CN109265127A - A kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material Download PDF

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CN109265127A
CN109265127A CN201811373205.9A CN201811373205A CN109265127A CN 109265127 A CN109265127 A CN 109265127A CN 201811373205 A CN201811373205 A CN 201811373205A CN 109265127 A CN109265127 A CN 109265127A
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water
mgo
surface layer
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CN109265127B (en
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马国伟
刘雄飞
王里
张宇晓
赵亚楠
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/34Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5076Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with masses bonded by inorganic cements
    • C04B41/5092Phosphate cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/65Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/67Phosphates
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B2001/925Protection against harmful electro-magnetic or radio-active radiations, e.g. X-rays

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is a kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material, and this method utilizes phosphate cement, Orlon and nanometer Fe3O4With SiO2Manufactured wave absorbing agent prepares the integrated functional phosphate cement MPC of suction wave-reinforcing, and pass through intelligent, flexibility and precision 3D printing technique, bilayer MPC is printed in concrete surface layer, reaches the double effects promoted to the protection of concrete structure quick electromagnetic and fracture toughness.The technique process is easy, easy to operate, and the electromagnetic protection effect and fracture toughness of concrete structure significantly improve, and stability is good, possess preferable application prospect.

Description

A kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material
Technical field
The invention belongs to New Building Materials technical fields.More particularly to a kind of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility electromagnetic protection material The preparation method of material.
Background technique
More about the technology of concrete structure electromagnetic protection and research at present, electromagnetic protection coating is because its is at low cost, work Skill simplicity, strong applicability, without special installation the advantages that most widely applied, building structure surface layer smear a coating It can reach electromagnetic protection effect.3D printing technique because its without modelling, intelligence, flexibility and it is rapid the features such as obtain extensively Application.3D printing technique and electromagnetic protection technology are combined, electromagnetic pollution environment can be effectively purified, establishes green The electromagnetism ecological balance.
However, traditional microwave defense material, comprising: electromagnetic-wave absorbent and electromagnetic shielding material (such as epoxy base class Electromagnetic protection coating) and construction technology: including artificial construction and and spraying process, wanted although certain electromagnetic protection can be reached It asks, but from the aspect of technique and durability, there is also some problems, specific as follows:
1) microwave defense material stability is poor: common electromagnetic shielding material is mostly that painting type epoxy base class electromagnetic protection applies Material, be the surface layer that microwave defense material is applied to building structure so that electromagnetic wave reach reflection on protective coating surface can not Inside configuration is entered, to achieve the effect that electromagnetic protection.But it is vulnerable to environment temperature, the variation of humidity and usage mode The problems such as difference causes service life low, easy to fall off, easy to crack, environment friendly is poor seriously reduces its electromagnetic protection performance. And the research for common electromagnetic-wave absorbent, it focuses mostly in ordinary portland cement base class microwave defense material, bonding Property is poor, can not be bonded the surface layer of existing structure, be unable to reach the effect of Rapid-Repair electromagnetic protection.
2) electromagnetic protection effect is poor: traditional construction technique is manually to stir and smear microwave defense material, not can guarantee institute Be made of and the uniformity of application process material, thus not can guarantee electromagnetic protection layer thickness and property uniform in material, be easy to make It fails at local electromagnetic protection.And traditional artificial smearing and spraying process manufacture electromagnetic protection structure construction procedure are cumbersome, apply Work level requirement is high, and construction quality is difficult to ensure, also reduces electromagnetic protection effect.In addition, artificial applying protective coating surface layer The surface structure of textured (such as the structures such as " S type ", " X-type " and strip type) can not be made, this has been greatly reduced electromagnetic wave Absorption efficiency.
3) intensity and toughness are low: common cement base microwave defense material is mostly that resistor-type, dielectric type inhale wave and gather materials modification Cement-based material, functional single, intensity and toughness are low, and protection damage layer is easily caused under external force.For example, graphite modified water It is structural to reduce its because the addition of graphite reduces the working performance and intensity index of concrete for cement-based material Energy;The modified cement-based material of ferrite, functional form is single, only electromagnetic protection performance, not can guarantee the intensity of material and tough Property performance.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material is provided Preparation method.This method is easy, easy to operate, carries out protection and repair to concrete structure using the multifunctional material, has good Ground electromagnetic protection effect, fracture toughness and structural stability.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material, the composition of the microwave defense material is:
Phosphate component: MgO screens partial size less than 20 μm in 1750 DEG C of calcining 45min;Screening high-iron fly ash partial size exists Between 30-45 microns, density is greater than 2.8g/cm3;Potassium dihydrogen phosphate analysis is pure;Borax analysis is pure;Quality mixture ratio is MgO: high Iron powder coal ash: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: borax=1:0.3:0.75:0.05;
Water: deionized water, volume are the 30% of MgO mass;Water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, and volume is water quality 2%~5%;
Fiber: Orlon, fibre length 3mm, diameter are 10-25 μm, and volume volume is MgO volume 8%;
It inhales wave to gather materials: nanometer Fe is prepared using coprecipitation3O4, and and SiO2It mixes again, SiO2Partial size be less than 100nm, mFe3O4: m SiO2=3:1, inhale wave gather materials volume be MgO mass 60%-90%;
The step of this method, is: being first uniformly mixed water and water-reducing agent, forms aqueous solution;Will inhale wave gather materials, high iron powder Coal ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and fiber, which are mixed, is no less than 5min, then stirring is added in 4/5 aqueous solution and is no less than 3min; It is eventually adding MgO and remaining 1/5 aqueous solution is stirred until homogeneous, so far 3D printing microwave defense material, which is prepared, completes.
A kind of electromagnetic protection concrete structure, it is characterised in that the structure successively includes concrete surface layer, adds from the inside to the outside Gu-wave layer and surface layer texture structure are inhaled, the reinforcing-suction wave layer is pressed using above-mentioned microwave defense material by 3D printing technique It is printed upon concrete surface layer according to every layer of 1.3 ± 0.1mm/ layers of mode, reinforcing-suction wave layer is with a thickness of 6.5 ± 0.1mm;The surface layer Texture structure is " S type " or ripple type, honeycomb, pyramid type, and waviness width is 2 ± 0.2mm in ripple type, highly for 2 ± 0.2mm;Surface layer texture structure is also obtained using above-mentioned microwave defense material by 3D printing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention enriches existing electromagnetic protection method well, and prepare from material and construct work It is innovated in skill, major advantage is as follows:
1) electromagnetic protection effect stability: magnesium phosphate cement is a kind of inorganic coagulation material, has rapid hardening high-strength, good work Make efficiency, the advantages that high temperature resistance, cementability, existing research shows: magnesium phosphate cement and concrete interface adhesive strength > 2.5MPa, divergence > 160mm, 1h compression strength reach 30MPa, and fiber is uniformly distributed in magnesium phosphate cement, can be guaranteed A possibility that concrete surface layer forms the protective layer structure of one layer of high intensity and high tenacity, eliminates protective layer stripping damage, Improve the stability of electromagnetic protection.
2) electromagnetic protection efficiency is high: intelligent, pinpoint accuracy and rapid 3D printing can guarantee stamp with the size Accuracy can be produced quickly Various Complex structure (such as pyramidal structure, ripple struction and honeycomb), quickly essence of constructing Standard guarantees that electromagnetic protection layer and structure sheaf reach the design standard of electromagnetic protection efficiency.
3) reinforce and be electromagnetically shielded double action: magnesium phosphate cement has the performance of rapid hardening high-strength, and binding fiber toughening is made With so that electromagnetic protection layer has high-intensitive and high tenacity consolidation effect, to improve the bearing capacity of structure.
The present invention utilizes phosphate cement, Orlon and nanometer Fe3O4With SiO2Manufactured wave absorbing agent is prepared The integrated functional phosphate cement MPC of wave-reinforcing is inhaled, and passes through intelligent, flexibility and precision 3D printing technique, Bilayer MPC (bottom: reinforcing-suction wave layer, surface layer: texture structure) is printed in concrete surface layer, reaches quick to concrete structure The double effects that electromagnetic protection and fracture toughness are promoted.The technique process is easy, easy to operate, the electromagnetic protection effect of concrete structure Fruit and fracture toughness significantly improve, and stability is good, possess preferable application prospect.
The present invention provides a kind of electromagnetic protection methods of simple and practical concrete structure, compared to common energy consumption material Material, microwave defense material and conventional construction technical method, the method have high intensity, high tenacity, intelligence, accuracy high, high The advantages that stability, high-selenium corn, widescreen band, process are simple and quick, easy to operate, stability is good, the electromagnetic protection of concrete structure Effect and toughness properties significantly improve, and meet the intelligent market demands of concrete structure reinforcement and electromagnetic protection, have wide Application prospect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained further below with reference to embodiment, but not in this, as the restriction to the application protection scope.
The preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material of the present invention, the composition of the microwave defense material It is:
Phosphate component: MgO screens partial size less than 20 μm in 1750 DEG C of calcining 45min;Screening high-iron fly ash partial size exists Between 30-45 microns, density is greater than 2.8g/cm3;Potassium dihydrogen phosphate analysis is pure;Borax analysis is pure;Quality mixture ratio is MgO: high Iron powder coal ash: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: borax=1:0.3:0.75:0.05;
Water: deionized water, volume are the 30% of MgO mass;Water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, and volume is water quality 2%~5%;
Fiber: Orlon, fibre length 3mm, diameter are 10-25 μm, and volume volume is MgO volume 8%;
It inhales wave to gather materials: nanometer Fe is prepared using coprecipitation3O4, and and SiO2It mixes again, SiO2Partial size be less than 100nm, mFe3O4: m SiO2=3:1, inhale wave gather materials volume be MgO mass 60%-90%;
The step of this method, is: being first uniformly mixed water and water-reducing agent, forms aqueous solution;Will inhale wave gather materials, high iron powder Coal ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and fiber, which are mixed, is no less than 5min, then stirring is added in 4/5 aqueous solution and is no less than 3min; It is eventually adding MgO and remaining 1/5 aqueous solution stirs at least 2min to uniform, so far 3D printing microwave defense material preparation completion.
The present invention also protects a kind of electromagnetic protection concrete structure, the structure successively include from the inside to the outside concrete surface layer, Reinforcing-suction wave layer and surface layer texture structure, the reinforcing-suction wave layer pass through 3D printing technique using above-mentioned microwave defense material It is printed upon concrete surface layer according to every layer of 1.3 ± 0.1mm/ layers of mode, reinforcing-suction wave layer is with a thickness of 6.5 ± 0.1mm;The table Layer texture structure is " S type " or ripple type, honeycomb, pyramid type, and waviness width is 2 ± 0.2mm in ripple type, highly for 2 ± 0.2mm;Surface layer texture structure is also obtained using above-mentioned microwave defense material by 3D printing.
Iron content is in the high-iron fly ash with Fe2O3Meter, iron content 30%-35%.
Embodiment chinese raw materials composition is as follows respectively:
Phosphate component:
MgO is placed in high temperature furnace in 1750 DEG C of calcining 45min, and passes through 20 μm of aperture screenings;Density is chosen to be greater than 2.8g/cm3High-iron fly ash, and partial size is screened in 30-45 μ m;Potassium dihydrogen phosphate analysis is pure;Borax analysis is pure.According to phosphorus Sour magnesium cement mixing ratio design weighs each component quality, MgO: flyash: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: borax=1:0.3:0.75:0.05.
Water: deionized water, volume are the 30% of MgO mass.Water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, and volume is water quality 2%, 3.5% and 5%.
Fiber: Orlon, fibre length 3mm, diameter are 10 μm, 18 μm and 25 μm.Fiber volume volume It is the 8% of MgO volume;
It inhales wave to gather materials: nanometer Fe is prepared using coprecipitation3O4;SiO2Partial size be less than 100nm, according to m Fe3O4: m SiO2=3:1 mass table is by Fe3O4And SiO2Mix again be formed uniformly inhale wave gather materials, inhale wave gather materials volume be MgO mass 60%, 75% and 90%.
The preparation process of microwave defense material is in embodiment: being first uniformly mixed the water weighed up and water-reducing agent, is formed Aqueous solution;Will inhale wave gather materials, high-iron fly ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and fiber be mixed be no less than 5min, by 4/5 water Solution is added stirring and is no less than 3min, is added MgO and remaining 1/5 aqueous solution stirs at least 2min to uniform, so far can 3D printing Microwave defense material prepare complete.It will be in the microwave defense material process for preparation input 3D printing control system of 3D printing.
Construction method in embodiment:
Concrete surface layer processing: polishing concrete surface layer removal loosens particle, manufactures hole point with hand hammer, and remove floating dust;
Reinforcing-suction wave layer: by high-precision and intelligent 3D printing technique, will 3D printing microwave defense material slurry It is printed upon concrete surface layer, is 6.5 ± 0.1mm according to every layer of 1.3 ± 0.1mm/ layers of mode print thickness;
Surface layer texture structure: on the reinforcing printed-suction wave layer, the microwave defense material slurry using energy 3D printing is logical 3D printing is crossed into the ripple type structure of design size, 2 ± 0.2mm of waviness width, 2 ± 0.2mm of height;
It can be used as inhaling wave and reinforcing layer in the anti-water curing 6h or more of outdoor environment.
Test is divided into 3 groups: 1 suction wave of the group volume that gathers materials is 60%;Group 2 suction waves gather materials volume be 75%;3 suction wave of group, which gathers materials, to be mixed Amount is 90%.Remaining each component and preparation process, construction method are all the same.
Test measures the reflection of electromagnetic wave rate etc. of magnesium phosphate cement structure using vector network analyzer and coaxial transmission method. Magnesium phosphate is measured using drop hammer type shock test referring to " normal concrete mechanical test method " (GB/T 50081-2002) The impact strength on cement surface layer and the fracture toughness that magnesium phosphate cement is measured using the beam test of three-point bending notch.
The test result of embodiment is as shown in table 1~3.
Electromagnetic parameter, impact strength and the fracture toughness of 3D printing microwave defense material in 1 group 1 of table
Note: the EM frequencies of electromagnetic parameter testing are 2~18GHz;Bandwidth is that reflection of electromagnetic wave rate is higher than -10dB When bandwidth;Energy to failure is displacement-fracture opening strain curve of three-point bending coped beam and the area that reference axis includes.
Electromagnetic parameter, impact strength and the fracture toughness of 3D printing microwave defense material in 2 group 2 of table
Note: the EM frequencies of electromagnetic parameter testing are 2~18GHz;Bandwidth is that reflection of electromagnetic wave rate is higher than -10dB When bandwidth;Energy to failure is displacement-fracture opening strain curve of three-point bending coped beam and the area that reference axis includes.
Electromagnetic parameter, impact strength and the fracture toughness of 3D printing microwave defense material in 3 group 3 of table
Note: the EM frequencies of electromagnetic parameter testing are 2~18GHz;Bandwidth is that reflection of electromagnetic wave rate is higher than -10dB When bandwidth;Energy to failure is displacement-fracture opening strain curve of three-point bending coped beam and the area that reference axis includes.
Experimental result can significantly be found out: the microwave defense material of the application energy 3D printing can be improved significantly mixed Electromagnetic protection performance, impact strength and the toughness properties of Xtah Crude Clay structure.Illustrate to be a kind of simple, efficient mixed using this technology Xtah Crude Clay structure electromagnetic protection method, can promote the use of.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material, the composition of the microwave defense material is:
Phosphate component: MgO screens partial size less than 20 μm in 1750 DEG C of calcining 45min;High-iron fly ash partial size is screened in 30- Between 45 microns, density is greater than 2.8g/cm3;Potassium dihydrogen phosphate analysis is pure;Borax analysis is pure;Quality mixture ratio is MgO: high-speed rail Flyash: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: borax=1:0.3:0.75:0.05;
Water: deionized water, volume are the 30% of MgO mass;Water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, volume be water quality 2%~ 5%;
Fiber: Orlon, fibre length 3mm, diameter are 10-25 μm, and volume volume is the 8% of MgO volume;
It inhales wave to gather materials: nanometer Fe is prepared using coprecipitation3O4, and and SiO2It mixes again, SiO2Partial size be less than 100nm, m Fe3O4: m SiO2=3:1, inhale wave gather materials volume be MgO mass 60%-90%;
The step of this method, is: being first uniformly mixed water and water-reducing agent, forms aqueous solution;Will inhale wave gather materials, high-iron fly ash, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and fiber, which are mixed, is no less than 5min, then stirring is added in 4/5 aqueous solution and is no less than 3min;Finally MgO is added and remaining 1/5 aqueous solution is stirred until homogeneous, so far 3D printing microwave defense material, which is prepared, completes.
2. the preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute Iron content is stated in high-iron fly ash with Fe2O3Meter, iron content 30%-35%.
3. a kind of electromagnetic protection concrete structure, it is characterised in that the structure successively includes concrete surface layer, reinforcing-from the inside to the outside Wave layer and surface layer texture structure are inhaled, the reinforcing-suction wave layer passes through 3D using microwave defense material of any of claims 1 or 2 Printing technique is printed upon concrete surface layer according to every layer of 1.3 ± 0.1mm/ layers of mode, reinforcing-suction wave layer with a thickness of 6.5 ± 0.1mm;The surface layer texture structure is " S type " or ripple type, honeycomb, pyramid type, in ripple type waviness width be 2 ± 0.2mm is highly 2 ± 0.2mm;Surface layer texture structure is also beaten using microwave defense material of any of claims 1 or 2 by 3D Print obtains.
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CN109265127B (en) 2021-09-07

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