, the experimental results showed that system proposed by the present invention is capable of the photovoltaic battery plate that is not blocked of 100% identification
The piece number.
The experimental result of 1 static barriers photovoltaic battery plate of table
(2) low temperatures battery plate blocks test, as shown in Fig. 2, dynamically being remembered using solid big GDS-2202A oscillograph
Record voltage acquisition module VloadWith voltage acquisition module VsensorVoltage value.The photovoltaic electric plate number N not being blockedinsolatedIt is logical
It crosses calculating to obtain, indicates the closed position of system program controlled switch array with the placement of voltmeter in Fig. 2.Test result shows T1
Moment M1-M4 is not blocked, i.e. NinsolatedEqual to 4, T2 moment NinsolatedFeelings are blocked equal to 3, T3 moment photovoltaic battery plate
Condition changes, that is, blocks the piece number increase and be automatically detected system identification, and measure the photovoltaic electric not being blocked with the T4 moment
Plate number is 2, and the circumstance of occlusion of T5 moment photovoltaic battery plate changes again, that is, the piece number blocked is reduced, and is known by system
Not, and correctly having evaluated the photovoltaic battery plate not being blocked at the T6 moment is 3.Experiment shows that system of the invention can be fast
Speed correctly evaluates the piece number that each optical crosstalk volt battery plate is blocked.
The present invention can achieve the effect that:
(1) system opens the light array using program-controlled to control the connection relationship of voltage module, adapts to the measurement of voltage each
Kind situation, the photovoltaic battery plate for being satisfied with all kinds of photovoltaic systems block diagnosis.
(2) system can round-the-clock ground real-time monitoring and feedback, time of measuring is short, and precision is high.
(3) two voltmeters and a switch arrays are used, to measure the case where N number of serial type photovoltaic battery plate blocks, greatly
The earth saves the cost of commercial measurement, so that photovoltaic battery plate fault measuring cost is lower, it is more efficient.
It, can (such as cloud be sailed to fast-changing photovoltaic battery plate shadow occlusion situation using adaptive method
Situations such as), make in real time accurately judgement.
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art
It cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all to lead according to the present invention
The modification for wanting the Spirit Essence of technical solution to be done, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plate blocks automatic checkout system, which is characterized in that including being embedded in control module, voltage measurement
Module Vsensor, voltage measurement module Vload, the program-controlled array that opens the light, N+1 block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M for producing electricl energyN+1)
And load, N+1 block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M for power generationN+1) connected by concatenated mode, the negative terminal of photovoltaic battery plate M1 and
Photovoltaic battery plate MN+1Anode be connected respectively with load, voltage measurement module VloadMeasurement anode and cathode respectively with light
Lie prostrate the negative terminal and photovoltaic battery plate M of battery plate M1N+1Anode be connected, voltage measurement module VloadOther end interface and insertion control
Molding block is connected, voltage measurement module VsensorThe negative terminal of cathode and photovoltaic battery plate M1 be connected, anode and program controlled switch array
Switch input terminal is connected, voltage measurement module VsensorAnother end communication interface is connected with embedded type control module, program controlled switch
Array is single multithrow switch an of N-dimensional, and dimension N can be arranged by embedded type control module, the communication of program controlled switch array
Control interface is connected with the I/O of embedded type control module mouth, passes through the on-off of embedded type control module control switch.It is program-controlled to open the light
Array N-dimensional switch (1 ... N) respectively with N block photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... MN) anode be connected.
2. tandem type photovoltaic battery plate as described in claim 1 blocks automatic checkout system, which is characterized in that the embedded Control
Module includes
Voltage read module, for reading voltage measurement module VsensorWith voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value;
Analysis and processing module, to voltage measurement module VsensorWith voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value analysis processing after, on-off
The switch of program controlled switch array, and evaluate photovoltaic battery plate (M1 ... the M that the string is workingN+1) in the photovoltaic that is not blocked
The piece number N of battery plateinsolatedAnd the shielding rate χ of photovoltaic battery plate tandem.
3. a kind of tandem type photovoltaic battery plate blocks automatic testing method, which comprises the steps of:
S1: embedded type control module initializes system parameter;
S2: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VsensorVoltage value Vsensor, read voltage measurement module Vload's
Voltage value Vload, into S3;
S3: judge VsensorWith threshold voltage VTHRelationship, if VsensorGreater than VTH, photovoltaic battery plate is blocked situation appraisal procedure
Into S5;If VsensorVoltage value be less than or equal to VTH, into S4;
S4: the relationship that program-controlled array switch is closed between the index code KeyIndex and N to open the light is judged, if KeyIndex is less than
The switch of N, program-controlled permutation switch disconnect current switch, and being closed next switch is that KeyIndex adds 1, into S2;If
KeyIndex is more than or equal to N, then only one piece of mono- piece of photovoltaic battery plate M+1 can be worked normally, i.e. NinsolatedEqual to 1, VstdDeng
In VloadSubtract Vsensor, into S2;
S5: judge VsensorWith reference voltage VstdBetween relationship, if VsensorMore than or equal to Vstdβ times, then it represents that shadow occlusion
There is variation in situation, and system needs to rejudge after initializing, into S1, if VsensorLess than Vstdβ times, it is determined that not by
The photovoltaic electric plate number blockedPhotovoltaic battery plate shielding rate
Into S2;
Wherein, Vstd: whether reference voltage, the circumstance of occlusion for comparing photovoltaic battery plate have variation;
β: coefficient value is used to indicate the sensitivity for the case where photovoltaic battery plate changes, and recommending value is 2;
VTH: threshold voltage, for comparing whether photovoltaic battery plate blocks;General value is 1~2V;
KeyIndex: program-controlled array switch is closed the index code to open the light, such as KeyIndex=1, then the switch 1 of program controlled switch array
Closure, rest switch are fully open;
Ninsolated: the piece number for the photovoltaic battery plate not being blocked;
Vload: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value;
Vsensor: embedded type control module reads voltage measurement module VsensorVoltage value;
χ: the shielding rate of photovoltaic battery plate tandem, range 0~100%.
4. tandem type photovoltaic battery plate as claimed in claim 3 blocks automatic testing method, which is characterized in that the step S1 is specific
Are as follows: the piece number N for the photovoltaic battery plate not being blockedinsolatedIt is 0, the rate that is blocked χ is 0, and the switch 1 of control journey array column switch closes
It is fully open to close remaining switch, being denoted as KeyIndex is 1, reads voltage measurement module VloadVoltage value Vload, setting variation
Reference voltage VstdEqual to VloadIf VloadGreater than VTHInto S2, if VloadLess than VTH, then whole optical crosstalk lies prostrate battery plate whole quilt
It blocks, NinsolatedEqual to 0, S1 is returned.
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CN113348623A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-09-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic system |
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