CN109261756B - Titanium alloy revolving body component and shape correcting method and forming method thereof - Google Patents
Titanium alloy revolving body component and shape correcting method and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109261756B CN109261756B CN201811270810.3A CN201811270810A CN109261756B CN 109261756 B CN109261756 B CN 109261756B CN 201811270810 A CN201811270810 A CN 201811270810A CN 109261756 B CN109261756 B CN 109261756B
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
The invention relates to a titanium alloy revolving body component and a shape correcting method and a forming method thereof, belonging to the technical field of titanium alloy material forming. The method comprises the steps of preparing a titanium alloy solid of revolution component blank; turning the inner surface of the titanium alloy revolving body member blank to obtain a blank with an inner hole matched with the designed shape; assembling a shape correcting die into an inner hole of a machined blank, wherein a gap is formed between the shape correcting die and the blank, and the thermal expansion coefficient of a material used by the shape correcting die is larger than that of the titanium alloy; and heating, utilizing the thermal expansion coefficient difference to correct the blank, cooling, and removing the correction die to obtain the corrected titanium alloy revolving body component blank. The invention can accurately and uniformly control the deformation of the component, has higher dimensional accuracy after shape correction, can reach +/-0.2 mm, and has no obvious rebound phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a titanium alloy revolving body component and a shape correcting method and a forming method thereof, belonging to the technical field of titanium alloy material forming.
Background
The titanium alloy rotating body part comprises a plurality of structures such as a barrel shape (shown in figure 1 b), a cone shape (shown in figure 1 c) and a cone-barrel composite shape (shown in figure 1 c), and is widely applied to parts such as pipelines, shells and the like.
Depending on the specific structural dimensions, such components can be produced by means of precision casting, hot isostatic pressure powder metallurgy and forging machining. During the production process, particularly during the development process of test pieces, structural and dimensional deviations of the components often appear, such as radial dimensions or a certain degree of taper deviation, as shown in fig. 2, and for cylindrical components, the problem that the target configuration a is shrunk inwards to form an actual component b in the middle or the target component a is shrunk inwards to form the actual component b in the whole is often caused during the forming process.
At present, in the process of forming a titanium alloy revolving body component, an external pressing die is generally manufactured according to the structure and size deviation of a component blank, and the component blank is pressed from the outer side of the component blank to deform, so that the shape correction is realized, and the component with the structure and size matched with the design requirements is obtained.
In the existing titanium alloy revolving body component forming method, mechanical load needs to be applied to adjust the shape during shape correction, and after the mechanical load is unloaded, the component rebounds, the shape correction precision is uncontrollable, and the product size precision consistency is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a titanium alloy revolving body component, a shape correcting method and a forming method thereof, the method can accurately and uniformly control the deformation of the component, the size precision after shape correction is higher, the size precision can reach +/-0.2 mm, and no obvious rebound phenomenon exists.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for correcting a titanium alloy solid of revolution component comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a titanium alloy revolving body component blank;
(2) turning the inner surface of the titanium alloy revolving body member blank to obtain a blank with an inner hole matched with the designed shape;
(3) assembling a shape correcting die into an inner hole of a machined blank, wherein a gap is formed between the shape correcting die and the blank, and the thermal expansion coefficient of a material used by the shape correcting die is larger than that of the titanium alloy;
(4) and heating, utilizing the thermal expansion coefficient difference to correct the blank, cooling, and removing the correction die to obtain the corrected titanium alloy revolving body component blank.
In an alternative embodiment, the material used for the sizing die is 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel.
In an optional embodiment, in the step (3), when m is greater than 8.4%, t is 0.1 ± 0.05mm, and when m is less than or equal to 8.4%, t is (-583.3 × m +5.0) ± 0.05mm, where m is a ratio of a maximum deformation amount of an outer diameter of the titanium alloy rotator member blank to a designed dimension of the outer diameter of the titanium alloy rotator member, and t is a gap between the sizing die and the lathed blank at a position where a wall thickness of the lathed blank is thinnest.
In an optional embodiment, in the step (3), the shape of the sizing die is matched with the shape of the inner hole of the blank, and the diameter D1 of the sizing die is D-2t-2.006 Δ D, where D is the inner diameter of the lathed blank, and Δ D is the thickness difference of the lathed blank from the thinnest part of the wall thickness.
In an optional embodiment, in the step (4), the blank is corrected by utilizing the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the correction die and the blank at 880-920 ℃ for 1-4 h.
In an optional embodiment, after the shaping in step (4), the method further includes:
and when the deviation between the outer diameter value of each part of the corrected blank and the outer diameter design size of the corresponding titanium alloy revolving body component is larger than 0.3mm, preparing a correction die again according to the inner diameter of the corrected blank, and correcting by using the prepared correction die again.
In an optional embodiment, after the shaping in step (4), the method further includes:
and when the deviation between the outer diameter value of the local position of the blank after the shape correction and the outer diameter design size of the corresponding titanium alloy revolving body component is larger than 0.3mm, arranging a metal sheet on the shape correction die corresponding to the local position, and performing shape correction again by using the shape correction die provided with the metal sheet.
In an alternative embodiment, the titanium alloy solid of revolution component has a design wall thickness of not more than 20mm and a design outer diameter of 150-1200 mm.
A method for molding a titanium alloy solid of revolution component comprises the following steps:
preparing a blank of the corrected titanium alloy revolving body component by the method;
and performing finish machining on the inner wall of the corrected titanium alloy revolving body component blank to obtain the titanium alloy revolving body component.
The titanium alloy revolving body component prepared by the method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for correcting the titanium alloy revolving body component, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the blank of the titanium alloy revolving body component is corrected by adopting the built-in correction die and utilizing the difference value of the thermal expansion coefficients of the correction die and the titanium alloy component, no mechanical load is required to be applied, the structural deformation caused by component resilience is avoided, meanwhile, the deformation of the component can be accurately and uniformly controlled by controlling the size of the external surface of the correction die, the size precision after correction is higher, the size can reach +/-0.2 mm, and no obvious resilience phenomenon exists;
(2) in the embodiment of the invention, the material used by the shape correcting die is 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel, the material has higher strength and oxidation resistance at high temperature, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the material has good matching property with that of titanium alloy, thereby not only ensuring higher thermal expansion coefficient difference in a high-temperature region, but also ensuring smaller thermal expansion coefficient difference at normal temperature, and avoiding component damage caused by rapid expansion of the shape correcting die in the heating process;
(3) the method can ensure that the sizing die and the blank are assembled at normal temperature, and can ensure that the sizing die and the blank are attached in the sizing process, thereby being beneficial to sizing implementation;
(4) the sizing die ensures that the amount of expansion is matched with the amount of deformation, and applies a large amount of expansion at a place where the amount of deformation is large and a small amount of expansion at a place where the amount of deformation is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a titanium alloy rotor member;
FIG. 2 is a deformation occurring during the forming of a titanium alloy rotary part;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blank before and after inner wall turning provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pre-and post-lathing blank and its assembly with a sizing die according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a pre-and post-lathing blank and its assembly with a sizing die according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a deviation situation after primary calibration and a readjustment of a calibration die according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sizing die according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating a titanium alloy solid of revolution component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calibrating a titanium alloy solid of revolution component, including the following steps:
step (1) preparing a titanium alloy revolving body component blank;
specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy revolving body component blank can be prepared by adopting the modes of precision casting, hot isostatic pressing powder metallurgy, forging piece machining and the like, and the prepared blank generally has a machining allowance of 3-20 mm;
step (2) turning the inner surface of the titanium alloy revolving body component blank to obtain a blank with an inner hole matched with the designed shape;
specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the shape matching refers to a shape consistent with a designed inner hole of a titanium alloy revolving body component, and the inner diameter is smaller than or consistent with a designed size, preferably smaller than the designed size, so as to facilitate subsequent finish machining;
in an alternative embodiment, during lathing, the wall thickness of the blank remains 1mm-5mm of subsequent machining allowance, and the inner wall of the blank is lathed into a smooth cylindrical surface, fig. 3a is a schematic diagram before and after lathing of the component shown in fig. 2a, and fig. 3b is a schematic diagram before and after lathing of the component shown in fig. 2 b; as shown in fig. 3, during the turning process, the deviation of the dimension position at each position on the outer wall surface of the component blank is measured at any time, and the coaxiality of the inner wall and the outer wall after the turning is not more than the design coaxiality requirement of the component is ensured;
(3) assembling a correction die into an inner hole of the lathed blank, wherein a gap is formed between the correction die and the blank, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the material used by the correction die is greater than that of the titanium alloy;
specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the shape of the calibration die is matched with the shape of the inner hole of the lathed blank, and the size of the calibration die is slightly smaller than the size of the inner hole, where fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the member shown in fig. 2a after lathing and after assembling the calibration die 1, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the member shown in fig. 2b after lathing and after assembling the calibration die 1;
(4) and heating, utilizing the thermal expansion coefficient difference to correct the blank, cooling, and removing the correction die to obtain the corrected titanium alloy revolving body component blank.
Specifically, during heating, the expansion amount of the correction die is larger than that of the blank, so that the inner hole of the blank deforms along with the expansion of the correction die;
according to the method for correcting the titanium alloy revolving body component, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the blank of the titanium alloy revolving body component is corrected by adopting the built-in correction die and utilizing the difference value of the thermal expansion coefficients of the correction die and the titanium alloy component, no mechanical load is required to be applied, the structural deformation caused by component resilience is avoided, meanwhile, the deformation of the component can be accurately and uniformly controlled by controlling the size of the outer surface of the correction die, the size precision after correction is higher, and the size precision can reach +/-0.2 mm, and no obvious resilience phenomenon exists.
In the embodiment of the invention, the material used by the shape correcting die is 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel, the material has high strength and oxidation resistance at high temperature, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the material has good matching property with that of titanium alloy, so that the material can ensure high thermal expansion coefficient difference in a high-temperature region, can ensure small thermal expansion coefficient difference at normal temperature, and can avoid component damage caused by rapid expansion of the shape correcting die in the heating process.
In an optional embodiment, in the step (3), when m is greater than 8.4%, t is 0.1 ± 0.05mm, when m is less than or equal to 8.4%, t is (-583.3 × m +5.0) ± 0.05mm, wherein m is a ratio of the maximum deformation of the outer diameter of the titanium alloy rotator member blank to the designed dimension of the outer diameter of the titanium alloy rotator member, and t is a gap between the sizing die and the lathed blank at the position where the lathed blank has the thinnest wall thickness.
In an optional embodiment, in the step (3), the shape of the sizing die is matched with the shape of the inner hole of the blank, and the diameter D1 of the sizing die is D-2t-2.006 Δ D, where D is the inner diameter of the lathed blank, and Δ D is the thickness difference of the lathed blank from the thinnest part of the wall thickness. The sizing die ensures that the amount of expansion is matched with the amount of deformation, and applies a large amount of expansion at a place where the amount of deformation is large and a small amount of expansion at a place where the amount of deformation is small.
In an optional embodiment, when m is less than or equal to 8.4 per mill, the step (4) is carried out at 880-920 ℃ for 1-4h, and the blank is corrected by utilizing the thermal expansion coefficient difference, so that the dimensional accuracy after correction is high, can reach +/-0.2 mm, and no obvious springback phenomenon exists.
In another alternative embodiment, when m is greater than 8.4%, after the sizing in step (4), the method further includes:
when the deviation between the outer diameter value of each part of the corrected blank and the outer diameter design size of the corresponding titanium alloy revolving body component is larger than 0.3mm, preparing a correction die again according to the inner diameter of the corrected blank, and correcting the shape again by using the prepared correction die according to the steps (3) and (4); specifically, the shape of the inner hole of the corrected blank is matched with the shape of the reproduced correction die, the diameter D1 'of the reproduced correction die is D' -2t '-2.006 delta D', D 'is the inner diameter of the corrected blank, and delta D' is the thickness difference between each part of the corrected blank and the thinnest part of the wall thickness; t' is the gap between the shape correcting die and the shape corrected blank at the position where the wall thickness of the shape corrected blank is thinnest; and when the shape correction is carried out again, the temperature is still kept at 880-920 ℃ for 1-4 h.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in a further alternative embodiment, after the shaping in step (4), the method further includes:
when the deviation between the outer diameter value of the local position of the blank after the shape correction and the outer diameter design size of the corresponding titanium alloy revolving body component is larger than 0.3mm, arranging a metal sheet 2 on the shape correction die corresponding to the local position, and performing shape correction again by using the shape correction die provided with the metal sheet 2. When reshaping is carried out again, the temperature is still kept at 880-920 ℃ for 1-4 h.
Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the metal sheet is preferably a stainless steel sheet, and its shape and size are determined according to the shape and size difference of the local position.
The method avoids the waste of materials and energy consumption caused by preparing the correction die again, and saves the correction cost.
In an alternative embodiment, the titanium alloy rotator member blank has a wall thickness of not more than 20mm and a diameter of 150-1200 mm.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for forming the titanium alloy revolving body component, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a titanium alloy revolution body component blank after shape correction according to the shape correction method provided by the embodiment;
and performing finish machining on the inner wall of the corrected titanium alloy revolving body component blank to obtain the titanium alloy revolving body component.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the titanium alloy revolving body component prepared by the method.
The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention:
as shown in FIG. 2b, the present embodiment provides a cylindrical titanium alloy component, which has a design inner hole size of 800mm, a coaxiality requirement of 0.2, and a design wall thickness of 5 mm;
firstly, preparing a titanium alloy component blank by a hot isostatic pressing process, wherein the wall thickness of the blank is 10mm, the m value is 5 per mill, and the blank is corrected by the following specific measures:
before shape correction, the inner wall of the blank is machined, and the inner wall is machined into a smooth cylindrical surface while the wall thickness remains 2mm of subsequent machining allowance, as shown in fig. 3 b. During the processing, the deviation of the size position of each position on the outer wall surface of the component is measured at any time, and the coaxiality of the processed inner wall and the outer wall of the product is controlled to be less than 0.2.
0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel is selected as a sizing die material, and a solid sizing die with the same diameter as that shown in figure 5 is prepared according to the measured position deviation of the blank size, wherein the outer diameter of the sizing die is 799.8 mm.
And (3) adopting a vacuum heat treatment furnace for shape correction, wherein the shape correction temperature is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and discharging the titanium alloy after furnace cooling to obtain the corrected cylindrical titanium alloy component.
Through measurement, the radial size deviation of the component corrected by the method is 0.18mm, and the use requirement of the product is met.
The present invention has not been described in detail, partly as is known to the person skilled in the art.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
The invention has not been described in detail in part of the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for correcting a titanium alloy solid of revolution component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a titanium alloy revolving body component blank;
(2) turning the inner surface of the titanium alloy revolving body member blank to obtain a blank with an inner hole matched with the designed shape;
(3) assembling a shape correcting die into an inner hole of a machined blank, wherein a gap is formed between the shape correcting die and the blank, and the thermal expansion coefficient of a material used by the shape correcting die is larger than that of the titanium alloy;
(4) heating, utilizing the thermal expansion coefficient difference to correct the blank, cooling and then removing the correction die to obtain a corrected titanium alloy revolving body component blank;
the shape correcting die is made of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel;
keeping the temperature of the step (4) at 880-920 ℃ for 1-4h, and correcting the shape of the blank by using the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the shape correcting die and the blank;
in the step (3), when m is greater than 8.4%, t is 0.1 ± 0.05mm, and when m is less than or equal to 8.4%, t is (-583.3 × m +5.0) ± 0.05mm, where m is a ratio of a maximum deformation amount of an outer diameter of the titanium alloy rotation body member blank to a design size of the outer diameter of the titanium alloy rotation body member, and t is a gap between the sizing die and the turned blank at a position where the wall thickness of the turned blank is the thinnest;
in the step (3), the shape of the sizing die is matched with the shape of the inner hole of the blank, and the diameter of the sizing die D1 is D-2t-2.006 delta D, wherein D is the inner diameter of the lathed blank, and delta D is the thickness difference between each part of the lathed blank and the thinnest part of the wall thickness.
2. The method of sizing a titanium alloy rotor member according to claim 1, further comprising, after the sizing in step (4):
and when the deviation between the outer diameter value of each part of the corrected blank and the outer diameter design size of the corresponding titanium alloy revolving body component is larger than 0.3mm, preparing a correction die again according to the inner diameter of the corrected blank, and correcting by using the prepared correction die again.
3. The method of sizing a titanium alloy rotor member according to claim 1, further comprising, after the sizing in step (4):
and when the deviation between the outer diameter value of the local position of the blank after the shape correction and the outer diameter design size of the corresponding titanium alloy revolving body component is larger than 0.3mm, arranging a metal sheet on the shape correction die corresponding to the local position, and performing shape correction again by using the shape correction die provided with the metal sheet.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the titanium alloy solid of revolution component has a design wall thickness of not more than 20mm and a design outer diameter of 150-1200 mm.
5. A method for forming a titanium alloy solid of revolution component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a corrected titanium alloy rotor member blank according to the method of any one of claims 1-4;
and performing finish machining on the inner wall of the corrected titanium alloy revolving body component blank to obtain the titanium alloy revolving body component.
6. A titanium alloy solid of revolution component prepared by the method of claim 5.
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| US3986654A (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1976-10-19 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Method for making tubular members and product thereof |
| JP2768118B2 (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1998-06-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Straightening method of cylindrical work |
| US5443785A (en) * | 1994-01-03 | 1995-08-22 | Xerox Corporation | Method of treating seamless belt substrates and carriers therefor |
| CN104475495A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-01 | 西安航天动力机械厂 | Reshaping method for barrel with diameter greater than 1 meter |
| CN105290163B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-03-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of straightening method of titanium alloy cylindrical spinning part |
| CN105312367B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-07-28 | 上海电机学院 | The straightening method of high strength steel circular thin-wall forging |
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