CN109269855B - Preparation method of mechanical property sample of C fiber preform - Google Patents
Preparation method of mechanical property sample of C fiber preform Download PDFInfo
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- CN109269855B CN109269855B CN201811229437.7A CN201811229437A CN109269855B CN 109269855 B CN109269855 B CN 109269855B CN 201811229437 A CN201811229437 A CN 201811229437A CN 109269855 B CN109269855 B CN 109269855B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
Abstract
A method for preparing a mechanical property test sample of a C fiber preform comprises the steps of processing a C fiber preform test sample blank into a preform mechanical property test sample of a C fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material with the characteristic of rigidity by using a resin dipping and curing method, and performing cold processing on the obtained preform to respectively obtain a tensile test sample, a material characterization sample and an interlayer shearing test sample. Through the obtained samples, the mechanical property representations except for the compressive strength can be carried out, the technical indexes of the samples are the same as or similar to those of a C/C composite material, and the quality consistency detection of the mechanical property of the raw materials of the samples within 1-2 days is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a mechanical property sample, in particular to a method for preparing a mechanical property sample of a C/C composite material preform
Background
The reinforcement of the C/C composite material for the aircraft wheel brake disc is a C fiber woven prefabricated part, and the quality consistency of the reinforcement is mainly determined by the quality consistency of the C fiber, a weaving process, equipment stability and the like. Because the C fiber preform has a soft structure, the metal impurities or the large-size defects in the C fiber preform can be detected only by means of nondestructive testing technologies such as X-ray digital scanning imaging, and the related mechanical property detection such as needling density, tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength cannot be performed. The C/C composite material is prepared by taking a C fiber braided body as a prefabricated body through a chemical vapor deposition process, the process has the working period of more than 4 months, and the production cost is extremely high. Because no available detection method is available at the present stage for detecting the quality of the C fiber preform for the C/C composite material wheel brake disc, if unqualified preforms are used for subsequent production and processing, the quality of the product is inevitably greatly influenced and is difficult to detect and screen, the economic loss caused by the events is immeasurable, and the aviation accidents are seriously caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the quality detection of a C fiber preform for a C/C composite material wheel brake disc cannot be carried out in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a C fiber preform mechanical property sample.
The prepared C fiber preform mechanical property test sample comprises a tensile test sample, a material science characterization sample and an interlaminar shear test sample, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
and step 1, sampling. And taking the C fiber preform products of the same batch as raw materials, and randomly selecting 3-5C fiber preform products as samples to perform quality detection. The size of the sample is larger than the overall size of the blank, and each layer of non-woven cloth in the sample is paved in a 90-degree staggered mode, so that fibers of each layer of non-woven cloth are staggered in a 90-degree mode; a layer of net tire is laid between each layer of the non-woven cloth.
And 2, preparing a sample. And cutting the extracted sample to respectively prepare a tensile sample prefabricated part, a material characterization sample prefabricated part and an interlayer shearing sample prefabricated part.
The tensile specimen preforms were dumbbell-shaped, and the number was 5. In the production of the above-mentioned tensile sample preform, the long side of the tensile sample preform is made parallel to or perpendicular to the direction of the laid-open fabric fibers in the raw material used for producing the sample preform. The 5 tensile samples are respectively taken from the C fiber preform products of the same batch.
The material science characterization sample prefabricated part is square, and the quantity is 5. When the material characteristic sample prefabricated member is manufactured, the side surface of the material characteristic sample prefabricated member is cut, so that the surface of the obtained sample prefabricated member is perpendicular to the layer in the raw material for manufacturing the sample prefabricated member. The 5 tensile samples are respectively taken from the C fiber preform products of the same batch.
The interlaminar shear sample prefabricated member is strip-shaped, and the number of the interlaminar shear sample prefabricated members is 15. When the interlaminar shear sample preform is manufactured, an included angle of 30 degrees or 60 degrees or 90 degrees is formed between the long edge of the sample and the direction of the non-woven fabric in the raw material for manufacturing the sample preform, and 5 samples with three different included angles are manufactured. The 15 interlaminar shear sample preforms were respectively taken from 5C fiber preform products of the same batch.
And 3, resin impregnation. Respectively soaking the obtained tensile sample prefabricated member, the obtained material science representation sample prefabricated member and the obtained interlaminar shear sample prefabricated member into an impregnation tank containing phenolic resin ethanol solution for vacuum impregnation; the vacuum degree of the impregnation tank is 1 +/-0.05 KPa, the impregnation time is 3-5 hours, and a tensile sample prefabricated member, a material characterization sample prefabricated member and an interlayer shearing sample prefabricated member which are subjected to resin impregnation are respectively obtained.
In the phenolic resin ethanol solution for resin impregnation, the phenolic resin: the mass percent of ethanol is 30%: 70 percent;
and 4, air-drying the sample. After the impregnation is finished, the sample is placed in a ventilated and dried environment for air drying, and the air drying time is 3-5 hours;
and 5, crosslinking and curing, namely crosslinking and curing the resin-impregnated tensile sample prefabricated part, the material characterization sample prefabricated part and the interlayer shearing sample prefabricated part to obtain a tensile sample semi-finished product, a material characterization sample semi-finished product and an interlayer shearing sample semi-finished product.
The heat treatment temperature is 165 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2.5 hours;
and 6, performing finish machining on the sample to obtain a tensile sample, a material characterization sample and an interlaminar shear sample.
The upper and lower surfaces of the interlaminar shear specimens obtained after the finish machining were each provided with a notch having a width of 0.5 mm. The distance between the center line of each notch in the width direction and the symmetrical plane of the interlaminar shear test piece in the length direction is 3 mm. The depth of each notch reaches the symmetrical plane of the interlaminar shear test sample in the height direction.
According to the processing method of the mechanical property sample, the relation between the appearance of each sample prefabricated part and the middle-layer non-woven cloth or the laying layer of the raw material is fully considered in the preparation of each sample prefabricated part, so that the prepared tensile sample, the prepared material characterization sample and the prepared interlayer shearing sample meet the requirement of quality consistency detection on the prepared C/C composite material for the aircraft wheel brake disc at the first time, and the qualification rate of the C/C composite material wheel brake disc is ensured.
According to the invention, a phenolic resin ethanol solution is used as an impregnating solution, wherein the mass percent of phenolic resin powder is 30%, the mass percent of industrial ethanol is 70%, a C fiber preform sample blank to be detected is immersed in the solution, then cross-linking curing and cold processing are carried out, and the obtained sample can be subjected to material characterization and various mechanical property detection. Wherein, the material characterization can detect the needling density, the fiber distribution uniformity, the fiber diameter uniformity and the like of a sample by means of an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope; the mechanical properties include tensile strength, bending strength, interlaminar shear strength, and the like.
The invention provides a method for preparing a detection sample for detecting the quality consistency of a C fiber preform by taking reference to GB/T3354-2014 ' test method for tensile property of oriented fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite ', GB/T33501-2017 ' test method for tensile property of carbon/carbon composite material ', and GB/T1450.1-2005 ' test method for interlaminar shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic.
The C fiber preform is a flexible body with a complex structure, which is prepared by taking C fibers as raw materials through processes of weaving, needling and the like, the invention provides a method for applying resin impregnation and solidification to process a C fiber preform sample blank into a C fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material with rigidity characteristics, and cold processing is carried out on the blank obtained by impregnation by taking the sample size related requirements in national standards such as GB/T3354-2014 'test method for tensile property of oriented fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material', GB/T33501-2017 'test method for tensile property of carbon/carbon composite material', GB/T1450.1-2005 'test method for shear strength between fiber reinforced plastic layers', and the like, or other test standards, so that the quality consistency detection can be carried out on the blank within 1-2 days. The invention selects the phenolic resin ethanol solution as the impregnation liquid, the resin has the characteristics of low cost, uniform impregnation, simple curing process, short curing time, stable size, almost no damage to C fiber and the like, and the sample prepared by the process can be subjected to various mechanical property representations except compressive strength and has the same or similar technical indexes with the C/C composite material.
Drawings
The prefabricated body for preparing the C/C composite material airplane wheel brake disc is a C fiber woven body produced by applying a three-dimensional needling process, the prefabricated body is of a layered structure, each layer is formed by laminating and needling a net tire and a piece of non-woven fabric, and the layers are still physically combined by a laminating needling method.
Fig. 1 shows the shape and size of the dumbbell-shaped tensile test specimen.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample for material characterization.
Fig. 3 is a front view and a top view of an interlaminar shear specimen.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. non-woven cloth; 2. a net tire; 3. and (6) cutting.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a preparation method of a sample for detecting the mechanical property of a C fiber preform. The test samples comprise tensile test samples, material characterization test samples and interlaminar shear test samples. The invention will now be illustrated in detail by three examples of the preparation.
Example 1
The embodiment is a method for preparing a three-dimensional needled felt preform tensile sample, which comprises the following specific processes:
and step 1, sampling. The same batch of C fiber preform products are taken as raw materials, and 5 pieces of the C fiber preform products are randomly selected as samples to carry out quality detection. The size of the sample is larger than the outline size of the blank, and each layer of non-woven cloth 1 in the sample is paved in a 90-degree staggered mode, so that fibers of each layer of non-woven cloth are staggered in a 90-degree mode; a layer of net tyre 2 is laid between each layer of non-woven cloth.
And 2, preparing a sample. And cutting the extracted sample to prepare a tensile sample prefabricated member.
The tensile specimen preforms were dumbbell-shaped, and the number was 5. When the tensile sample prefabricated member is manufactured, the long side of the tensile sample prefabricated member is parallel or vertical to the direction of the non-woven fabric fiber in the raw material for manufacturing the tensile sample prefabricated member. The 5 pieces of tensile sample preforms are respectively taken from the C fiber preform products of the same batch. The external dimensions of the tensile specimen preform are 128mm by 20mm by 9 mm.
The surface of the resulting material characterization sample preform was made perpendicular to the layup in the raw materials used to make the sample preform.
And 3, resin impregnation. Immersing the obtained tensile sample prefabricated member into an impregnation tank containing phenolic resin ethanol solution for vacuum impregnation; the degree of vacuum of the impregnation tank was 1. + -. 0.05KPa, and the impregnation time was 4 hours, to obtain a resin-impregnated preform of a tensile sample.
In the phenolic resin ethanol solution, the phenolic resin: the mass percent of ethanol is 30%: 70 percent. The phenolic resin is a powder resin produced by Zhejiang sea salt Huaqiang resin company, and the resin is 5160 in model number.
And 4, air-drying the sample. Placing the dipped tensile sample prefabricated member in a ventilated and dry environment for air drying for 4 hours;
and 5, crosslinking and curing. Placing the air-dried tensile sample prefabricated member into a heat treatment furnace for aerobic crosslinking and curing; the heat treatment temperature is 165 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. And obtaining a semi-finished product of the tensile sample which is impregnated by the resin.
And 6, finishing. And (4) performing finish machining on the air-dried semi-finished product of the tensile sample according to a drawing by machining to obtain the tensile sample.
The external dimension of the tensile sample prefabricated member is 120mm multiplied by 12mm multiplied by 6 mm.
In the case of the example 2, the following examples are given,
the embodiment is a preparation method for a material characterization sample, and the specific process is as follows:
and step 1, sampling. The same batch of C fiber preform products are taken as raw materials, and 5 pieces of the C fiber preform products are randomly selected as samples to carry out quality detection. The size of the sample is larger than the overall size of the blank, and each layer of non-woven cloth in the sample is paved in a 90-degree staggered mode, so that fibers of each layer of non-woven cloth are staggered in a 90-degree mode; a layer of net tire is laid between each layer of the non-woven cloth.
And 2, preparing a sample. And cutting the extracted sample to prepare a material characterization sample prefabricated part.
The material science characterization sample prefabricated part is square, and the quantity is 5. When the material characteristic sample prefabricated part is manufactured, the side surface of the sample is cut, so that the surface of the obtained material characteristic sample prefabricated part is perpendicular to the layer in the raw material for manufacturing the sample prefabricated part. The 5 tensile samples are respectively taken from the C fiber preform products of the same batch. The physical characteristics of the sample preform are 20mm by 5mm in external dimensions.
And 3, resin impregnation. Soaking the obtained material science representation sample prefabricated part into an impregnation tank containing phenolic resin ethanol solution for vacuum impregnation; the vacuum degree of the impregnation tank is 1 +/-0.05 KPa, and the impregnation time is 3 hours, so that the material characterization sample prefabricated member subjected to resin impregnation is obtained.
In the phenolic resin ethanol solution for resin impregnation, the phenolic resin: the mass percent of ethanol is 30%: 70 percent. The phenolic resin is a powder resin produced by Zhejiang sea salt Huaqiang resin company, and the resin is 5160 in model number.
And 4, air-drying the sample. Placing the material science characterization sample prefabricated member subjected to resin impregnation in a ventilated and dry environment for air drying for 3 hours;
and 5, crosslinking and curing. Placing the air-dried material characterization sample prefabricated part into a heat treatment furnace for aerobic crosslinking and curing; the heat treatment temperature is 165 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours; and obtaining a semi-finished product of a material characterization sample.
And 6, finishing. And (5) performing finish machining on the air-dried semi-finished product of the material characterization sample according to a drawing to obtain a material characterization sample.
The physical dimensions of the material characterization sample were 15mm × 15mm × 3 mm.
In the case of the example 3, the following examples are given,
this example is a method of preparing an interlaminar shear sample.
Sample preparation procedure
And step 1, sampling. And taking the C fiber preform products of the same batch as raw materials, and randomly selecting 3-5C fiber preform products as samples to perform quality detection. The size of the sample is larger than the overall size of the blank, and each layer of non-woven cloth in the sample is paved in a 90-degree staggered mode, so that fibers of each layer of non-woven cloth are staggered in a 90-degree mode; a layer of net tire is laid between each layer of the non-woven cloth.
And 2, preparing a sample. And cutting the extracted sample to prepare an interlaminar shear sample prefabricated part.
The interlaminar shear sample prefabricated member is strip-shaped, and the number of the interlaminar shear sample prefabricated members is 15. When the interlaminar shear sample prefabricated member is manufactured, an included angle of 30 degrees or 60 degrees or 90 degrees is formed between the long edge of the interlaminar shear sample prefabricated member and the direction of the non-woven fabric fibers in the raw materials for manufacturing the sample prefabricated member, and 5 interlaminar shear sample prefabricated members with three different included angles are manufactured. The external dimension of the interlaminar shear sample preform is 38mm by 23mm by 6 mm.
And 3, resin impregnation. Dipping the obtained shearing sample prefabricated part into a dipping tank containing phenolic resin ethanol solution for vacuum dipping; the vacuum degree of the impregnation tank is 1 +/-0.05 KPa, and the impregnation time is 3 hours, so that the shearing sample prefabricated member impregnated by the resin is obtained.
In the phenolic resin ethanol solution for resin impregnation, the phenolic resin: the mass percent of ethanol is 30%: 70 percent. The phenolic resin is a powder resin produced by Zhejiang sea salt Huaqiang resin company, and the resin is 5160 in model number.
And 4, air-drying the sample. Placing the cut sample prefabricated member soaked by the resin in a ventilated and dry environment for air drying, wherein the air drying time is 5 hours;
and 5, crosslinking and curing. Placing the air-dried shearing sample prefabricated member into a heat treatment furnace for aerobic crosslinking and curing; the heat treatment temperature is 165 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours; and obtaining a semi-finished product of the shear sample.
And 6, finishing. And performing finish machining on the air-dried semi-finished shear sample according to a drawing to obtain a shear sample.
The upper and lower surfaces of the interlaminar shear specimen each had a notch 3 having a width of 0.5 mm. The distance between the center line of each notch in the width direction and the symmetrical plane of the interlaminar shear test piece in the length direction is 3 mm. The depth of each notch reaches the symmetrical plane of the interlaminar shear test sample in the height direction.
The external dimensions of the interlaminar shear specimen were 30mm by 15mm by 3.5 mm.
The preparation process of the three specific embodiments provided by the invention is the same. The preparation parameters of each example are as follows:
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method of a C fiber preform mechanical property test sample comprises the steps of preparing a C fiber preform mechanical property test sample, wherein the C fiber preform mechanical property test sample comprises a tensile test sample, a material science representation sample and an interlayer shearing test sample; the method is characterized by comprising the following specific processes:
step 1, sampling: taking C fiber preform products in the same batch as raw materials, and randomly selecting 3-5C fiber preform products as samples to perform quality detection; the size of the sample is larger than the overall size of the blank, and each layer of non-woven cloth in the sample is paved in a 90-degree staggered mode, so that fibers of each layer of non-woven cloth are staggered in a 90-degree mode; a layer of net tire is laid between each layer of the non-woven cloth;
step 2, sample preparation: cutting the extracted sample to respectively prepare a tensile sample prefabricated part, a material characterization sample prefabricated part and an interlayer shearing sample prefabricated part;
the tensile sample prefabricated parts are dumbbell-shaped, and the number of the tensile sample prefabricated parts is 5; when the tensile sample prefabricated member is manufactured, the long edge of the tensile sample prefabricated member is parallel or vertical to the direction of the non-woven fabric fiber in the raw material for manufacturing the tensile sample prefabricated member; the 5 tensile samples are respectively taken from all the C fiber preform products in the same batch; the interlaminar shear samples are strip-shaped, and the number of the interlaminar shear samples is 15; when the interlaminar shear sample prefabricated member is manufactured, an included angle of 30 degrees or 60 degrees or 90 degrees is formed between the long edge of the sample and the direction of the non-woven fabric fiber in the raw material for manufacturing the sample prefabricated member, and 5 samples with three different included angles are respectively manufactured; the 15 tensile samples are respectively taken from 5C fiber preform products in the same batch;
the material characterization samples are square, and the number of the samples is 5; when a material characterization sample prefabricated part is manufactured, cutting the side surface of the material characterization sample prefabricated part to enable the surface of the obtained sample prefabricated part to be perpendicular to a layer in a raw material for manufacturing the sample prefabricated part; the 5 tensile samples are respectively taken from all the C fiber preform products in the same batch;
and 3, resin impregnation: respectively soaking the obtained tensile sample prefabricated member, the obtained material science representation sample prefabricated member and the obtained interlaminar shear sample prefabricated member into an impregnation tank containing phenolic resin ethanol solution for vacuum impregnation; the vacuum degree of the impregnation tank is 1 +/-0.05 KPa, the impregnation time is 3-5 hours, and a tensile sample prefabricated part, a material characterization sample prefabricated part and an interlayer shearing sample prefabricated part which are subjected to resin impregnation are respectively obtained;
step 4, air-drying the sample: air-drying the resin-impregnated tensile sample prefabricated member, the material characterization sample prefabricated member and the interlayer shearing sample prefabricated member;
step 5, crosslinking and curing; performing crosslinking curing on the tensile sample prefabricated part, the material characteristic sample prefabricated part and the interlayer shearing sample prefabricated part which are subjected to resin impregnation to obtain a tensile sample semi-finished product, a material characteristic sample semi-finished product and an interlayer shearing sample semi-finished product;
and 6, performing finish machining to obtain a tensile sample, a material characterization sample and an interlaminar shear sample.
2. The method for preparing the mechanical property sample of the C fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of phenolic resin: the mass percent of ethanol is 30%: 70 percent.
3. The method for preparing the mechanical property sample of the C fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein the air drying time is 3-5 hours.
4. The method for preparing the mechanical property test sample of the C fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air-dried sample is placed in a heat treatment furnace for aerobic crosslinking and curing, and the heat treatment temperature is as follows: 165 +/-5 ℃, heat preservation time: 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
5. The method for preparing a mechanical property test sample of a C fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the interlaminar shear test sample after finishing are respectively provided with a notch with the width of 0.5 mm; the distance between the center line of each notch in the width direction and the symmetrical plane of the interlaminar shear sample in the length direction is 3 mm; the depth of each notch reaches the symmetrical plane of the interlaminar shear test sample in the height direction.
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