CN109256977B - Multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit - Google Patents
Multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109256977B CN109256977B CN201811250342.3A CN201811250342A CN109256977B CN 109256977 B CN109256977 B CN 109256977B CN 201811250342 A CN201811250342 A CN 201811250342A CN 109256977 B CN109256977 B CN 109256977B
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit. The high-voltage DC power supply comprises high-voltage energy storage capacitors C1-C6, diodes D1-D10, switch tubes K1-K16, a DC power supply Vin and a load R. The high-voltage pulse topological structure is a modular circuit structure, and more identical modules can be added according to the requirement to achieve the required effect. Under the condition of adding a direct current power supply, the multi-waveform pulse voltage can be generated under the control of the external operation control circuit U1, the electrical characteristics of the required pulse voltage can be adjusted according to the requirement, and various pulse electrical parameters can be flexibly adjusted. The circuit provided by the invention can realize good switching between low-voltage large current and high-voltage small current, and the pulse shape, the pulse frequency, the pulse width and the pulse number can be well adjusted. The invention adopts the principle of charging and discharging a capacitor to generate pulse voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage pulse generators, relates to a circuit, and particularly relates to a multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit which is suitable for various occasions needing pulse voltage, in particular to the occasions needing wide range of change from low voltage to high voltage and various pulse waveforms. Such as tumor treatment, food preservation, sewage treatment, electrostatic precipitation, high-pressure forming and the like.
Background
The pulse power technology is a technology that stores energy and then releases the energy to a load in a single pulse or a pulse with a repetition frequency, and is widely applied to industry, agriculture, medicine and basic subject research. For example, pulsed electric fields are one of the pulsed power techniques. The pulse electric field is a new non-thermal sterilization technology, and it treats liquid, semi-solid, etc. with higher electric field strength, shorter pulse width, number of pulses and pulse frequency. Among them, the cell electroporation phenomenon is a good application of the pulse electric field in treating tumors. The electric pulse is locally applied to tumor cells to increase the permeability of the cells, so that the cells show a perforation phenomenon, and then medicines which cannot enter the cells under normal conditions are delivered into the cells to achieve the purpose of treatment. For malignant tumor, the malignant tumor cells can be irreversibly perforated under the action of the pulsed electric field by enhancing the electric field intensity, the pulse width, the pulse number and the like, so that the aim of killing the malignant tumor cells is fulfilled. For pulsed power techniques to be used for the treatment of tumor cells, electrical equipment instruments are required that are capable of generating a variety of pulsed high voltages. In many applications, various pulse voltages are often required, such as pulses requiring low voltage and large current, pulses requiring high voltage and small current, pulse voltages of various shapes, and large adjustable range of pulse voltage.
However, as far as the present situation is concerned, few electric apparatuses have the above-described functions at the same time, and generally can realize a single function. There are three main ways of generating high voltage pulses: firstly, a pulse transformer is used for inverting low-voltage direct current into high-voltage pulses, the method can generate pulses with higher voltage amplitude, but pulse voltages in various shapes are difficult to generate, and strong electromagnetic interference is easy to generate to the external environment; the second mode is to generate pulse voltage by a transmission line, which can generate high-voltage pulse with nanosecond pulse width, because the transmission line utilizes inductor and capacitor to generate pulse, it is obvious that the inductor has strong inhibiting effect on current, and it is difficult to generate pulse with low voltage and large current. And it is difficult to produce the pulse of various wave forms too like the pulse transformer, easy to produce the strong electromagnetic interference to the external environment too; the third method is to charge and store energy in the pulse energy storage capacitor through a high-voltage direct-current power supply, and then discharge the energy storage capacitor by using a high-voltage switch to form high-voltage pulses, and the method can only form unipolar pulses basically.
Traditional pulse generator adopts analog circuit to build more, leads to control complicacy, and stability is difficult to guarantee. The pulse generator provided by the invention adopts the fixed pulse unit, can conveniently generate various types of pulses, even combine the required pulses, and the control parts corresponding to different pulse generation are only a string of binary digits.
The invention adopts a new circuit topological structure, realizes synchronous charging of the capacitor in the charging and discharging process, has smooth output waveform and greatly prolongs the service life of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The multi-waveform pulse generator circuit U0 provided by the invention specifically comprises: high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1, high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2, high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3, high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4, high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5, high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6, diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D7, diode D8, diode D9, diode D10, switch tube K1, switch tube K2, switch tube K3, switch tube K4, switch tube K5, switch tube K6, switch tube K7, switch tube K8, switch tube K9, switch tube K10, switch tube K11, switch tube K12, switch tube K13, switch tube K14, switch tube K15, switch tube K16, DC power supply and load R. The model of the switching tube K1, the switching tube K2, the switching tube K3, the switching tube K4, the switching tube K5, the switching tube K6, the switching tube K7, the switching tube K8, the switching tube K9, the switching tube K10, the switching tube K11, the switching tube K12, the switching tube K13, the switching tube K14, the switching tube K15 and the switching tube K16 is 2SK 1358. The model number of the diode D1, the diode D2, the diode D3, the diode D4, the diode D5, the diode D6, the diode D7, the diode D8, the diode D9 and the diode D10 is MUR 1560. The model of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 and the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is CBB 105/630V.
One end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with a cathode of a diode D1 and a drain of a switch tube K4, the other end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with a drain of a switch tube K1, one end of a load resistor R, a source of a switch tube K15 and a source of a switch tube K16, one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2 is connected with a cathode of a diode D2 and a drain of a switch tube K5, the other end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2 is connected with a source of a switch tube K4, an anode of a diode D4 and a drain of a switch tube K2, one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3 is connected with a cathode of a diode D3 and a drain of a switch tube K6, the other end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3 is connected with an anode of a diode D5, a source of a switch tube K5, a source of a switch tube K7 and a drain of a switch tube K3, a cathode of the diode D36; one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of a diode D6 and the drain of a switch tube K15, the other end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4 is connected with the anode of a diode D10, the drain of a switch tube K9, the source of a switch tube K14 and the source of a switch tube K13, the cathode of the diode D10 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K16, and the cathode of the diode D9 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K14; one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7 and the drain of the switch tube K13, the other end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 is connected with the anode of the diode D9, the drain of the switch tube K10 and the source of the switch tube K12, one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is connected with the cathode of the diode D8 and the drain of the switch tube K12, the other end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is connected with the drain of the switch tube K11, the other end of the load resistor R, the source of the switch tube K8 and the source of the switch tube K6, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the power source Vin, the anode of the diode D2, the anode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D6, the anode of the diode; the negative electrode of the power source Vin is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube K1, the source electrode of the switch tube K2, the source electrode of the switch tube K3, the source electrode of the switch tube K9, the source electrode of the switch tube K10, the source electrode of the switch tube K11 and the ground wire.
Under the condition of adding a direct current power supply, the multi-waveform pulse voltage can be generated under the control of the external operation control circuit U1, the electrical characteristics of the required pulse voltage can be adjusted according to the requirement, and various pulse electrical parameters can be flexibly adjusted. The circuit provided by the invention can realize good switching between low-voltage large current and high-voltage small current, and the pulse shape, the pulse frequency, the pulse width and the pulse number can be well adjusted. The invention adopts the principle of charging and discharging a capacitor to generate pulse voltage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention can flexibly switch between low-voltage pulse and high-voltage pulse according to the requirement, is suitable for occasions needing low-voltage pulse and high-voltage pulse at the same time, and is certainly suitable for occasions needing low-voltage pulse or high-voltage pulse.
The high-voltage pulse topological structure is a modular circuit structure, and more identical modules can be added according to the requirement to achieve the required effect.
The invention can generate unipolar pulse, bipolar pulse, triangular step pulse and irregular pulse waveform according to the requirement.
The circuit structure of the invention can ensure that the capacitors synchronously reach a full-charge state, avoids the situation that some capacitors are full and some are not full in the prior system, greatly improves the utilization rate of the capacitors, and simultaneously avoids the system failure caused by the over-heavy burden of the local capacitors.
The generated different pulse waveforms can be flexibly switched, and the pulse width, the pulse frequency, the pulse number and the pulse amplitude can be freely adjusted.
The multi-waveform pulse generator topological structure provided by the invention is used for charging a plurality of high-voltage energy storage capacitors connected in parallel together and then discharging the high-voltage energy storage capacitors in series, so that the output pulse can achieve the function of voltage doubling.
The circuit topology is formed by adopting the capacitor, the diode and the switch tube, so the electromagnetic compatibility of the circuit is good.
The circuit topology structure is simple, the control is flexible, safe and reliable, and the universality is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit topology diagram of the high voltage pulse generator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of charging a high-voltage energy storage capacitor according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of discharge of a high voltage energy storage capacitor to form unipolar pulses.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor discharging in series to form a unipolar pulse.
Fig. 6 is a minimum module of the topology of the high voltage pulse generator circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the overall structure of the present invention is that the multi-waveform pulse generator circuit U0 of the present invention is connected to the external operation control circuit U1, the high voltage dc power supply module U2 and the load U3. In the invention, the multi-waveform pulse generator circuit U0 is a core part of the invention, and the operation control circuit U1, the high-voltage direct-current power supply module U2 and the load U3 are only required to be included in order to be matched with the pulse generator circuit U0 to work.
As shown in fig. 2, the multi-waveform pulse generator circuit U0 of the present invention includes a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6, a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a diode D5, a diode D6, a diode D7, a diode D8, a diode D9, a diode D10, a switching tube K1, a switching tube K2, a switching tube K3, a switching tube K4, a switching tube K5, a switching tube K6, a switching tube K7, a switching tube K8, a switching tube K9, a switching tube K10, a switching tube K11, a switching tube K12, a switching tube K13, a switching tube K14, a switching tube K15, a switching tube K16, a dc power supply and. The model of the switching tube K1, the switching tube K2, the switching tube K3, the switching tube K4, the switching tube K5, the switching tube K6, the switching tube K7, the switching tube K8, the switching tube K9, the switching tube K10, the switching tube K11, the switching tube K12, the switching tube K13, the switching tube K14, the switching tube K15 and the switching tube K16 is 2SK 1358. The model number of the diode D1, the diode D2, the diode D3, the diode D4, the diode D5, the diode D6, the diode D7, the diode D8, the diode D9 and the diode D10 is MUR 1560. The model of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 and the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is CBB 105/630V.
One end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with a cathode of a diode D1 and a drain of a switch tube K4, the other end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with a drain of a switch tube K1, one end of a load resistor R, a source of a switch tube K15 and a source of a switch tube K16, one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2 is connected with a cathode of a diode D2 and a drain of a switch tube K5, the other end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2 is connected with a source of a switch tube K4, an anode of a diode D4 and a drain of a switch tube K2, one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3 is connected with a cathode of a diode D3 and a drain of a switch tube K6, the other end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3 is connected with an anode of a diode D5, a source of a switch tube K5, a source of a switch tube K7 and a drain of a switch tube K3, a cathode of the diode D36; one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of a diode D6 and the drain of a switch tube K15, the other end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4 is connected with the anode of a diode D10, the drain of a switch tube K9, the source of a switch tube K14 and the source of a switch tube K13, the cathode of the diode D10 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K16, and the cathode of the diode D9 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K14; one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7 and the drain of the switch tube K13, the other end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 is connected with the anode of the diode D9, the drain of the switch tube K10 and the source of the switch tube K12, one end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is connected with the cathode of the diode D8 and the drain of the switch tube K12, the other end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is connected with the drain of the switch tube K11, the other end of the load resistor R, the source of the switch tube K8 and the source of the switch tube K6, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the power source Vin, the anode of the diode D2, the anode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D6, the anode of the diode; the negative electrode of the power source Vin is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube K1, the source electrode of the switch tube K2, the source electrode of the switch tube K3, the source electrode of the switch tube K9, the source electrode of the switch tube K10, the source electrode of the switch tube K11 and the ground wire.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the pulse generator circuit of the present invention can be divided into two operating states: the charging state of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor and the discharging state of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor. As shown in fig. 3, the charging state of the high voltage storage capacitor is used to provide a source of energy for pulse formation, and the discharging state of the high voltage storage capacitor is used to form the desired high voltage pulse. Since the pulse generator of the present invention can be formed in various pulse shapes, it cannot be completely described herein, but can be described by only a few typical pulse waveforms, which are unipolar pulses, bipolar pulses, and triangular step pulses, respectively.
As shown in fig. 3, the charging state:
when control signals K1, K2, K3, K9, K10 and K11 from the operation control circuit U1 are high-level (K1 ═ K2 ═ K3 ═ 1, and logic signals), K3, and K3 are low-level (K3 ═ K360, and logic signals), the power supply supplies a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3, C → C3, and C → C3, respectively, and C → C3, and C are charging diodes; vin positive pole → diode D2 → storage capacitor C2 → switching tube K2 → Vin negative pole (ground), as shown by dashed line Ic2 in fig. 3, Ic2 is the charging current for storage capacitor C2; vin positive pole → diode D3 → storage capacitor C3 → switching tube K3 → Vin negative pole (ground), as shown by dashed line Ic3 in fig. 3, Ic3 is the charging current for storage capacitor C3; vin positive pole → diode D6 → storage capacitor C4 → switching tube K9 → Vin negative pole (ground), as shown by dashed line Ic4 in fig. 3, Ic4 is the charging current for storage capacitor C4; vin positive pole → diode D7 → storage capacitor C5 → switching tube K10 → Vin negative pole (ground), as shown by dashed line Ic5 in fig. 3, Ic5 is the charging current for storage capacitor C5; vin positive pole → diode D8 → storage capacitor C6 → switching tube K11 → Vin negative pole (ground), as shown by dashed line Ic6 in fig. 3, Ic6 is the charging current for storage capacitor C6; the voltages charged on the energy storage capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 are all equal to the dc power voltage Vin.
As shown in fig. 4, in the discharge state:
and (3) a pulse forming process: when the control signals K4, K7, and K8 from the operation control circuit U1 are high level, and K1, K2, K3, K5, K6, K9, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, and K16 are low level. The high-voltage energy-storage capacitor C1 discharges to the load R, and when the discharge time to the load R is relatively short, it can be considered that a pulse waveform can be obtained at both ends of the load R, and a specific discharge circuit is the upper end of C1 → D4 → the switching tube K7 → the switching tube K8 → the right end of the load R → the left end of the load R → the lower end of C1, as shown by a dotted line in fig. 4, a discharge schematic diagram of the capacitor C1 is shown. The capacitor C1 discharges the load R, so that a right positive and left negative pulse voltage is obtained across the load, the amplitude of the pulse voltage being equal to the dc supply voltage Vin. The pulse width and pulse frequency depend on the pulse width and pulse frequency of K4, K7, and K8. If a pulse waveform with larger voltage is needed, the capacitor is only required to be connected in series for discharging by controlling the switch tube. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the series discharge of the capacitors C1, C2, and C3. When the control signals K4, K5 and K6 from the operation control circuit U1 are at a high level and K1, K2, K3, K7, K8, K9, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15 and K16 are at a low level, as seen from the broken line in fig. 5, the capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series to discharge the load R, and a specific discharge circuit is C1 upper end → switching tube K4 → C2 lower end → C2 upper end → switching tube K5 → C3 lower end → switching tube K6 → load R right end → load R left end → C1 lower end. Through the serial discharge of the capacitors C1, C2 and C3, a right positive and left negative pulse voltage with the amplitude of 3Vin can be obtained on the load R. Because the pulse generator circuit provided by the invention is a modular circuit topology structure, more minimum modules can be connected in parallel to obtain the pulse voltage with larger voltage amplitude. Fig. 6 shows a minimum module circuit in the circuit topology structure of the present invention, and the minimum module circuit can be connected in parallel to obtain a voltage with a larger pulse amplitude and a richer pulse waveform. The minimum module comprises a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C, diodes D-1 and D-2 and switching tubes S1, S2 and S3. The high-voltage energy storage capacitor C is used for storing energy and then releasing the energy to obtain a pulse, the capacitor is charged by opening the switch tube S1, the switch tubes S2 and S3 are opened to discharge the capacitor, the diode D-1 is used for preventing the capacitor from discharging in the charging direction when discharging, the switch tube is not an ideal switch tube, namely the switch tube is not immediately turned on when being turned on and is not immediately turned off when being turned off, and the turning on and the turning off both require certain time, because of the non-ideality of the switch tube, the switch tubes S2 and S3 are simultaneously in the turning-on state, when the switch tubes are simultaneously turned on, the capacitor is obviously discharged to the capacitor through the switch tubes S2 and S3, the situation is not expected, for the general processing method for the situation is to add dead time to the switch tube, for example, when the switch tube S3 is turned off, the switch tube S2 is turned on after being delayed for a few microseconds, the specific time delay depends on the type of the switch tube and the specific condition of the circuit. The invention is realized by a hardware method, namely dead time does not need to be added to the switching tube, and the capacitor does not discharge to the self even if the switching tubes S2 and S3 are in a simultaneous on state, as shown in FIG. 6, the diode D-2 has the function of preventing the capacitor C from discharging to the self when the switching tubes S2 and S3 are simultaneously on. The specific principle is that by using the one-way conductivity of the diode, assuming that the switching tubes S2 and S3 are both in the on state, as can be seen from fig. 6, the cathode of the diode D-2 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C, the anode of the diode D-2 is connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor C, and when the anode voltage of the diode is higher than the cathode voltage of the diode, the diode can be normally turned on, so that the diode D-2 cannot be turned on, the capacitor C cannot discharge electricity to itself, and the dead time function is achieved.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit is a modular circuit topology structure, and pulse voltage with larger voltage amplitude is obtained by connecting more minimum module circuits in parallel, and the circuit is characterized by comprising the following steps: a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6, a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a diode D5, a diode D6, a diode D7, a diode D8, a diode D9, a diode D10, a switch tube K1, a switch tube K2, a switch tube K3, a switch tube K4, a switch tube K5, a switch tube K6, a switch tube K7, a switch tube K8, a switch tube K9, a switch tube K10, a switch tube K11, a switch tube K12, a switch tube K13, a switch tube K14, a switch tube K15, a switch tube K16, a DC power supply and a load R;
the upper end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with the cathode of a diode D1 and the drain of a switch tube K4, the lower end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K1, the left end of a load R, the source of a switch tube K15 and the source of a switch tube K16, the upper end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2 and the drain of a switch tube K5, the lower end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2 is connected with the source of a switch tube K4, the anode of a diode D4 and the drain of a switch tube K2, the upper end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode of a diode D3 and the drain of a switch tube K6, the lower end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3 is connected with the anode of a diode D5, the source of a switch tube K5, the source of a switch tube K7 and the drain of a switch tube K3, the cathode of the diode D36; the upper end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of a diode D6 and the drain of a switch tube K15, the lower end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4 is connected with the anode of a diode D10, the drain of a switch tube K9, the source of a switch tube K14 and the source of a switch tube K13, the cathode of the diode D10 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K16, and the cathode of the diode D9 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K14; the upper end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of a diode D7 and the drain of a switch tube K13, the lower end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 is connected with the anode of a diode D9, the drain of a switch tube K10 and the source of a switch tube K12, the upper end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is connected with the cathode of a diode D8 and the drain of a switch tube K12, the lower end of a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is connected with the drain of a switch tube K11, the right end of a load R, the source of a switch tube K8 and the source of a switch tube K6, the anode of a diode D1 is connected with the anode of a power source Vin, the anode of a diode D2, the anode of a diode D3, the anode of a diode D6, the anode of; the negative electrode of the power source Vin is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube K1, the source electrode of the switch tube K2, the source electrode of the switch tube K3, the source electrode of the switch tube K9, the source electrode of the switch tube K10, the source electrode of the switch tube K11 and the ground wire;
the working process is as follows:
the circuit is divided into two working states: the charging state of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor and the discharging state of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor; the charging state of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor is used for providing an energy source for pulse formation, and the discharging state of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor is used for forming required high-voltage pulses;
the state of charge is as follows:
when the control signal of the control circuit U1 regulates, the direct current power supply charges the high-voltage energy storage capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6, wherein the control signals on the switching tubes K1, K2, K3, K9, K10 and K11 are at high level, and the control signals on the switching tubes K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K12, K13, K14, K15 and K16 are at low level; the loop for charging the energy storage capacitor C1 is: vin positive pole → diode D1 → storage capacitor C1 → switching tube K1 → Vin negative pole; the loop for charging the energy storage capacitor C2 is: vin positive pole → diode D2 → storage capacitor C2 → switching tube K2 → Vin negative pole; loop to charge the storage capacitor C3: vin positive pole → diode D3 → storage capacitor C3 → switching tube K3 → Vin negative pole; loop to charge the storage capacitor C4: vin positive pole → diode D6 → storage capacitor C4 → switching tube K9 → Vin negative pole; loop to charge the storage capacitor C5: vin positive pole → diode D7 → storage capacitor C5 → switching tube K10 → Vin negative pole; loop to charge the storage capacitor C6: vin positive pole → diode D8 → storage capacitor C6 → switching tube K11 → Vin negative pole; the voltages charged on the energy storage capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 are equal to the voltage of the direct-current power Vin;
and (3) discharging state:
when the control signal applied to the switching tubes K4, K7 and K8 by the control circuit U1 is high level, the control signals applied to the switching tubes K1, K2, K3, K5, K6, K9, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15 and K16 are low level; the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1 discharges to the load R, when the discharge time of the load R is relatively short, a pulse waveform can be obtained at two ends of the load R, and a specific discharge loop is the upper end of C1 → the switching tube K4 → D4 → the switching tube K7 → D5 → the switching tube K8 → the right end of the load R → the left end of the load R → the lower end of C1; discharging the load R through the capacitor C1, and obtaining a right positive and left negative pulse voltage at two ends of the load R, wherein the amplitude of the pulse voltage is equal to the voltage of the direct-current power supply Vin; the pulse width and the pulse frequency depend on the pulse width and the pulse frequency of K4, K7 and K8; if a pulse waveform with larger voltage is needed, the capacitor is only required to be connected in series for discharging by controlling the switch tube; the capacitors C1, C2, and C3 discharge in series as follows: when the control signal applied to the switching tubes K4, K5 and K6 by the control circuit U1 is at a high level and the control signals applied to the switching tubes K1, K2, K3, K7, K8, K9, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15 and K16 are at a low level, the capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series to discharge the load R, and a specific discharge circuit is C1 upper end → switching tube K4 → C2 lower end → C2 upper end → switching tube K5 → C3 lower end → C3 upper end → switching tube K6 → load R right end → load R left end → C1 lower end; by serially discharging the capacitors C1, C2 and C3, a right positive and left negative pulse voltage with the amplitude of 3Vin can be obtained on the load R.
2. The multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the model of the switching tube K1, the switching tube K2, the switching tube K3, the switching tube K4, the switching tube K5, the switching tube K6, the switching tube K7, the switching tube K8, the switching tube K9, the switching tube K10, the switching tube K11, the switching tube K12, the switching tube K13, the switching tube K14, the switching tube K15 and the switching tube K16 is 2SK 1358; the model of the diode D1, the diode D2, the diode D3, the diode D4, the diode D5, the diode D6, the diode D7, the diode D8, the diode D9 and the diode D10 is MUR 1560; the model of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C1, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C2, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C3, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C4, the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C5 and the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C6 is CBB 105/630V.
3. The multi-level multi-waveform high-voltage pulse forming circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the minimum module circuit comprises a high-voltage energy storage capacitor C, diodes D-1 and D-2, switching tubes S1, S2 and S3; the high-voltage energy storage capacitor C is used for storing energy and then releasing the energy to obtain pulses, the capacitor is charged by opening the switch tube S1, the switch tubes S2 and S3 are opened to discharge the capacitor, the diode D-1 is used for preventing the capacitor from discharging in the charging direction when the capacitor is discharged, and the diode D-2 is used for preventing the capacitor C from discharging when the switch tubes S2 and S3 are simultaneously turned on.
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