CN109256664B - Intermediate infrared fluoride optical fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management - Google Patents

Intermediate infrared fluoride optical fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management Download PDF

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CN109256664B
CN109256664B CN201811268837.9A CN201811268837A CN109256664B CN 109256664 B CN109256664 B CN 109256664B CN 201811268837 A CN201811268837 A CN 201811268837A CN 109256664 B CN109256664 B CN 109256664B
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fluoride
fiber
wave plate
dispersion management
output
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CN109256664A (en
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谢国强
覃治鹏
顾宏安
钱列加
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Jinan Jingzhong Optoelectronics Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08004—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

A mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management comprises a pumping source and a ring oscillator, wherein the oscillator is sequentially provided with a folding mirror, an aspheric focusing lens, a fluoride gain fiber, an aspheric collimating lens, an output coupling mirror, a dispersion management element, a half wave plate, an isolator and a quarter wave plate along the counterclockwise direction. The core of the laser is that dispersion control is carried out on the mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser through a dispersion management element, so that the laser pulse width is orderly evolved along with transmission in a cavity, the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift of pulses in a gain fiber is reduced, and the pulses are prevented from being split at low energy. The high-energy intermediate infrared ultrafast fiber laser has important application prospects in the fields of intermediate infrared ultrafast spectroscopy, supercontinuum generation, free space optical communication and the like.

Description

Intermediate infrared fluoride optical fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to a medium infrared fluoride optical fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management.
Background
The intermediate infrared band covers three atmospheric transparent windows, corresponds to the rotational vibration energy spectrums of most gases and organic molecules, and has important application prospects in the aspects of free space optical communication, molecular spectroscopy, intermediate infrared frequency combing, semiconductor material micromachining, human ophthalmic surgery and the like.
At present, commercial intermediate infrared ultrafast light sources are mainly generated by near infrared pumped optical parametric oscillators or amplifiers, and the method has the defects of low conversion efficiency, large system size, high maintenance difficulty, high cost and the like, and limits the wide application of intermediate infrared ultrafast lasers. In order to obtain the intermediate infrared ultrafast laser with compact structure, low price and excellent beam quality, the fluoride fiber mode-locked laser becomes an ideal choice for the ultrafast pulse laser with the diameter of 3 μm. Currently, fluoride fiber mode-locked lasers have been able to produce pulse outputs at the nano-focus level, which have been comparable to the laser performance of some commercial mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators or amplifiers. However, the fluoride fiber has negative group velocity dispersion and positive nonlinear coefficient in the 3 μm mid-infrared band, so that the mode-locked laser can only work in the traditional soliton region, the output pulse energy of the mode-locked laser is severely limited by the soliton area, and the output pulse energy is limited at the nano-focus level. Intracavity dispersion management is an effective way to break through energy limitation, however, different from near-infrared bands, positive dispersion and negative dispersion optical fibers can be flexibly designed to realize dispersion management, and 3 μm middle infrared bands lack positive dispersion compensation optical fibers, so that the pulse energy of 3 μm middle infrared fluoride optical fiber mode-locked lasers is difficult to improve for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management, which abandons the inherent idea that the traditional fiber mode-locked laser carries out dispersion management through optical fibers, proposes that the mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser carries out dispersion management through a bulk material with large positive dispersion, reduces the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift in a gain fiber, avoids the splitting of mode-locked pulses at low energy, breaks the limitation of soliton area to pulse energy, and enables the output pulse energy to exceed 10 nJ.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management comprises a pumping source, wherein the pumping source is a semiconductor laser coupled and output by optical fibers, and is characterized in that a collimating lens, a first coupling mirror, an aspheric focusing lens, a fluoride gain fiber, an aspheric collimating lens and an output coupling mirror are sequentially arranged along the laser output direction of the pumping source, a dispersion management element, a half-wave plate, an isolator, a quarter-wave plate and the first coupling mirror are sequentially arranged in the reflected light direction of the output coupling mirror, the end surface of the output fiber of the semiconductor laser coupled and output by the optical fibers is positioned at the focus of the collimating lens, the front end surface of the fluoride gain fiber is positioned at the back focal plane of the aspheric focusing lens, the back end surface of the fluoride gain fiber is positioned at the front focal plane of the aspheric collimating lens, the first coupling mirror, the aspheric focusing lens, the fluoride gain fiber, the aspheric collimating lens, the output coupling mirror, the dispersion management element, the half-wave plate, the isolator and the quarter-wave plate in sequence form an annular laser resonant cavity.
The dispersion management element is a transparent germanium, gallium arsenide, monocrystalline silicon or phosphorus germanium zinc block material with positive dispersion in the middle infrared range and 2-5 microns.
The fluoride gain optical fiber is a multi-component fluoride glass optical fiber doped with erbium ions, holmium ions or dysprosium ions.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the core element of the high-energy fluoride fiber mode-locked laser is the dispersion management element, and the dispersion management element is used for carrying out dispersion management on the laser cavity, so that the accumulation of nonlinear phase shift of pulses in the fluoride gain fiber is reduced, and solitons are prevented from being split at low energy, so that the output of high-energy intermediate infrared mode-locked pulses can be realized. Compared with the prior art, the laser breaks the limit of soliton area to pulse energy, so that the output pulse energy exceeds 10 nJ.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a medium infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the output pulse energy for intracavity non-dispersion management and insertion of germanium rods of different lengths in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the autocorrelation of mode-locked pulses when a germanium rod having a length of 60mm is inserted into a cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a spectrum of a mode-locked pulse when a germanium rod having a length of 60mm is inserted into a cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management according to the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the intermediate infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management of the present invention comprises a pumping source 1, a collimating lens 2, a first coupling mirror 3, an aspheric focusing lens 4, a fluoride gain fiber 5, an aspheric collimating lens 6, and an output coupling mirror 7, which are sequentially arranged along the laser output direction of the pumping source 1, a dispersion management element 8, a half-wave plate 9, an isolator 10, a quarter-wave plate 11, and the first coupling mirror 3 are sequentially arranged in the reflected light direction of the output coupling mirror 7, the end surface of the output fiber of the semiconductor laser of fiber coupling output is located at the focus of the collimating lens 2, the front end surface of the fluoride gain fiber 5 is located at the back focal plane of the aspheric focusing lens 4, and the back end surface of the fluoride gain fiber 5 is located at the front focal plane of the aspheric collimating lens 6, the first coupling mirror 3, the aspheric focusing lens 4, the fluoride gain fiber 5, the aspheric collimating lens 6, the output coupling mirror 7, the dispersion management element 8, the half-wave plate 9, the isolator 10, the quarter-wave plate 11 and the first coupling mirror 3 in sequence form a ring-shaped laser resonant cavity.
The dispersion management element of this embodiment is a germanium rod. The pumping source 1 is a semiconductor laser coupled and output by optical fiber, the emission wavelength is 976nm, and the laser is focused to the inner cladding of the fluoride gain optical fiber 5 through the collimating lens 2 and the aspheric focusing lens 4. The fluoride gain fiber 5 was an erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber, the doping concentration of erbium ions was 6 mol.%, and the fiber length was 2.3 m. The gain fiber is a double-clad fiber, the diameter of the fiber core is 16.5 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.12; the diameter of the inner cladding is 250 μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.5. The optical fiber is cut at both ends with an angle of 8 ° to eliminate parasitic oscillations. The aspheric focusing lens 4 focuses the pump light and the laser, the aspheric collimating lens 6 collimates the laser, and the focal lengths of the pump light and the laser are both 12.7 mm. The isolator 10 is used for ensuring unidirectional circulation of laser in the annular cavity, and also forms a passive mode locking device together with the half wave plate 9 and the quarter wave plate 11 for starting and maintaining mode locking operation. The germanium rods 8 that can be used in the embodiments have three lengths, 20mm, 30mm, 60mm, and 10mm in diameter. In fact, the longer the germanium rod, the greater the pulse broadening in the cavity, the less the accumulated nonlinear phase shift, and the greater the pulse energy that can be output. By rotating the angles of the half-wave plate 9 and the quarter-wave plate 11, stable mode-locked pulse output can be realized.
When no germanium rod is inserted, the laser cavity has full negative dispersion with a dispersion value of-0.191 ps2The laser works in a soliton mode locking area, the energy of mode locking pulse is limited by the soliton area, the pulse energy is not increased along with the increase of the pumping power, and the maximum pulse energy is 5.59nJ (the corresponding pumping power is 7.74W). After germanium rods with the lengths of 20mm, 30mm and 60mm are inserted into the cavity respectively (respectively providing +0.037 ps)2、+0.051ps2、+0.101ps2Group delay dispersion) under the same conditions of pump power and splitting ratio of the output coupling mirror 7, the output pulse energy of the mode-locked laser is increased to 6.37nJ, 7.46nJ and 7.97nJ respectively. When the pump power is constant, fig. 2 shows that the pulse energy increases with the length of the germanium rod. In order to obtain larger pulse output, the pump power is increased to 12.1W, and the pulse energy output by the mode-locked laser in dispersion compensation of the 60mm germanium rod reaches 10.1nJ and the pulse width is 277 fs. Fig. 3 and 4 show the measured mode-locked pulse autocorrelation curve and mode-locked spectrum, respectively, at a pump power of 12.1W.
Existing mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked lasers have limitations on pulse energy due to lack of dispersion management, such as a pulse energy of 5.59nJ can be achieved here. After the germanium rod dispersion management is adopted, the limitation of pulse energy disappears, and finally the 10nJ pulse output is realized. After dispersion management, the output pulse energy of the laser increases with the germanium rod length and the pump power.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The intermediate infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management comprises a pumping source (1), wherein the pumping source (1) is a semiconductor laser coupled and output by optical fibers, and is characterized in that a collimating lens (2), a first coupling lens (3), an aspheric focusing lens (4), a fluoride gain fiber (5), an aspheric collimating lens (6) and an output coupling lens (7) are sequentially arranged along the laser output direction of the pumping source (1), a dispersion management element (8), a half-wave plate (9), an isolator (10), a quarter-wave plate (11) and the first coupling lens (3) are sequentially arranged in the reflected light direction of the output coupling lens (7), the end face of the output fiber of the semiconductor laser coupled and output by the optical fibers is positioned at the focus of the collimating lens (2), the front end face of the fluoride gain fiber (5) is positioned at the back focal plane of the aspheric focusing lens (4), the rear end face of the fluoride gain fiber (5) is positioned on the front focal plane of the aspheric collimating lens (6), and a first coupling mirror (3), an aspheric focusing lens (4), the fluoride gain fiber (5), the aspheric collimating lens (6), an output coupling mirror (7), a dispersion management element (8), a half-wave plate (9), an isolator (10) and a quarter-wave plate (11) in sequence form an annular laser resonant cavity; the dispersion management element (8) is a transparent germanium, gallium arsenide, monocrystalline silicon or phosphorus germanium zinc block material with positive dispersion in the middle infrared range and 2-5 microns;
the isolator (10), the half wave plate (9) and the quarter wave plate (11) form a passive mode locking device, and mode locking operation is started and maintained; and the angles of the half wave plate (9) and the quarter wave plate (11) are rotated to realize stable mode locking pulse output.
2. A mid-infrared fluoride fiber mode-locked laser based on germanium dispersion management as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said fluoride gain fiber (5) is a multi-component fluoride glass fiber doped with erbium, holmium or dysprosium ions.
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CN102751650A (en) * 2012-07-09 2012-10-24 北京工业大学 Ytterbium doped photonic crystal fiber nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked laser device
CN104300354A (en) * 2014-10-29 2015-01-21 深圳大学 Optical parametric oscillation laser based on I-type quasi-phase matching

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