A kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material
Technical field
The invention belongs to New Building Materials technical fields.More particularly to a kind of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility electromagnetic protection material
The preparation method of material.
Background technique
More about the technology of concrete structure electromagnetic protection and research at present, electromagnetic protection coating is because its is at low cost, work
Skill simplicity, strong applicability, without special installation the advantages that most widely applied, building structure surface layer smear a coating
It can reach electromagnetic protection effect.3D printing technique because its without modelling, intelligence, flexibility and it is rapid the features such as obtain extensively
Application.3D printing technique and electromagnetic protection technology are combined, electromagnetic pollution environment can be effectively purified, establishes green
The electromagnetism ecological balance.
However, traditional microwave defense material, comprising: electromagnetic-wave absorbent and electromagnetic shielding material (such as epoxy base class
Electromagnetic protection coating) and construction technology: including artificial construction and and spraying process, wanted although certain electromagnetic protection can be reached
It asks, but from the aspect of technique and durability, there is also some problems, specific as follows:
1) microwave defense material stability is poor: common electromagnetic shielding material is mostly that painting type epoxy base class electromagnetic protection applies
Material, be the surface layer that microwave defense material is applied to building structure so that electromagnetic wave reach reflection on protective coating surface can not
Inside configuration is entered, to achieve the effect that electromagnetic protection.But it is vulnerable to environment temperature, the variation of humidity and usage mode
The problems such as difference causes service life low, easy to fall off, easy to crack, environment friendly is poor seriously reduces its electromagnetic protection performance.
And the research for common electromagnetic-wave absorbent, it focuses mostly in ordinary portland cement base class microwave defense material, bonding
Property is poor, can not be bonded the surface layer of existing structure, be unable to reach the effect of Rapid-Repair electromagnetic protection.
2) electromagnetic protection effect is poor: traditional construction technique is manually to stir and smear microwave defense material, not can guarantee institute
Be made of and the uniformity of application process material, thus not can guarantee electromagnetic protection layer thickness and property uniform in material, be easy to make
It fails at local electromagnetic protection.And traditional artificial smearing and spraying process manufacture electromagnetic protection structure construction procedure are cumbersome, apply
Work level requirement is high, and construction quality is difficult to ensure, also reduces electromagnetic protection effect.In addition, artificial applying protective coating surface layer
The surface structure of textured (such as the structures such as " S type ", " X-type " and strip type) can not be made, this has been greatly reduced electromagnetic wave
Absorption efficiency.
3) intensity and toughness are low: common cement base microwave defense material is mostly that resistor-type, dielectric type inhale wave and gather materials modification
Cement-based material, functional single, intensity and toughness are low, and protection damage layer is easily caused under external force.For example, graphite modified water
It is structural to reduce its because the addition of graphite reduces the working performance and intensity index of concrete for cement-based material
Energy;The modified cement-based material of ferrite, functional form is single, only electromagnetic protection performance, not can guarantee the intensity of material and tough
Property performance.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material is provided
Preparation method.This method is easy, easy to operate, carries out protection and repair to concrete structure using the multifunctional material, has good
Ground electromagnetic protection effect, fracture toughness and structural stability.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material, the composition of the microwave defense material is:
Phosphate component: MgO screens partial size less than 20 μm in 1750 DEG C of calcining 45min;Screening high-iron fly ash partial size exists
Between 30-45 microns, density is greater than 2.8g/cm3;Potassium dihydrogen phosphate analysis is pure;Borax analysis is pure;Quality mixture ratio is MgO: high
Iron powder coal ash: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: borax=1:0.3:0.75:0.05;
Water: deionized water, volume are the 30% of MgO mass;Water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, and volume is water quality
2%~5%;
Fiber: Orlon, fibre length 3mm, diameter are 10-25 μm, and volume volume is MgO volume
8%;
It inhales wave to gather materials: nanometer Fe is prepared using coprecipitation3O4, and and SiO2It mixes again, SiO2Partial size be less than 100nm,
mFe3O4: m SiO2=3:1, inhale wave gather materials volume be MgO mass 60%-90%;
The step of this method, is: being first uniformly mixed water and water-reducing agent, forms aqueous solution;Will inhale wave gather materials, high iron powder
Coal ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and fiber, which are mixed, is no less than 5min, then stirring is added in 4/5 aqueous solution and is no less than 3min;
It is eventually adding MgO and remaining 1/5 aqueous solution is stirred until homogeneous, so far 3D printing microwave defense material, which is prepared, completes.
A kind of electromagnetic protection concrete structure, it is characterised in that the structure successively includes concrete surface layer, adds from the inside to the outside
Gu-wave layer and surface layer texture structure are inhaled, the reinforcing-suction wave layer is pressed using above-mentioned microwave defense material by 3D printing technique
It is printed upon concrete surface layer according to every layer of 1.3 ± 0.1mm/ layers of mode, reinforcing-suction wave layer is with a thickness of 6.5 ± 0.1mm;The surface layer
Texture structure is " S type " or ripple type, honeycomb, pyramid type, and waviness width is 2 ± 0.2mm in ripple type, highly for 2 ±
0.2mm;Surface layer texture structure is also obtained using above-mentioned microwave defense material by 3D printing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention enriches existing electromagnetic protection method well, and prepare from material and construct work
It is innovated in skill, major advantage is as follows:
1) electromagnetic protection effect stability: magnesium phosphate cement is a kind of inorganic coagulation material, has rapid hardening high-strength, good work
Make efficiency, the advantages that high temperature resistance, cementability, existing research shows: magnesium phosphate cement and concrete interface adhesive strength >
2.5MPa, divergence > 160mm, 1h compression strength reach 30MPa, and fiber is uniformly distributed in magnesium phosphate cement, can be guaranteed
A possibility that concrete surface layer forms the protective layer structure of one layer of high intensity and high tenacity, eliminates protective layer stripping damage,
Improve the stability of electromagnetic protection.
2) electromagnetic protection efficiency is high: intelligent, pinpoint accuracy and rapid 3D printing can guarantee stamp with the size
Accuracy can be produced quickly Various Complex structure (such as pyramidal structure, ripple struction and honeycomb), quickly essence of constructing
Standard guarantees that electromagnetic protection layer and structure sheaf reach the design standard of electromagnetic protection efficiency.
3) reinforce and be electromagnetically shielded double action: magnesium phosphate cement has the performance of rapid hardening high-strength, and binding fiber toughening is made
With so that electromagnetic protection layer has high-intensitive and high tenacity consolidation effect, to improve the bearing capacity of structure.
The present invention utilizes phosphate cement, Orlon and nanometer Fe3O4With SiO2Manufactured wave absorbing agent is prepared
The integrated functional phosphate cement MPC of wave-reinforcing is inhaled, and passes through intelligent, flexibility and precision 3D printing technique,
Bilayer MPC (bottom: reinforcing-suction wave layer, surface layer: texture structure) is printed in concrete surface layer, reaches quick to concrete structure
The double effects that electromagnetic protection and fracture toughness are promoted.The technique process is easy, easy to operate, the electromagnetic protection effect of concrete structure
Fruit and fracture toughness significantly improve, and stability is good, possess preferable application prospect.
The present invention provides a kind of electromagnetic protection methods of simple and practical concrete structure, compared to common energy consumption material
Material, microwave defense material and conventional construction technical method, the method have high intensity, high tenacity, intelligence, accuracy high, high
The advantages that stability, high-selenium corn, widescreen band, process are simple and quick, easy to operate, stability is good, the electromagnetic protection of concrete structure
Effect and toughness properties significantly improve, and meet the intelligent market demands of concrete structure reinforcement and electromagnetic protection, have wide
Application prospect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained further below with reference to embodiment, but not in this, as the restriction to the application protection scope.
The preparation method of 3D printing high-strength and high-ductility microwave defense material of the present invention, the composition of the microwave defense material
It is:
Phosphate component: MgO screens partial size less than 20 μm in 1750 DEG C of calcining 45min;Screening high-iron fly ash partial size exists
Between 30-45 microns, density is greater than 2.8g/cm3;Potassium dihydrogen phosphate analysis is pure;Borax analysis is pure;Quality mixture ratio is MgO: high
Iron powder coal ash: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: borax=1:0.3:0.75:0.05;
Water: deionized water, volume are the 30% of MgO mass;Water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, and volume is water quality
2%~5%;
Fiber: Orlon, fibre length 3mm, diameter are 10-25 μm, and volume volume is MgO volume
8%;
It inhales wave to gather materials: nanometer Fe is prepared using coprecipitation3O4, and and SiO2It mixes again, SiO2Partial size be less than 100nm,
mFe3O4: m SiO2=3:1, inhale wave gather materials volume be MgO mass 60%-90%;
The step of this method, is: being first uniformly mixed water and water-reducing agent, forms aqueous solution;Will inhale wave gather materials, high iron powder
Coal ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and fiber, which are mixed, is no less than 5min, then stirring is added in 4/5 aqueous solution and is no less than 3min;
It is eventually adding MgO and remaining 1/5 aqueous solution stirs at least 2min to uniform, so far 3D printing microwave defense material preparation completion.
The present invention also protects a kind of electromagnetic protection concrete structure, the structure successively include from the inside to the outside concrete surface layer,
Reinforcing-suction wave layer and surface layer texture structure, the reinforcing-suction wave layer pass through 3D printing technique using above-mentioned microwave defense material
It is printed upon concrete surface layer according to every layer of 1.3 ± 0.1mm/ layers of mode, reinforcing-suction wave layer is with a thickness of 6.5 ± 0.1mm;The table
Layer texture structure is " S type " or ripple type, honeycomb, pyramid type, and waviness width is 2 ± 0.2mm in ripple type, highly for 2 ±
0.2mm;Surface layer texture structure is also obtained using above-mentioned microwave defense material by 3D printing.
Iron content is in the high-iron fly ash with Fe2O3Meter, iron content 30%-35%.
Embodiment chinese raw materials composition is as follows respectively:
Phosphate component:
MgO is placed in high temperature furnace in 1750 DEG C of calcining 45min, and passes through 20 μm of aperture screenings;Density is chosen to be greater than
2.8g/cm3High-iron fly ash, and partial size is screened in 30-45 μ m;Potassium dihydrogen phosphate analysis is pure;Borax analysis is pure.According to phosphorus
Sour magnesium cement mixing ratio design weighs each component quality, MgO: flyash: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: borax=1:0.3:0.75:0.05.
Water: deionized water, volume are the 30% of MgO mass.Water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, and volume is water quality
2%, 3.5% and 5%.
Fiber: Orlon, fibre length 3mm, diameter are 10 μm, 18 μm and 25 μm.Fiber volume volume
It is the 8% of MgO volume;
It inhales wave to gather materials: nanometer Fe is prepared using coprecipitation3O4;SiO2Partial size be less than 100nm, according to m Fe3O4: m
SiO2=3:1 mass table is by Fe3O4And SiO2Mix again be formed uniformly inhale wave gather materials, inhale wave gather materials volume be MgO mass 60%,
75% and 90%.
The preparation process of microwave defense material is in embodiment: being first uniformly mixed the water weighed up and water-reducing agent, is formed
Aqueous solution;Will inhale wave gather materials, high-iron fly ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and fiber be mixed be no less than 5min, by 4/5 water
Solution is added stirring and is no less than 3min, is added MgO and remaining 1/5 aqueous solution stirs at least 2min to uniform, so far can 3D printing
Microwave defense material prepare complete.It will be in the microwave defense material process for preparation input 3D printing control system of 3D printing.
Construction method in embodiment:
Concrete surface layer processing: polishing concrete surface layer removal loosens particle, manufactures hole point with hand hammer, and remove floating dust;
Reinforcing-suction wave layer: by high-precision and intelligent 3D printing technique, will 3D printing microwave defense material slurry
It is printed upon concrete surface layer, is 6.5 ± 0.1mm according to every layer of 1.3 ± 0.1mm/ layers of mode print thickness;
Surface layer texture structure: on the reinforcing printed-suction wave layer, the microwave defense material slurry using energy 3D printing is logical
3D printing is crossed into the ripple type structure of design size, 2 ± 0.2mm of waviness width, 2 ± 0.2mm of height;
It can be used as inhaling wave and reinforcing layer in the anti-water curing 6h or more of outdoor environment.
Test is divided into 3 groups: 1 suction wave of the group volume that gathers materials is 60%;Group 2 suction waves gather materials volume be 75%;3 suction wave of group, which gathers materials, to be mixed
Amount is 90%.Remaining each component and preparation process, construction method are all the same.
Test measures the reflection of electromagnetic wave rate etc. of magnesium phosphate cement structure using vector network analyzer and coaxial transmission method.
Magnesium phosphate is measured using drop hammer type shock test referring to " normal concrete mechanical test method " (GB/T 50081-2002)
The impact strength on cement surface layer and the fracture toughness that magnesium phosphate cement is measured using the beam test of three-point bending notch.
The test result of embodiment is as shown in table 1~3.
Electromagnetic parameter, impact strength and the fracture toughness of 3D printing microwave defense material in 1 group 1 of table
Note: the EM frequencies of electromagnetic parameter testing are 2~18GHz;Bandwidth is that reflection of electromagnetic wave rate is higher than -10dB
When bandwidth;Energy to failure is displacement-fracture opening strain curve of three-point bending coped beam and the area that reference axis includes.
Electromagnetic parameter, impact strength and the fracture toughness of 3D printing microwave defense material in 2 group 2 of table
Note: the EM frequencies of electromagnetic parameter testing are 2~18GHz;Bandwidth is that reflection of electromagnetic wave rate is higher than -10dB
When bandwidth;Energy to failure is displacement-fracture opening strain curve of three-point bending coped beam and the area that reference axis includes.
Electromagnetic parameter, impact strength and the fracture toughness of 3D printing microwave defense material in 3 group 3 of table
Note: the EM frequencies of electromagnetic parameter testing are 2~18GHz;Bandwidth is that reflection of electromagnetic wave rate is higher than -10dB
When bandwidth;Energy to failure is displacement-fracture opening strain curve of three-point bending coped beam and the area that reference axis includes.
Experimental result can significantly be found out: the microwave defense material of the application energy 3D printing can be improved significantly mixed
Electromagnetic protection performance, impact strength and the toughness properties of Xtah Crude Clay structure.Illustrate to be a kind of simple, efficient mixed using this technology
Xtah Crude Clay structure electromagnetic protection method, can promote the use of.