CN109261967B - Electron beam partition scanning forming method for porous tungsten material - Google Patents

Electron beam partition scanning forming method for porous tungsten material Download PDF

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CN109261967B
CN109261967B CN201811451544.4A CN201811451544A CN109261967B CN 109261967 B CN109261967 B CN 109261967B CN 201811451544 A CN201811451544 A CN 201811451544A CN 109261967 B CN109261967 B CN 109261967B
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electron beam
lattice structure
tungsten material
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杨广宇
贾亮
刘楠
杨坤
许忠国
汤慧萍
王建
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Northwest Institute for Non Ferrous Metal Research
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Abstract

The invention discloses an electron beam partition scanning forming method of a porous tungsten material, which comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model; secondly, establishing a porous body model; thirdly, combining the porous tungsten material models and layering; fourthly, guiding the layered porous tungsten material model into selective electron beam melting forming equipment, and sequentially inputting parameters, filling powder, leveling a forming bottom plate, vacuumizing and preheating; fifthly, selectively melting and selectively sintering the tungsten powder to obtain a single-layer solid sheet layer; sixthly, repeating the preparation process of the single-layer solid sheet layer to obtain a porous tungsten material forming piece; and seventhly, removing residual powder after cooling to obtain the porous tungsten material. The invention adopts the electron beam subarea scanning forming method to prepare the three-dimensional lattice structure and the porous body structure of the porous tungsten material in turn, adjusts the mechanical property and the porosity of the porous tungsten material by adjusting the three-dimensional lattice structure and the sintering degree of the internal porous body, has short process flow, is suitable for the porous tungsten material with special requirements, and enlarges the application range of the porous tungsten material.

Description

Electron beam partition scanning forming method for porous tungsten material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material preparation, and particularly relates to an electron beam partition scanning forming method of a porous tungsten material.
Background
The porous material has the characteristics of low density, high specific surface and the like, and has important application in a plurality of technical fields such as catalysts, filtration, composite materials and the like. The porous tungsten material has the characteristics of high melting point, boiling point, low vapor pressure and the like of tungsten, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, power electronics, metallurgical industry and other extreme environments. Such as porous cathode base body with high current density, filter of high-temperature fluid, high-temperature gas purifier, sweating material skeleton, gas distributing material under high temperature, etc. Meanwhile, the porous tungsten substrate can also be used for manufacturing a rocket nozzle throat lining by permeating a coolant, and a substrate of an electrical contact material and the like by using an immersion method.
In the above-mentioned applications, the porosity, pore size, uniformity of pore distribution, and the like have a great influence on the performance of the porous tungsten product. The preparation method of the porous tungsten mainly comprises the following steps: traditional powder metallurgy methods, electrolytic methods, slurry coating methods, plasma sintering methods, injection molding methods, and the like. In the patent 'a preparation method of porous tungsten with uniform pores (publication No. CN 108436079A)', powder with narrow particle size distribution is used as a raw material, and a traditional pressing-sintering method is used for preparing the porous tungsten, so that batch production is realized, but the method cannot directly form a special-shaped porous material, and the connectivity of the pores is difficult to ensure. The patent "an electrolytic preparation method of porous tungsten" (the publication number of CN 103774184B) provides a preparation method of porous material which uses electrochemical method to electrolyze tungsten block and adjusts porosity by controlling weight loss, but the pore distribution and depth of porous tungsten prepared by the method are difficult to control. The patent "high porosity micropore net-shaped porous tungsten structure and its preparation method (granted publication No. CN 101660080B)" provides a method for obtaining a porous body by using through-hole organic foam as a carrier, adopting grouting to obtain a blank body, and then carrying out high-temperature vacuum sintering. The patent "a method for preparing a porous tungsten bulk material with uniformly controlled pores (granted publication No. CN 105734332B)" provides a method for preparing a tungsten porous material by a plasma rapid sintering method, which requires the use of a mold and is limited in the formation of a complicated porous member. The patent "a method for preparing a profiled porous tungsten product with uniform pores (publication No. CN 105499574A)" provides a method for preparing a porous tungsten structure by using an injection molding technique, by which a porous tungsten structure with a complicated shape and high dimensional accuracy can be prepared, but the method requires the use of a binder and has a complicated process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a method for forming a porous tungsten material by electron beam scanning in a partitioned manner. The method adopts an electron beam partition scanning forming method to sequentially prepare the three-dimensional lattice structure and the porous body structure of the porous tungsten material, can adjust the mechanical property and the porosity of the porous tungsten material by adjusting the three-dimensional lattice structure and the sintering degree of the internal porous body, does not need a die and machining, has short simple process, is suitable for the porous tungsten material with special shape and size requirements, and greatly expands the application range of the porous tungsten material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an electron beam subarea scanning forming method of a porous tungsten material, wherein the porous tungsten material consists of a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model by using three-dimensional modeling software, as shown in figure 1;
step two, establishing a porous body model according to the internal pore area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one, as shown in figure 2;
step three, combining the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one and the porous body model established in the step two to obtain a porous tungsten material model, and then carrying out layering processing along the height direction of the porous tungsten material model to obtain layering data as shown in fig. 3; each layer obtained by the layering treatment comprises an area belonging to the three-dimensional lattice structure model and an area belonging to the porous body model;
step four, guiding the porous tungsten material model subjected to layering treatment in the step three into electron beam selective melting forming equipment, then respectively inputting forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model and the porous body model, and then filling tungsten powder into the electron beam selective melting forming equipment with the input forming parametersLeveling a forming bottom plate of selective electron beam melting and forming equipment in a powder box of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment, and vacuumizing a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment until the vacuum degree is less than 1 multiplied by 10-2Pa, preheating the forming bottom plate by adopting an electron beam;
step five, spreading the tungsten powder filled into the powder box in the step four on the preheated forming bottom plate in the step four, selectively melting the tungsten powder in the area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model input in the step four according to the layering data obtained in the step three, selectively sintering the tungsten powder in the area of the porous body model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the porous body model input in the step four to form a single-layer solid sheet layer, and descending the forming bottom plate; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices in the step three;
step six, repeating the powder laying, selective scanning melting, selective sintering and forming bottom plate descending processes in the step five until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a porous tungsten material forming part;
and step seven, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 100 ℃, introducing protective gas into a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment to accelerate the cooling process, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 50 ℃, taking out a porous tungsten material forming piece, and then removing residual powder in the porous tungsten material forming piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the porous tungsten material.
The invention divides the tungsten porous material into a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in the pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, adopts an electron beam subarea scanning forming method to take tungsten powder as a raw material, adopts different process parameters, firstly completely melts the tungsten powder to form the three-dimensional lattice structure, then melts the surface of the tungsten powder to bond tungsten powder particles, forms a three-dimensional continuous porous body in a three-dimensional lattice structure frame, and finally obtains the porous tungsten material filled with the porous body in the three-dimensional lattice structure, because the three-dimensional lattice structure mainly plays a role in strengthening the integral mechanical property of the porous structure, the internal porous body can be used for realizing the functionality of the porous structure, the strength, the like mechanical property and the porosity of the porous tungsten material can be flexibly and conveniently adjusted by adjusting the sintering degree of the three-dimensional lattice structure and the internal porous body, and the pore uniformity of the porous body is, the method is simple and is suitable for the porous tungsten material with special shape and size requirements, thereby greatly expanding the application range of the porous tungsten material.
The electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material is characterized in that the thickness of each layer of slice obtained by the layering treatment in the step three is 30-100 μm. The thickness of each layer of slices is limited within the range, namely the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is limited within the range so as to adapt to the melting capacity of the electron beam to the tungsten powder.
The electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material is characterized in that the tungsten powder in the fourth step is spherical or nearly spherical tungsten powder with the particle size of less than 150 mu m. The tungsten powder with the particle size and the shape has good fluidity, thereby ensuring the smooth operation of the tungsten powder spreading process, and improving the integral uniformity of the powder spreading layer, thereby improving the uniformity of the porous tungsten material.
The electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material is characterized in that the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate in the fourth step is 400-800 ℃. The ductile-brittle transition temperature of the traditional tungsten is 250-400 ℃, the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate is far higher than the ductile-brittle transition temperature, the temperature of the subsequent forming process of a plurality of single-layer solid sheet layers is ensured to be above the ductile-brittle transition temperature, the cracking of the single-layer solid sheet layers is avoided, and the overall performance of the porous tungsten material is improved.
The electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material is characterized in that the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in the fourth step are as follows: the scanning current is 11 mA-15 mA, the scanning speed is 0.1 m/s-0.2 m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm. The forming parameters are adopted to selectively melt the tungsten powder to prepare the areas of the three-dimensional lattice structure models in each layer, so that the dimensional precision and the melting quality of the rib body of the three-dimensional lattice structure are effectively controlled, and the strengthening effect of the three-dimensional lattice structure on the overall mechanical property of the porous tungsten material structure is improved.
The electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material is characterized in that the forming parameters of the porous body model in the fourth step are as follows: the scanning current is 8 mA-10 mA, the scanning speed is 0.3 m/s-0.5 m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm. The forming parameters are adopted to selectively sinter the tungsten powder to prepare the areas of the porous body models in each layer, so that the sintering necks of the porous bodies are uniform and complete, and the strength of the porous tungsten material is further improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the three-dimensional lattice structure and the porous body structure are sequentially prepared by combining an electron beam partition scanning forming method with different process parameters, so that the porous tungsten material filled with the porous body in the three-dimensional lattice structure is obtained, the mechanical properties such as strength and the like and the porosity of the porous tungsten material can be flexibly and conveniently adjusted by adjusting the sintering degree of the porous body in the three-dimensional lattice structure, the uniformity of the porosity of the porous body is improved, a mold and machining are not needed, the method is simple, the flow is short, the cost is low, the utilization rate of raw materials is high, and the method is suitable for the porous tungsten material with special shape and size requirements, so that the application range of the porous tungsten.
2. In the forming process of the invention, no carrier or pore-forming agent is needed to be added, thereby reducing pollution and improving the purity of the porous tungsten material.
3. The invention adopts high-energy electron beams to completely melt the high-melting-point tungsten powder to prepare the three-dimensional lattice structure, promotes the combination between tungsten-tungsten particle interfaces, and improves the strength of the porous tungsten material.
4. Compared with the traditional method for preparing the tungsten porous material by the sintering method, the method adopts high-energy electron beams to melt the surface of tungsten powder to generate the action of instantaneous high-temperature liquid phase sintering, so that tungsten powder particles are bonded to form a porous body, no activating element is required to be added, and the formed sintering neck is complete. Further improving the strength and the purity of the porous tungsten material.
5. The invention has simple process, safety and controllability and high forming accuracy, can realize the one-step forming of the porous tungsten material with opposite or complex appearance and improves the preparation efficiency.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional lattice structure model of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a porous body model of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a model of porous tungsten material of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a micrograph of a porous tungsten material prepared according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The porous tungsten material of the embodiment is composed of a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, the size of the porous tungsten material is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the porosity is 30%, and the electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model by using three-dimensional modeling software; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the dimensions of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and the porosity is 90 percent;
step two, establishing a porous body model according to the internal pore area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one;
combining the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one and the porous body model established in the step two to obtain a porous tungsten material model, and then carrying out layering processing along the height direction of the porous tungsten material model to obtain layering data; each layer obtained by the layering treatment comprises an area belonging to the three-dimensional lattice structure model and an area belonging to the porous body model; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by layering treatment is 30 micrometers;
step four, guiding the porous tungsten material model subjected to layering treatment in the step three into electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and then respectively inputting the porous tungsten material model into three-dimensional lattice junctionsForming parameters of the model and the porous body model, then filling tungsten powder into a powder box of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment with the input forming parameters, leveling a forming bottom plate of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and vacuumizing a forming cavity of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment until the vacuum degree is less than 0.5 multiplied by 10-2Pa, adopting electron beams to preheat the forming bottom plate until the temperature of the forming bottom plate is 400 ℃; the tungsten powder is nearly spherical tungsten powder with the particle size of less than 150 mu m; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the following forming parameters: the scanning current is 11mA, the scanning speed is 0.2m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.3 mm; the forming parameters of the porous body model are as follows: the scanning current is 8mA, the scanning speed is 0.5m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.3 mm;
step five, spreading the tungsten powder filled into the powder box in the step four on the preheated forming bottom plate in the step four, selectively melting the tungsten powder in the area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model input in the step four according to the layering data obtained in the step three, selectively sintering the tungsten powder in the area of the porous body model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the porous body model input in the step four to form a single-layer solid sheet layer, and descending the forming bottom plate; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices in the step three; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is 30 mu m;
step six, repeating the powder laying, selective scanning melting, selective sintering and forming bottom plate descending processes in the step five until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a porous tungsten material forming part;
and step seven, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 100 ℃, introducing protective gas into a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment to accelerate the cooling process, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 50 ℃, taking out a porous tungsten material forming piece, and then removing residual powder in the porous tungsten material forming piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the porous tungsten material.
Fig. 4 is a microscopic morphology diagram of the porous tungsten material prepared in this example, in which an area a is a three-dimensional lattice structure and an area B is a porous body structure, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the porous bodies are uniformly filled in the three-dimensional lattice structure of the porous tungsten material prepared in this example, the tungsten powder forming the three-dimensional lattice structure is completely melted, the tungsten-tungsten particle interfaces are tightly bonded, and the sintering necks of the porous bodies formed by bonding the surfaces of the tungsten powder are complete.
Example 2
The porous tungsten material of the embodiment is composed of a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, the size of the porous tungsten material is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the porosity is 22%, and the electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model by using three-dimensional modeling software; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the dimensions of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and the porosity is 90 percent;
step two, establishing a porous body model according to the internal pore area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one;
combining the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one and the porous body model established in the step two to obtain a porous tungsten material model, and then carrying out layering processing along the height direction of the porous tungsten material model to obtain layering data; each layer obtained by the layering treatment comprises an area belonging to the three-dimensional lattice structure model and an area belonging to the porous body model; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by layering treatment is 30 micrometers;
step four, guiding the porous tungsten material model subjected to the layering treatment in the step three into electron beam selective melting forming equipment, then respectively inputting forming parameters of a three-dimensional lattice structure model and a porous body model, then filling tungsten powder into a powder box of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment with the input forming parameters, leveling a forming bottom plate of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and vacuumizing a forming cavity of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment until the vacuum degree of the forming cavity is less than 0.5 multiplied by 10-2Pa, adopting electron beams to preheat the forming bottom plate until the temperature of the forming bottom plate is 400 ℃; the tungsten powder is spherical tungsten with the particle size of less than 150 mu mPulverizing; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the following forming parameters: the scanning current is 11mA, the scanning speed is 0.2m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.3 mm; the forming parameters of the porous body model are as follows: the scanning current is 10mA, the scanning speed is 0.3m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm;
step five, spreading the tungsten powder filled into the powder box in the step four on the preheated forming bottom plate in the step four, selectively melting the tungsten powder in the area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model input in the step four according to the layering data obtained in the step three, selectively sintering the tungsten powder in the area of the porous body model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the porous body model input in the step four to form a single-layer solid sheet layer, and descending the forming bottom plate; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices in the step three; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is 30 mu m;
step six, repeating the powder laying, selective scanning melting, selective sintering and forming bottom plate descending processes in the step five until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a porous tungsten material forming part;
and step seven, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 100 ℃, introducing protective gas into a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment to accelerate the cooling process, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 50 ℃, taking out a porous tungsten material forming piece, and then removing residual powder in the porous tungsten material forming piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the porous tungsten material.
Example 3
The porous tungsten material of the embodiment is composed of a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, the size of the porous tungsten material is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the porosity is 20%, and the electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model by using three-dimensional modeling software; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the dimensions of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and the porosity is 80 percent;
step two, establishing a porous body model according to the internal pore area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one;
combining the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one and the porous body model established in the step two to obtain a porous tungsten material model, and then carrying out layering processing along the height direction of the porous tungsten material model to obtain layering data; each layer obtained by the layering treatment comprises an area belonging to the three-dimensional lattice structure model and an area belonging to the porous body model; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by layering treatment is 100 mu m;
step four, guiding the porous tungsten material model subjected to the layering treatment in the step three into electron beam selective melting forming equipment, then respectively inputting forming parameters of a three-dimensional lattice structure model and a porous body model, then filling tungsten powder into a powder box of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment with the input forming parameters, leveling a forming bottom plate of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and vacuumizing a forming cavity of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment until the vacuum degree of the forming cavity is less than 0.5 multiplied by 10-2Pa, adopting electron beams to preheat the forming bottom plate until the temperature of the forming bottom plate is 800 ℃; the tungsten powder is nearly spherical tungsten powder with the particle size of less than 150 mu m; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the following forming parameters: the scanning current is 15mA, the scanning speed is 0.1m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm; the forming parameters of the porous body model are as follows: the scanning current is 10mA, the scanning speed is 0.3m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm;
step five, spreading the tungsten powder filled into the powder box in the step four on the preheated forming bottom plate in the step four, selectively melting the tungsten powder in the area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model input in the step four according to the layering data obtained in the step three, selectively sintering the tungsten powder in the area of the porous body model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the porous body model input in the step four to form a single-layer solid sheet layer, and descending the forming bottom plate; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices in the step three; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is 100 mu m;
step six, repeating the powder laying, selective scanning melting, selective sintering and forming bottom plate descending processes in the step five until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a porous tungsten material forming part;
and step seven, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 100 ℃, introducing protective gas into a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment to accelerate the cooling process, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 50 ℃, taking out a porous tungsten material forming piece, and then removing residual powder in the porous tungsten material forming piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the porous tungsten material.
Example 4
The porous tungsten material of the embodiment is composed of a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, the size of the porous tungsten material is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the porosity is 24%, and the electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model by using three-dimensional modeling software; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the dimensions of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and the porosity is 80 percent;
step two, establishing a porous body model according to the internal pore area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one;
combining the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one and the porous body model established in the step two to obtain a porous tungsten material model, and then carrying out layering processing along the height direction of the porous tungsten material model to obtain layering data; each layer obtained by the layering treatment comprises an area belonging to the three-dimensional lattice structure model and an area belonging to the porous body model; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by layering treatment is 100 mu m;
step four, guiding the porous tungsten material model subjected to layering treatment in the step three into electron beam selective melting forming equipment, then respectively inputting forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model and the porous body model, and then filling tungsten powderPutting the mixture into a powder box of electron beam selective melting forming equipment with input forming parameters, leveling a forming bottom plate of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and vacuumizing a forming cavity of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment until the vacuum degree is less than 1 multiplied by 10-2Pa, adopting electron beams to preheat the forming bottom plate until the temperature of the forming bottom plate is 800 ℃; the tungsten powder is nearly spherical tungsten powder with the particle size of less than 150 mu m; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the following forming parameters: the scanning current is 15mA, the scanning speed is 0.1m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm; the forming parameters of the porous body model are as follows: the scanning current is 8mA, the scanning speed is 0.5m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.3 mm;
step five, spreading the tungsten powder filled into the powder box in the step four on the preheated forming bottom plate in the step four, selectively melting the tungsten powder in the area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model input in the step four according to the layering data obtained in the step three, selectively sintering the tungsten powder in the area of the porous body model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the porous body model input in the step four to form a single-layer solid sheet layer, and descending the forming bottom plate; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices in the step three; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is 100 mu m;
step six, repeating the powder laying, selective scanning melting, selective sintering and forming bottom plate descending processes in the step five until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a porous tungsten material forming part;
and step seven, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 100 ℃, introducing protective gas into a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment to accelerate the cooling process, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 50 ℃, taking out a porous tungsten material forming piece, and then removing residual powder in the porous tungsten material forming piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the porous tungsten material.
Example 5
The porous tungsten material of the embodiment is composed of a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, the size of the porous tungsten material is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the porosity is 23%, and the electron beam partition scanning forming method of the porous tungsten material comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model by using three-dimensional modeling software; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the dimensions of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and the porosity is 85 percent;
step two, establishing a porous body model according to the internal pore area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one;
combining the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one and the porous body model established in the step two to obtain a porous tungsten material model, and then carrying out layering processing along the height direction of the porous tungsten material model to obtain layering data; each layer obtained by the layering treatment comprises an area belonging to the three-dimensional lattice structure model and an area belonging to the porous body model; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by layering treatment is 50 μm;
step four, guiding the porous tungsten material model subjected to the layering treatment in the step three into electron beam selective melting forming equipment, then respectively inputting forming parameters of a three-dimensional lattice structure model and a porous body model, then filling tungsten powder into a powder box of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment with the input forming parameters, leveling a forming bottom plate of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and vacuumizing a forming cavity of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment until the vacuum degree of the forming cavity is less than 1 x 10-2Pa, adopting electron beams to preheat the forming bottom plate until the temperature of the forming bottom plate is 500 ℃; the tungsten powder is spherical tungsten powder with the particle size of less than 150 mu m; the three-dimensional lattice structure model has the following forming parameters: the scanning current is 12mA, the scanning speed is 0.15m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.2 mm; the forming parameters of the porous body model are as follows: the scanning current is 9mA, the scanning speed is 0.4m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.2 mm;
step five, spreading the tungsten powder filled into the powder box in the step four on the preheated forming bottom plate in the step four, selectively melting the tungsten powder in the area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model input in the step four according to the layering data obtained in the step three, selectively sintering the tungsten powder in the area of the porous body model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the porous body model input in the step four to form a single-layer solid sheet layer, and descending the forming bottom plate; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices in the step three; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is 50 mu m;
step six, repeating the powder laying, selective scanning melting, selective sintering and forming bottom plate descending processes in the step five until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a porous tungsten material forming part;
and step seven, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 100 ℃, introducing protective gas into a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment to accelerate the cooling process, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 50 ℃, taking out a porous tungsten material forming piece, and then removing residual powder in the porous tungsten material forming piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the porous tungsten material.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. An electron beam subarea scanning forming method of a porous tungsten material, wherein the porous tungsten material consists of a three-dimensional lattice structure and a porous body filled in pores of the three-dimensional lattice structure, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, establishing a three-dimensional lattice structure model by using three-dimensional modeling software;
step two, establishing a porous body model according to the internal pore area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one;
combining the three-dimensional lattice structure model established in the step one and the porous body model established in the step two to obtain a porous tungsten material model, and then carrying out layering processing along the height direction of the porous tungsten material model to obtain layering data; each layer obtained by the layering treatment comprises an area belonging to the three-dimensional lattice structure model and an area belonging to the porous body model;
step four, guiding the porous tungsten material model subjected to the layering treatment in the step three into electron beam selective melting forming equipment, then respectively inputting forming parameters of a three-dimensional lattice structure model and a porous body model, then filling tungsten powder into a powder box of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment with the input forming parameters, leveling a forming bottom plate of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and vacuumizing a forming cavity of the electron beam selective melting forming equipment until the vacuum degree of the forming cavity is less than 1 x 10-2Pa, preheating the forming bottom plate by adopting an electron beam;
step five, spreading the tungsten powder filled into the powder box in the step four on the preheated forming bottom plate in the step four, selectively melting the tungsten powder in the area of the three-dimensional lattice structure model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the three-dimensional lattice structure model input in the step four according to the layering data obtained in the step three, selectively sintering the tungsten powder in the area of the porous body model in each layer by using the electron beam and by using the forming parameters of the porous body model input in the step four to form a single-layer solid sheet layer, and descending the forming bottom plate; the powder spreading thickness of the tungsten powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices in the step three;
step six, repeating the powder laying, selective scanning melting, selective sintering and forming bottom plate descending processes in the step five until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a porous tungsten material forming part;
and step seven, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 100 ℃, introducing protective gas into a forming cavity of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment to accelerate the cooling process, when the temperature of the bottom plate of the selective electron beam melting and forming equipment is reduced to be below 50 ℃, taking out a porous tungsten material forming piece, and then removing residual powder in the porous tungsten material forming piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the porous tungsten material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of each slice obtained by the layering process in step three is 30 μm to 100 μm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten powder in the fourth step is spherical or nearly spherical tungsten powder with a particle size of less than 150 μm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preheated forming substrate in step four has a temperature of 400-800 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameters for forming the three-dimensional lattice structure model in step four are: the scanning current is 11 mA-15 mA, the scanning speed is 0.1 m/s-0.2 m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameters for forming the porous body model in step four are: the scanning current is 8 mA-10 mA, the scanning speed is 0.3 m/s-0.5 m/s, and the line deflection distance is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm.
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