CN109256834A - Battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge - Google Patents

Battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109256834A
CN109256834A CN201811187147.0A CN201811187147A CN109256834A CN 109256834 A CN109256834 A CN 109256834A CN 201811187147 A CN201811187147 A CN 201811187147A CN 109256834 A CN109256834 A CN 109256834A
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battery
capacity
charge
data
voltage
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CN109256834B (en
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田晟
吕清
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge, the method obtains the SOH and SOC of each single battery in battery pack first, and using the SOH*SOC of each single battery as equalizing coefficient, the direct transfevent active equalization circuit of design energy, the equalizing circuit control module being input to using equalizing coefficient as primary condition in active equalization circuit, equalizing circuit control module is according to the closure of the sequence circuit access being previously written, corresponding energy transfer channel is formed until the difference of the remaining capacity of each single battery reaches the threshold value of setting.This method can be effectively reduced negative effect of the inconsistency of battery pack to power battery power, service life, be conducive to the dynamic property for promoting pure electric automobile, economy.

Description

Battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery capacities to estimate field, and in particular to a kind of electricity based on cell health state and state-of-charge Pond group active equalization method.
Background technique
Due to manufacture and use environment etc., form battery pack capacity, voltage it is inconsistent be objective reality so that Single battery is unable to synchronous charging/discharging in battery pack, if effective equilibrium cannot be carried out to inconsistency, will affect power battery Service life and output power, and then lead to being short of power for pure electric automobile, economic performance decline.
Research for battery pack inconsistency equalization methods is broadly divided into two classes, and one kind is will be remaining by series resistance The passive equilibrium that the high battery capacity of electricity dissipates;It is another kind of, it is the active equalization shifted by energy in internal battery pack. Either passive balanced or active equalization, requires the real surplus electricity for accurately obtaining battery, and application at present is most It is the remaining capacity of battery to be indicated with state-of-charge (SOC), but SOC will accurately indicate that the premise of each battery dump energy is false Actual capacity is identical in use for fixed each single battery, not in view of the change of battery actual capacity caused by cell degradation Change.Therefore, it is necessary to be introduced into the SOH for reflecting cell degradation into the equilibrium of battery pack, the SOH of battery is the actual capacity of battery Than upper rated capacity, since the rated capacity of each single battery is identical, it can be used cell health state (SOH) reflection each The actual capacity of single battery, in conjunction with the state-of-charge of battery, the residue for calculating single battery that can be more accurate is electric Amount.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to improve the precision of existing estimation method of battery dump energy, and in such remaining battery On the basis of electricity estimation method, a kind of battery pack active equalization side based on cell health state and state-of-charge is provided Method, the method using SOH*SOC as equalizing coefficient (Equal Coefficient) estimate cell degradation after residual capacity, with The equalizing coefficient of each single battery is as balanced index, so that equalizing coefficient, that is, each battery dump energy difference after equilibrium The different threshold value for reaching setting overcomes the problem low with SOC estimation battery dump energy precision after cell degradation.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge, the method obtain electricity first The SOH and SOC of each single battery in the group of pond, and using the SOH*SOC of each single battery as equalizing coefficient, design energy is straight Transfevent active equalization circuit is connect, is input to the control of the equalizing circuit in active equalization circuit for equalizing coefficient as primary condition Module, equalizing circuit control module form corresponding energy transfer according to the closure for the sequence circuit access being previously written Channel is until the difference of the remaining capacity of each single battery reaches the threshold value of setting.
Further, the SOH acquisition methods of each single battery are as follows: each monomer electricity in real-time monitoring battery pack Preceding n times charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature and the corresponding battery capacity in pond are simultaneously stored in the library dataset, before record N times charging/discharging voltage, electric current, the data volume of temperature and corresponding battery capacity are excessive, to reduce operand and reducing data Reading error pre-processes data: every ten groups of data being taken to be a unit and number, the charge and discharge in per unit data in order Piezoelectric voltage, electric current, temperature and battery capacity take mean value after removal maximum value and minimum value, pre-process the per unit sequence of output Number be used as charge and discharge cycles number, corresponding data mean value is as the charging/discharging voltage of the cycle battery, electric current, temperature and appearance Amount;The initial cycles point of battery capacity prediction is set as N, selects MODEL C=f (V, I, T) of battery capacity prediction, wherein C generation Table battery capacity, V represent impulse electricity voltage, and I represents charging and discharging currents, and T represents environment temperature, determine model parameter number, root First group of data of Data preprocess, initialization model parameter are input, battery capacity with charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature data Data are that output Training Support Vector Machines SVM updates model parameter, and updated parameter is substituted into model, predicts battery capacity, Until the battery capacity finally estimated is in error range, training terminates;By the voltage, the electricity that monitor battery impulse electricity process Stream, temperature, C=f (V, I, T) model after being conducted into Support vector regression training, obtain battery in a charge and discharge in real time Capacity after electricity circulation;The battery capacity estimated is obtained into the SOH of each single battery than upper battery rated capacity, and is made For result output.
Further, the SOC acquisition methods of each single battery are as follows: by single battery each in battery pack with first Beginning SOC value 0.1,0.2,0.3 ... 1.0 carries out multiple discharge experiment, records each single battery putting under different initial SOC values Piezoelectric voltage, then the discharge voltage that identical initial SOC value many experiments obtain is taken into mean value, it is initial at one group finally to obtain battery The table of the corresponding discharge voltage of SOC value 0.1,0.2,03 ... 1.0;Finally resulting table number is fitted using matlab or cftool According to obtaining a discharge voltage-state-of-charge relation curve;It is obtained in real time respectively by monitoring cell voltage in conjunction with matched curve The SOC of a single battery, and exported as result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1, the battery pack active equalization method provided by the invention based on cell health state and state-of-charge introduces each The SOH*SOC of single battery indicates each single battery residual charge of battery pack after aging occurs for battery as equalizing coefficient The percentage of amount, precision are higher compared with the precision of the percentage of the SOC each single battery residual charge amount indicated.
2, the battery pack active equalization method provided by the invention based on cell health state and state-of-charge, with SOH* Balanced index of the SOC balance coefficient as equalizing circuit, the residual charge amount of each single battery is more nearly after equilibrium, balanced Effect is more preferable, and the direct transfevent equalizing circuit of energy that the method proposes is, it can be achieved that direct from the high battery of remaining capacity The battery transfer low to remaining capacity, time for balance is short, and the inconsistency of battery pack can be effectively reduced to power battery power, longevity The negative effect of life is conducive to the dynamic property for promoting pure electric automobile, economy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is discharge voltage-state-of-charge graph of relation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is battery pack active equalization method process of the embodiment of the present invention based on cell health state and state-of-charge Figure.
Fig. 3 is the equalization scheme artificial circuit figure in the embodiment of the present invention by taking 4 concatenated battery packs of single battery as an example.
Fig. 4 is the control module figure of equalization scheme artificial circuit in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited In this.
Embodiment:
A kind of battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge is present embodiments provided, it is described The flow chart of method as shown in Fig. 2, obtain the SOH and SOC of each single battery in battery pack first, and with each single battery SOH*SOC as equalizing coefficient, the direct transfevent active equalization circuit of design energy is defeated using equalizing coefficient as primary condition Enter the equalizing circuit control module into active equalization circuit, equalizing circuit control module is according to the process control electricity being previously written The closure of road access forms corresponding energy transfer channel until the difference of the remaining capacity of each single battery reaches setting Threshold value.
Specifically, the SOH acquisition methods of each single battery are as follows: each single battery in real-time monitoring battery pack Preceding n times charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature and corresponding battery capacity and be stored in the library dataset, due to the preceding N of record Secondary charging/discharging voltage, electric current, the data volume of temperature and corresponding battery capacity are excessive, read to reduce operand and reducing data Error is taken, data are pre-processed: every ten groups of data being taken to be a unit and number, the charge and discharge in per unit data in order Voltage, electric current, temperature and battery capacity take mean value after removal maximum value and minimum value, pre-process the per unit serial number of output As charge and discharge cycles number, corresponding data mean value is as the charging/discharging voltage of the cycle battery, electric current, temperature and capacity; The initial cycles point of battery capacity prediction is set as N, selects MODEL C=f (V, I, T) of battery capacity prediction, wherein C represents electricity Tankage, V represent impulse electricity voltage, and I represents charging and discharging currents, and T represents environment temperature, model parameter number are determined, according to pre- First group of data of processing, initialization model parameter are input, battery capacity data with charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature data Model parameter is updated for output Training Support Vector Machines SVM, updated parameter is substituted into model, predicts battery capacity, until In error range, training terminates the battery capacity finally estimated;By the voltage, the electric current, temperature that monitor battery impulse electricity process Degree, C=f (V, I, T) model after being conducted into Support vector regression training, obtains battery in a charge and discharge cycles in real time Capacity afterwards;The battery capacity estimated is obtained into the SOH of each single battery than upper battery rated capacity, and as result Output.
The SOC acquisition methods of each single battery are as follows: by single battery each in battery pack with initial SOC value 0.1,0.2,0.3 ... 1.0 carries out multiple discharge experiment, records discharge voltage of each single battery under different initial SOC values, The discharge voltage that identical initial SOC value many experiments obtain is taken into mean value again, finally obtains battery in one group of initial SOC value 0.1, The table of 0.2,03 ... 1.0 corresponding discharge voltage;It finally is fitted resulting list data using matlab or cftool, obtains one Discharge voltage-state-of-charge relation curve;Obtain each monomer electricity in real time in conjunction with matched curve by monitoring cell voltage The SOC in pond, and exported as result.
The battery pack for selecting 4 monomer LiFePO4 ion batteries to be connected in series is balanced object, to the method It is described in detail:
Step1: record 1500 charging/discharging voltages of monomer LiFePO4 ion battery, electric current, temperature and correspondence Battery capacity and be stored in the library dataset, (take every ten groups of data in order is a unit and to number, every list to data prediction Charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature and battery capacity in the data of position take mean value after removal maximum value and minimum value, pre-process The per unit serial number of output as charge and discharge cycles number, corresponding data mean value as the cycle battery charging/discharging voltage, Electric current, temperature and capacity), the prediction initial cycles N=1500 of battery capacity is set, MODEL C=f of battery capacity prediction is selected (V, I, T), wherein C represents battery capacity, and V represents impulse electricity voltage, and I represents charging and discharging currents, and T represents environment temperature, determines Model parameter number, according to pretreated first group of data, initialization model parameter, with charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature data For input, battery capacity data is that output Training Support Vector Machines (SVM) updates model parameter, and updated parameter is substituted into mould Type predicts battery capacity, until the battery capacity finally estimated is in error range, training terminates.The punching of real-time measurement battery is put The voltage of electric process, electric current, temperature data, and C=f (V, I, T) model after support vector machines training is imported, electricity is obtained in real time Capacity of the pond after a charge and discharge cycles;The battery capacity estimated is obtained into SOH than upper battery rated capacity, is input to equilibrium Circuit control module.
Step2: by each single battery of one group of LiFePO4 ion battery group with initial SOC value 0.1,0.2, 0.3 ... 1.0 carries out discharge test, records each single battery in the discharge voltage of different initial SOC values, then will be identical initial SOC value battery multiple discharge voltage takes mean value, the 1.0 corresponding discharge voltages that obtain battery in initial SOC value 0.1,0.2,0.3 ... It is worth table;It finally is fitted experimental data using matlab/cftool, it is bent to obtain discharge voltage-state-of-charge (SOC) relationship Line (as shown in Figure 1);Battery SOC can be obtained in real time in conjunction with matched curve by monitoring cell voltage, and as result It is input to equalizing circuit control module.
Step3: it according to the SOH value and SOC value of Step1 and Step2 4 the single batteries B1, B2, B3, B4 obtained, obtains The equalizing coefficient SOH*SOC value of each battery and the battery voltage value of real-time measurement.As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, every by what is obtained The equalizing coefficient value of a battery is input to control unit CU1, and each battery voltage value is input to control unit CU2, control unit The more each unit cell voltage value of CU2, when reaching the threshold value of default (such as there are the voltage difference of certain two or more battery Shown in Fig. 3, in this programme 0.001) threshold pressure differential is set as, and CU2 exports a low level signal g, and three gate signal inputs are g Metal-oxide-semiconductor disconnect, 4 single batteries of series-connected cell group disconnect, and circuit of battery pack balancing is started to work, control unit CU1 is according to the equalizing coefficient values of 4 batteries, according to the program being previously written, by output signal g 1, g2, and g3, g4, g5, g6's Level height, controls the on-off of MOS in equalizing circuit, selects the optimal path of energy transfer, control the channel of energy transfer.Example Such as: when the equalizing coefficient of 4 single batteries sorts from large to small as B1, B3, B2, when B4, control unit CU2 exports g1, g2 high Level signal, g3, g4 low level signal, g5, g6 high level signal.The metal-oxide-semiconductor of g1 at this time, g2 control is closed, circuit conducting, The metal-oxide-semiconductor of g3, g4 control disconnects, and circuit disconnects, and the metal-oxide-semiconductor of g5, g6 control is closed, and circuit conducting, battery B1 passes through electricity at this time Road is charged to battery B2, and battery B3 is charged by circuit to battery B4, each at this time when the equalizing coefficient of each battery is close The voltage of battery also can close to (cell voltage can accordingly increase with the increase of battery capacity), when cell voltage difference reaches threshold value, Equalization control module terminates equilibrium, and the equalizing coefficient difference of each single battery of battery pack reaches target value at this time, and equilibrium terminates.
The above, only the invention patent preferred embodiment, but the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention is not limited to This, anyone skilled in the art is in the range disclosed in the invention patent, according to the present invention the skill of patent Art scheme and its patent of invention design are subject to equivalent substitution or change, belong to the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge, which is characterized in that the method The SOH and SOC of each single battery in battery pack are obtained first, and using the SOH*SOC of each single battery as equalizing coefficient, The direct transfevent active equalization circuit of design energy is input to equal in active equalization circuit using equalizing coefficient as primary condition Weigh circuit control module, and equalizing circuit control module is formed corresponding according to the closure for the sequence circuit access being previously written Energy transfer channel until the difference of the remaining capacity of each single battery reaches the threshold value of setting.
2. a kind of battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge according to claim 1, It is characterized by: the SOH acquisition methods of each single battery are as follows: in real-time monitoring battery pack before each single battery N times charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature and corresponding battery capacity are simultaneously stored in the library dataset, since the preceding n times of record are filled Discharge voltage, electric current, the data volume of temperature and corresponding battery capacity are excessive, miss to reduce operand and reducing reading data Difference pre-processes data: taking every ten groups of data to be a unit and number in order, the charge and discharge electricity in per unit data Pressure, electric current, temperature and battery capacity take mean value after removal maximum value and minimum value, and the per unit serial number for pre-processing output is made For charge and discharge cycles number, corresponding data mean value is as the charging/discharging voltage of the cycle battery, electric current, temperature and capacity;It will The initial cycles point of battery capacity prediction is set as N, selects MODEL C=f (V, I, T) of battery capacity prediction, wherein C represents battery Capacity, V represent impulse electricity voltage, and I represents charging and discharging currents, and T represents environment temperature, determine model parameter number, according to pre- place First group of data of reason, initialization model parameter are input with charging/discharging voltage, electric current, temperature data, and battery capacity data is It exports Training Support Vector Machines SVM and updates model parameter, updated parameter is substituted into model, predicts battery capacity, until most In error range, training terminates the battery capacity estimated eventually;By monitoring voltage, the electric current, temperature of battery impulse electricity process, C=f (V, I, T) model after being conducted into Support vector regression training, obtains battery after a charge and discharge cycles in real time Capacity;The battery capacity estimated is obtained into the SOH of each single battery than upper battery rated capacity, and defeated as result Out.
3. a kind of battery pack active equalization method based on cell health state and state-of-charge according to claim 1, It is characterized by: the SOC acquisition methods of each single battery are as follows: by single battery each in battery pack with initial SOC Value 0.1,0.2,0.3 ... 1.0 carries out multiple discharge experiment, records electric discharge electricity of each single battery under different initial SOC values Pressure, then the discharge voltage that identical initial SOC value many experiments obtain is taken into mean value, battery is finally obtained in one group of initial SOC value The table of 0.1,0.2,03 ... 1.0 corresponding discharge voltage;It finally is fitted resulting list data using matlab or cftool, is obtained To a discharge voltage-state-of-charge relation curve;Each list is obtained in real time in conjunction with matched curve by monitoring cell voltage The SOC of body battery, and exported as result.
CN201811187147.0A 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 Battery pack active equalization method based on battery health state and charge state Expired - Fee Related CN109256834B (en)

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CN109946616A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-06-28 厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司 A kind of evaluation method of lithium iron phosphate battery system capacity inequality extent
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CN114400387A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-26 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 Battery equalization management method and system based on multi-agent game
CN115000543A (en) * 2022-07-11 2022-09-02 吉林大学 Active equalization method considering battery aging under low-temperature environment
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