CN109266351B - 一种Ag离子掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法及其产品和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法及其产品和在Hg2+检测中的应用。制备方法包括:(1)将金属Cd的可溶性盐、金属Ag的可溶性盐与稳定剂混合溶于去离子水中,并调节pH值为4.5~6,得到混合溶液;(2)保护气氛下,将新制的碲氢化钠溶液与步骤(1)制备的混合溶液混合均匀,冷凝回流反应后,经后处理得到CdTe:Ag+粉末;(3)经配体交换法制备Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点。本发明公开的制备方法,工艺简单可控,制备得到的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点在光致发光谱中形成了新的掺杂峰,使得该量子点荧光探针在汞离子的检测时,荧光强度与汞离子浓度具有两个线性相关区,提高量子点荧光探针的汞离子检测范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及量子点的制备领域,尤其涉及一种Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法及其产品和应用。
背景技术
汞是具有持久性、生物积累性和生物扩大性的有毒污染物。对人体健康和生态环境具有很大的负面影响,迫切需要建立汞离子的检测体系,以有效治理汞污染,减少或避免其危害。
传统汞离子的检测方法主要有原子荧光光谱分析法、质谱法、电感耦合等离子体法、原子发射光谱法、分光光度测定法、循环伏安法等。这些方法灵敏度高、精确度好,但是操作繁琐、复杂、耗时长,所需的仪器昂贵,不利于推广使用。
原子荧光光谱分析法以灵敏度高、选择性好的特点被广泛应用,但传统的荧光法多采用有机荧光染料为荧光试剂,存在荧光强度低、光稳定性差的缺点,其灵敏度和检测范围受到一定程度的限制。
量子点作为新型的纳米材料,具有化学稳定性和抗光漂白性强,量子产率高,激发谱带宽,发射光谱窄的优势,而且制备方法简便、成本低廉,因此可作为荧光探针应用于分析检测领域。尤其在痕量金属离子的分析检测中,由于不同金属离子会猝灭或增强量子点荧光,因此可用于简便快速的检测金属离子。
量子点荧光探针在应用于Hg2+的检测时利用的是荧光淬灭的原理。所谓荧光淬灭是指荧光物质分子与溶剂分子之间所发生的与荧光强度变化相关的激发峰位变化或荧光峰位变化的物理或化学作用过程。当Hg2+在一定浓度范围时,量子点的荧光淬灭程度与Hg2+浓度之间存在良好的线性关系,从而达到检测Hg2+浓度的目的。
目前,用于Hg2+检测的量子点体系主要包括Cd基量子点,如CdSe、CdTe或CdS;为提高量子光率和光化学稳定性,具有核壳结构的CdSe/ZnS、CdTe/CdS、CdTe/ZnS量子点也被用于Hg2+的检测,但由于核壳结构的量子点的制备工艺复杂、耗时长,制备难度大,并未有实际应用的报道。
因此,目前实际应用于Hg2+检测的量子点仍存在测试灵敏度低,荧光强度与汞离子浓度线性相关区域范围小等问题,进而导致量子点荧光探针对汞离子的浓度检测范围偏小。
本领域迫切需要一种技术方案,可以提高量子点荧光探针的汞离子浓度检测范围。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法,工艺简单可控,制备得到的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点在光致发光谱中形成了新的掺杂峰,使得该量子点荧光探针在汞离子的检测时,荧光强度与汞离子浓度具有两个线性相关区,可以提高量子点荧光探针的汞离子检测范围。
具体技术方案如下:
一种Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法,包括:
(1)将金属Cd的可溶性盐、金属Ag的可溶性盐与稳定剂混合溶于去离子水中,并调节pH值为4.5~6,得到混合溶液;
(2)保护气氛下,将新制的碲氢化钠溶液与步骤(1)制备的混合溶液混合均匀,冷凝回流反应后,经后处理得到CdTe:Ag+粉末;
(3)经配体交换法制备所述Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点。
本发明针对CdTe量子点荧光探针浓度检测范围小的问题,通过在前驱体溶液中掺杂特定含量的银离子,并通过掺杂过程中pH值的控制来调控银离子的释放速度,使得制备的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点实现了本征峰与新的掺杂峰的分离,从而使得该Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点荧光探针在汞离子的检测时,荧光强度与汞离子浓度具有两个线性相关区,可以提高量子点荧光探针的汞离子检测范围。
经试验发现,掺杂过程中pH值的控制至关重要,若超出4.5~6的范围,如pH值为接近中性(7.5)或pH值为碱性(9),将无法实现Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点中本征峰与新的掺杂峰的分离。
步骤(1)中:
优选地,
所述金属Cd的可溶性盐选自Cd(NO3)2、CdSO4中的至少一种;
所述金属Ag的可溶性盐选自AgNO3、Ag2SO4中的至少一种;
所述稳定剂选自巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸中的至少一种。
进一步所述,所述金属Cd的可溶性盐、金属Ag的可溶性盐与稳定剂的摩尔比为19:1:35~40。在该比例下,通过pH的调控,易使得量子点荧光峰出现分离。银离子含量过低,掺杂位点以间隙位为主,不易出现荧光峰的分离,而银离子含量过高,易使得部分稳定剂分子脱落,使得量子点团聚沉淀,不利于量子点的有效制备。
pH值的调节可通过加入碱性物质实现,所述碱性物质可以是氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,优选加入1M的氢氧化钠水溶液。碱性物质要缓慢加入,且加入过程伴随有搅拌。
步骤(2)中,所述新制的碲氢化钠溶液的具体制备工艺为:
以硼氢化钠、碲粉为原料,以去离子水为溶剂,在保护气氛下,30℃反应2~3h,形成透明的碲氢化钠溶液。
优选地,所述新制的碲氢化钠溶液中的碲氢化钠与混合溶液中可溶性盐的摩尔比为1:1。此处的可溶性盐包括金属Cd的可溶性盐与金属Ag的可溶性盐的总和。
所述保护气氛选自氮气、氩气等。
优选地,所述混合溶液先经预热后再与新制的碲氢化钠溶液快速混合。
所述后处理包括萃取、分离。
步骤(3)中,所述配体交换法具体为:
将所述CdTe:Ag+粉末与配体交换剂混合后溶于去离子水中,搅拌反应后得到Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点;
所述配体交换剂选自L-半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸中的至少一种;
所述CdTe:Ag+粉末与配体交换剂的摩尔比为1:1~5。
通过配体交换法,将巯基乙酸或巯基丙酸配体替换为对Hg2+的选择性更佳的配体,如L-半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸等,以便于将该Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点用于Hg2+的检测。
通过上述制备工艺成功制备了Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点,观察其荧光光谱图可知,该Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的光致发光峰由本征峰与掺杂峰杂合形成;经进一步测试可知,该Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的掺杂类型为P型。
本发明还公开了所述Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点在Hg2+检测中的应用。由于采用上述特定工艺,实现了Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点中本征峰与新的掺杂峰的分离,从而使得该Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点荧光探针在汞离子的检测时,荧光强度与汞离子浓度具有两个线性相关区。经测试,该Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点可用于检测的Hg2+的浓度范围有两个,分别为(0,200nM]和[1000,10000nM]。因此,提高了CdTe量子点荧光探针的汞离子检测范围。
与现有技术相比较,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明通过在制备CdTe量子点的前驱体溶液中掺杂一定含量的银离子,在银离子的掺杂含量不变的情况下,通过调节前驱体溶液的pH值,从而调控银离子的释放速度,使得最终制备的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点实现了本征峰与新的掺杂峰的分离。
以该特定工艺制备的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点用于Hg2+检测,该量子点的荧光强度与汞离子浓度具有两个线性相关区,可用于检测的Hg2+的浓度范围分别为(0,200nM]和[1000,10000nM],提高汞离子检测范围。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的CdTe:Ag+粉末的TEM图(a)与HRTEM图(b);
图2为实施例1制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点在TiO2衬底上的电容电势曲线(a)与相应的TiO2衬底的电容电势曲线(b);
图3为实施例1制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针的荧光强度随汞离子浓度的变化规律(a~d);
图4为实施例1(曲线a)、实施例2(曲线b)和对比例1(曲线c)、对比例2(曲线d)中分别制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针的荧光光谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)水相法制备CdTe:Ag+粉末:
以硼氢化钠、碲粉为原料,以去离子水为溶剂,在氮气气氛中,30℃反应2-3h,形成透明碲氢化钠溶液。以Cd(NO3)2、AgNO3为原料,巯基丙酸为稳定剂,按摩尔比Cd(NO3)2:AgNO3:巯基丙酸=19:1:40混合溶于去离子水中,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加1M氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH=6,将溶液转移至250ml三口圆底烧瓶中,在氮气气氛中,80℃搅拌30min。将新制碲氢化钠溶液快速注入到三口圆底烧瓶中,在氮气气氛下,100℃冷凝回流反应24h。在反应得到的澄清透明溶液中,加入同体积的丙酮,离心得到CdTe:Ag+粉末样品。
(2)采用配体交换法制备CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针:
以CdTe:Ag+粉末为原料,L-半胱氨酸为配体交换剂,按摩尔比CdTe:Ag+粉末:L-半胱氨酸=1:4混合溶于去离子水中,搅拌反应24h。
图1为本实施例步骤(1)制备的CdTe:Ag+粉末的TEM图和HRTEM图,观察后可以发现,CdTe:Ag+粉末的粒径为3.0nm左右,其中0.23nm与0.37nm的晶面间距分别对应于(220)晶面和(111)晶面。
图2为本实施例制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点在TiO2衬底上的电容电势曲线(a)与相应的TiO2衬底的电容电势曲线(b)。
TiO2的平带电位为-0.50V,沉积CdTe:Ag+量子点后,其平带电位变为-0.23V,证明了本实施例制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点的掺杂类型为P型。
图3为本实施例制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针的荧光强度随汞离子浓度的变化规律。其中(a)图和(b)图分别为低浓度汞离子环境下和高浓度汞离子环境下量子点荧光探针的稳态荧光光谱;(c)图和(d)图分别为低浓度汞离子环境下和高浓度汞离子环境下量子点荧光探针荧光强度随汞离子浓度变化的线性拟合曲线。
可以看到,本实施例制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点的光致发光峰由本征峰与掺杂峰杂合形成,随着汞离子浓度的增加(0~200nM],CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针本征峰的荧光强度不断下降,而掺杂峰的荧光强度基本保持不变。且在汞离子浓度达到1000nM以上时,Ag+量子点荧光探针本征峰的荧光基本淬灭,而随着汞离子浓度的进一步提高[1000nM~100000nM],Ag+量子点荧光探针掺杂峰的荧光强度随之下降。Ag+量子点荧光探针的荧光强度与汞离子浓度具有两个线性相关区,分别为0~200nM与1000~10000nM,本实施例制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针具有较宽的汞离子浓度检测范围。
实施例2
制备工艺与实施例1中相同,区别仅在于步骤(1)中,滴加1M氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH=4.5。
对比例1~2
制备工艺与实施例1中相同,区别仅在于步骤(1)中,滴加1M氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH值分别为7.5和9。
图4为实施例1~2和对比例1~2,在不同pH值下分别制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针的荧光光谱。观察后可以发现,只有pH值在4.5~6的条件下制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针的荧光峰出现了一定的分离,而在pH值分别为7.5和9时,制备的CdTe:Ag+量子点荧光探针的荧光峰并未出现分离现象。分析其原因可能是,pH值在4.5~6.0时,Ag+的释放速度较快,更容易替换Cd原子的位置,以P型掺杂为主,有利于荧光峰的分离。而在该范围之外时,Ag+的释放速度较慢,更容易形成间隙式掺杂,以N型掺杂为主,不利于荧光峰的分离。
Claims (8)
1.一种Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)将金属Cd的可溶性盐、金属Ag的可溶性盐与稳定剂按摩尔比19:1:35~40混合溶于去离子水中,并调节pH值为4.5~6,得到混合溶液;
(2)保护气氛下,将新制的碲氢化钠溶液与步骤(1)制备的混合溶液混合均匀,冷凝回流反应后,经后处理得到CdTe:Ag+粉末;
(3)经配体交换法制备所述Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中:
所述金属Cd的可溶性盐选自Cd(NO3)2、CdSO4中的至少一种;
所述金属Ag的可溶性盐选自AgNO3、Ag2SO4中的至少一种;
所述稳定剂选自巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述新制的碲氢化钠溶液的具体制备工艺为:
以硼氢化钠、碲粉为原料,以去离子水为溶剂,在保护气氛下,30℃反应2~3h,形成透明的碲氢化钠溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述新制的碲氢化钠溶液中的碲氢化钠与混合溶液中可溶性盐的摩尔比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述配体交换法具体为:
将所述CdTe:Ag+粉末与配体交换剂混合后溶于去离子水中,搅拌反应后得到Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点;
所述配体交换剂选自L-半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸中的至少一种;
所述CdTe:Ag+粉末与配体交换剂的摩尔比为1:1~5。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法制备的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点。
7.一种根据权利要求6所述的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点在Hg2+检测中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的Ag+掺杂CdTe量子点在Hg2+检测中的应用,其特征在于,Hg2+的浓度检测范围为(0,200nM]和[1000,10000nM]。
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