CN109254324B

CN109254324B - Full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and device

Info

Publication number: CN109254324B
Application number: CN201811221227.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐凌; 秦楠; 范新燕; 胡英; 王春明
Original assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Current assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-10-19
Filing date: 2018-10-19
Publication date: 2020-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-19
Also published as: CN109254324A

Abstract

The application provides a full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data; performing wavelet normalized shaping on the seismic data, and performing full-band frequency extension processing to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain first-class seismic data; whitening processing is carried out on interference signals in the first type of seismic data to meet random noise hypothesis, and second type of seismic data are obtained; performing data processing for keeping the full frequency band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data to obtain third type of seismic data; performing pre-stack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data to obtain fourth type of seismic data; and performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data. Due to the fact that the seismic acquisition characteristic of 'two widths and one height' is considered, available effective signals in the seismic data are fully utilized, the effects of improving the consistency of wavelets of the seismic data and improving the resolution and fidelity of the seismic data are achieved.

Description

Full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and device

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas seismic exploration, in particular to a full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and device.

Background

In the field of oil and gas seismic exploration, artificially acquired original seismic data are generally processed to obtain seismic data with improved resolution and amplitude preservation and capable of meeting geological interpretation requirements, and the seismic data are used for serving subsequent specific seismic exploration work (for example, searching lithologic oil and gas reservoirs according to the processed seismic data meeting the requirements, and the like).

At present, most of the existing seismic data processing work is to perform frequency broadening and denoising processing on seismic data according to visual senses of technicians or traditional experiences. When the method is specifically implemented, only seismic signals in a frequency band range with visual senses visible and relatively high signal-to-noise ratio can be reserved and extracted, and the seismic signals in a frequency suppression band and relatively low signal-to-noise ratio cannot be acquired, so that the effective bandwidth and the amplitude preservation of the processed seismic data are influenced to a certain degree, and the fineness, the accuracy and the reliability of subsequent seismic exploration work are further influenced. Especially, today that a wide-band, wide-azimuth and high-density (hereinafter referred to as "two-wide-one-high") seismic data acquisition technology is popularized, the problem of seismic data processing is more prominent, and effective seismic signals containing a large amount of geological information and relatively low signal-to-noise ratio are wasted and cannot be fully utilized.

In summary, when the existing seismic data processing method is implemented, the effective seismic signals with low signal-to-noise ratio cannot be fully utilized, the seismic signals in the suppression frequency band cannot be reasonably obtained, and the resolution and fidelity of the obtained seismic data are not ideal enough. In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and device, and aims to solve the technical problem that an effective seismic signal with a low signal-to-noise ratio in a suppression frequency band cannot be effectively obtained in the existing processing method. Through full-frequency amplitude-preserving processing on the seismic data, the characteristics of high-density acquisition of the seismic data are utilized, effective seismic signals which can be utilized in the seismic data are all utilized, and the processing effects of richer signals, higher resolution and better amplitude-preserving property are obtained.

The embodiment of the application provides a full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method, which comprises the following steps:

acquiring seismic data of a target area;

performing wavelet normalized shaping on the seismic data of the target area, and performing full-band frequency broadening processing on the seismic data subjected to the normalized shaping so as to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain first-class seismic data; wherein the full frequency band is a frequency range greater than or equal to 0Hz and less than or equal to a cut-off frequency;

whitening processing is carried out on the interference signals in the first type of seismic data to meet the random noise hypothesis, so that second type of seismic data are obtained;

performing data processing for keeping the full frequency band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data to obtain third type of seismic data;

performing pre-stack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data to obtain effective reflection signals of seismic waves, and taking the effective reflection signals of the seismic waves as fourth type of seismic data;

and performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data.

In one embodiment, the wavelet normalization shaping is performed on the seismic data of the target area, and the full-band frequency broadening processing is performed on the seismic data after the normalization shaping so as to release all seismic signals in a spectrum suppression band, and obtain the first type of seismic data, and the method comprises the following steps:

performing seismic wavelet shaping on the seismic data of the target area by a single-channel or multi-channel pulse deconvolution technology, and normalizing the seismic wavelet form of the seismic data of the target area by using a pulse function as standard expected output of deconvolution to obtain normalized and shaped seismic data;

and carrying out full-band frequency extension processing on the normalized and shaped seismic data by a ground surface consistency pulse deconvolution technology to eliminate the influence of interference waves, so as to reasonably release seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band and obtain the first type of seismic data after full-band frequency extension for seismic wavelets.

In one embodiment, before wavelet normalization shaping is performed on seismic data of a target area and full-band frequency broadening processing is performed on the normalized and shaped seismic data to release all seismic signals in a spectral compressed band to obtain seismic data of a first type, the method further comprises:

and performing Q value compensation processing for eliminating wavelet time-varying characteristics on the seismic data of the target area.

In one embodiment, whitening processing that satisfies a random noise assumption is performed on the interfering signals in the first type of seismic data, including:

and suppressing the regular noise and the abnormal amplitude noise in the first type of seismic data to obtain second type of seismic data with random noise, wherein the regular noise is data with the waveform of the signal conforming to the preset regular characteristics in spatial distribution, and the abnormal amplitude noise is data with the amplitude of the signal mutating in spatial distribution.

In one embodiment, after whitening processing satisfying a random noise assumption is performed on the interference signal in the first type of seismic data to obtain a second type of seismic data, the method further comprises:

acquiring a wellhead time record of the target area, and calculating a ghost wave prediction step length according to the wellhead time record; or, acquiring a near-surface velocity model and excitation well depth data of the target area, and calculating a ghost wave prediction step length according to the near-surface velocity model and the excitation well depth data;

and according to the ghost wave prediction step length, carrying out suppression processing on the ghost waves in the second type of seismic data by adopting a prediction deconvolution technology.

In one embodiment, the processing the second type of seismic data to obtain a third type of seismic data by maintaining full-band characteristics and noise-whitening characteristics of the seismic data comprises:

acquiring processing parameters through a preset processing flow, wherein the preset processing flow is a processing flow of high signal-to-noise ratio seismic data based on non-full-band frequency extension, and the processing parameters at least comprise: amplitude compensation, dynamic correction speed, reflected wave residual static correction value and offset imaging speed model parameters;

and performing data processing for keeping the full-band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data by using the processing parameters to obtain third type of seismic data.

In one embodiment, after performing data processing on the second type of seismic data using the processing parameters to maintain full-band and noise-whitening characteristics of the seismic data to obtain the third type of seismic data, the method further comprises:

and converting the minimum phase wavelet in the third type of seismic data into a zero phase wavelet.

In one embodiment, performing best resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data comprises:

performing spectrum analysis on the fourth type of seismic data to determine a maximum effective bandwidth range;

selecting a best resolution wavelet form desired by a user;

acquiring a frequency spectrum or time domain convolution operator of the wavelet with the best resolution according to the form of the wavelet with the best resolution and the maximum effective bandwidth range;

carrying out consistency shaping on wavelets of the fourth type of seismic data through single-channel or multi-channel pulse inverse folding to obtain modified fourth type of seismic data;

and performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the modified fourth type seismic data by using the frequency spectrum of the optimal resolution wavelet or the time domain convolution operator to obtain the target seismic data.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a full frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing apparatus, including:

the acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data of a target area;

the first shaping module is used for carrying out wavelet normalized shaping on the seismic data of the target area and carrying out full-band frequency broadening processing on the seismic data after the normalized shaping so as to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band and obtain first-class seismic data; wherein the full frequency band is a frequency range greater than or equal to 0Hz and less than or equal to a cut-off frequency;

the first processing module is used for carrying out whitening processing which meets the random noise assumption on the interference signals in the first type of seismic data to obtain second type of seismic data;

the second processing module is used for carrying out data processing for keeping the full-band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data to obtain third type of seismic data;

the third processing module is used for carrying out pre-stack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data to obtain effective reflection signals of seismic waves, and taking the effective reflection signals of the seismic waves as fourth type of seismic data;

and the second shaping module is used for performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data.

In one embodiment, the first shaping module comprises:

the first shaping unit is used for carrying out seismic wavelet shaping on the seismic data of the target area through a single-channel or multi-channel pulse deconvolution technology, and utilizing a pulse function as standard expected output of deconvolution to standardize the seismic wavelet form of the seismic data of the target area so as to obtain the standardized and shaped seismic data;

and the first processing unit is used for carrying out full-band frequency extension processing on the seismic data subjected to the normalized shaping through a ground surface consistency pulse deconvolution technology so as to eliminate the influence of interference waves and reasonably release seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain first-class seismic data subjected to full-band frequency extension aiming at seismic wavelets.

In the embodiment of the application, because the characteristics of 'two-width one-height' seismic acquisition are considered, full-frequency amplitude-preserving processing is carried out on the seismic data, effective signals available in the originally acquired seismic data are fully utilized, the effects of improving the consistency of seismic wavelets and improving the resolution and fidelity of the seismic data are achieved, and therefore the seismic data with richer signals and higher resolution and fidelity are obtained.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for processing full frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a full frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic processing flow diagram illustrating an application of the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application in one example scenario;

FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of a horizontal stack section after deconvolution shaping of multiple channels (10 channels) obtained by applying the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application in an example scenario;

FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of a horizontal stack section after surface consistent pulse deconvolution frequency broadening processing obtained by applying the full frequency amplitude preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application in a scenario example;

FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of a single shot record after pulse deconvolution frequency broadening and noise whitening processing obtained by applying the full-frequency amplitude preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application in a scene example;

FIG. 5b is a schematic illustration of a single shot record after predictive deconvolution frequency broadening and noise suppression by existing methods in one example scenario;

FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of a pre-stack migration profile obtained by applying the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application in one example scenario;

FIG. 6b is a schematic illustration of a pre-stack time migration profile obtained by a prior art method in one scenario example;

fig. 7 is an amplitude spectrogram of a pre-stack migration result obtained by applying the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application in a scene example, and a schematic diagram of a low-frequency end position and a low-frequency end position of an accurate seismic data effective bandwidth obtained by the amplitude spectrogram.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Considering the existing processing technology, the implementation is influenced by the processing concept of pursuing high signal-to-noise ratio of each seismic processing link, namely, the processing experience of the past forming is followed, and the frequency expansion and the noise removal of seismic data are controlled by means of visual sense. Specifically, frequency extension and shaping are carried out on the seismic data by means of a prediction deconvolution technology, and random noise in the seismic data is suppressed by means of statistics. However, the frequency extension capability of the prediction deconvolution technology for suppressing the seismic wavelet side lobes and reserving and highlighting the seismic wavelet main lobes to weak seismic signals in a suppression band is very limited, and the statistical method random noise suppression technology is prone to damage to seismic effective signals with relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and high frequency in seismic data, so that the seismic information cannot be normally acquired and utilized, and the obtained processing result is incomplete and non-fine seismic data. In summary, the existing processing method has a technical problem that seismic information in a suppressed frequency band cannot be effectively acquired when being implemented, so that the processed seismic data is incomplete and not fine. Aiming at the root cause of the technical problems, the method considers the limitation of the processing concept of frequency expansion and noise suppression of the existing seismic signals, combines the acquisition characteristics of two widths and one height (wide frequency band, wide azimuth and high density) of the seismic data, fully releases and protects the seismic weak signals in the frequency spectrum suppression band by carrying out full-frequency-band frequency expansion processing on the seismic data, achieves the purpose of improving the wavelet consistency of the seismic data by corresponding data processing means, completely reserves all available effective signals in the seismic data, and improves the fidelity of the seismic data so as to obtain the seismic data with more comprehensive and higher resolution.

Based on the thought, the embodiment of the application provides a full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method. Specifically, please refer to a processing flow chart of a full frequency amplitude preserving seismic data processing method according to an embodiment of the present application shown in fig. 1. The full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the application can comprise the following steps in specific implementation.

S11: seismic data of a target area is acquired.

In the present embodiment, the seismic data is composed of single shot records. Specifically, the seismic data includes a plurality of single shot records, and each single shot record includes a plurality of seismic traces. Seismic signals in an effective frequency band (i.e., data composed of a frequency band satisfying a signal amplitude of 0.707 times or more the highest amplitude in an amplitude spectrum) in the seismic data are generally considered as visually-perceived "visible" data, and belong to the original effective seismic signals. And the part outside the effective frequency band, namely the seismic signals in the suppression band are data which are basically invisible in visual sense, and belong to the original ineffective seismic signals. In fact, some effective seismic signals also exist in the seismic signals in the compression band, but the effective seismic signals are weak in energy and relatively low in signal-to-noise ratio, and cannot be directly found through visual senses, so that the effective seismic signals are artificially ignored. However, the effective seismic signals with low signal-to-noise ratio in the compression band also contain a large amount of useful geological information, and the method plays an important role in improving the fineness, resolution, reliability and the like of the seismic data. The effect of the ignored effective seismic signals within the stopband and having a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio is more pronounced, particularly when predicting more concealed lithologic reservoirs or thin reservoirs.

In this embodiment, the seismic data of the target area is preferably seismic data acquired by a high-density seismic data acquisition technique. It should be noted that, in the past, seismic data acquired instead of "two widths and one height" are difficult to acquire seismic signals with relatively low signal-to-noise ratios in the seismic data by some processing method due to the low acquisition density and the low coverage times (for example, only a few times to three times and forty times of coverage), and these seismic signals are usually ignored during the processing. With the development of acquisition technology and the improvement of equipment, the current seismic data acquisition technology has been greatly improved relative to the past. Specifically, the current seismic data acquisition technology enters a two-wide one-high acquisition stage, the acquired seismic data also has the characteristics of wide frequency band, wide azimuth, high density and high coverage, and seismic signals with a suppression band and relatively low signal-to-noise ratio can be completely reserved and acquired by using the existing processing technology. However, the existing seismic data processing method does not fully mine and utilize the advantages of the seismic data with two widths and one height, still continues to use the processing mode aiming at the non-seismic data with two widths and one height to process the seismic data, and omits the seismic signals with relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, so that the acquired seismic data are incomplete and not fine. This is the problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present application.

In this embodiment, after acquiring the seismic data of the target area, the seismic signals are attenuated to different degrees in consideration that the acquired seismic data are acquired raw data and are affected by factors such as different seismic wave propagation distances and different propagation paths. For example, seismic signals with long propagation path distances are attenuated to a relatively large degree, and show a difference in energy, which is not favorable for subsequent processing. Therefore, in order to reduce the energy difference of the seismic data, after acquiring the seismic data of the target area, the compensation process may be performed as follows: and performing spherical diffusion compensation and earth absorption compensation on the seismic data to compensate the seismic data influenced by the propagation distance and the propagation path. Wherein, the parameter value of the compensation can be set according to specific situations. The present application is not limited.

S12: performing wavelet normalized shaping on the seismic data of the target area, and performing full-band frequency broadening processing on the seismic data subjected to the normalized shaping so as to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain first-class seismic data; wherein the full frequency band is a frequency range greater than or equal to 0Hz and less than or equal to a cut-off frequency.

In the present embodiment, the following is included: performing wavelet shaping on the seismic data of the target area by a single-channel or multi-channel pulse deconvolution technology, and normalizing the wavelet form of the seismic data of the target area by using a pulse function as standard expected output of deconvolution to obtain wavelet normalized and shaped seismic data; and carrying out full-band frequency extension processing on the normalized and shaped seismic data by a ground surface consistency pulse deconvolution technology to eliminate the influence of random noise, and reasonably releasing seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain the first type of seismic data after full-band frequency extension for the seismic wavelets. Wherein reasonable and specific understanding of the above is that the release-based compensation is moderate, avoiding overcompensation or undercompensation.

In the present embodiment, the pulse deconvolution is one of deconvolution methods. The deconvolution is also called inverse filtering or convolution and is used for spectrum shaping, noise attenuation and multiple suppression of pre-stack and post-stack seismic data. In particular, pulse deconvolution may be understood as a process that improves the vertical resolution of seismic data by compressing the fundamental wavelet length. In the most ideal case, only the lower-stratum reflection coefficient remains on the seismic traces.

In this embodiment, it should be noted that, in order to prevent the noise from affecting the wavelet normalization shaping effect, the linear noise and the abnormal energy noise in the seismic data may be preliminarily suppressed before implementation. The linear noise is a signal with a linear relation between the waveform of the signal and the offset in the spatial distribution rule. The abnormal amplitude noise is data in which the amplitude of the signal changes abruptly in a spatial distribution. Linear noise is mostly caused by surface factors.

In one embodiment, before performing normalized shaping on the seismic data of the target area and performing full-band frequency broadening processing on the normalized and shaped seismic data to reasonably release seismic signals in a spectrum suppression band to obtain the first type of seismic data, the method may further include the following steps: and performing Q value compensation processing for eliminating wavelet time-varying characteristics on the seismic data of the target area.

The wavelet time-varying characteristics mean that the seismic wavelets are influenced by a stratum medium in the underground propagation process, and the signal propagation speeds and the energy attenuation degrees of different frequencies are different, so that the wavelet forms are continuously changed.

In the present embodiment, the Q value compensation technique is used before the pulse deconvolution, and the purpose is to make the seismic data after compensation satisfy the requirement of the "time invariant assumption" of the pulse deconvolution. The sequence of the Q value compensation and the pulse deconvolution cannot be changed, otherwise, the overcompensation on the seismic signals is caused, and the higher the frequency is, the more serious the overcompensation is, so that the reasonability and the high-resolution effect of the acquired seismic data are influenced.

S13: and whitening the interference signals in the first type of seismic data to meet the random noise assumption so as to obtain second type of seismic data with reserved random noise.

In the present embodiment, the type of the facing noise can be classified into three categories according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the waveform and amplitude of the noise signal, specifically, the first category is that the waveform of the noise signal follows a certain preset rule (such as linear noise, hyperbolic multiple, 50hz industrial electrical signal interference) in the spatial distribution, and such noise is mostly caused by surface factors or other regular interference signal sources, and is generally called regular noise. The second embodiment is that the amplitude energy of the noise signal is suddenly changed relative to the amplitude energy of the surrounding seismic data, and specifically, the amplitude energy of the noise signal may suddenly increase or decrease abnormally in a certain spatial range or position, and the change is obviously easy to identify and is generally called abnormal energy noise. A third embodiment may be represented by the randomness of the spatial distribution of the noise signal, no regularity to follow, substantial conformity to whitening features in the random signal, and no abnormal amplitude energy, commonly referred to as random noise.

In the embodiment, in order to avoid damage to the seismic signals with lower signal-to-noise ratio in the frequency extended seismic data when the existing habitual seismic data processing mode is adopted for noise suppression, specific measures for suppressing the regular noise and the abnormal energy noise in an important manner and keeping the follow-up noise are adopted. The reason is that the suppression technology of random noise generally distinguishes effective signals from random noise in seismic data by means of the correlation of seismic reflection event in space, but the specific implementation of the correlation identification is promising, namely: the time difference of the same phase axis of the same reflected wave between adjacent channels must satisfy the following relationship: Δ t <1/2f, only seismic signals that satisfy this condition may be determined to be valid signals, otherwise they will be determined to be random noise. Specifically, since the event of the seismic reflection is formed by signals of different frequencies and has a bending characteristic substantially conforming to the hyperbolic shape, when the event is bent to a certain degree, which of the seismic high-frequency effective signals Δ t >1/2f is removed as random noise. In general, in a site where the same-phase axis difference Δ t between seismic-adjacent channels of the same seismic reflection wave is large, the frequency value that can satisfy the condition Δ t <1/2f is low. In other words, the higher the frequency of the seismic effective signal, the more difficult it is to satisfy the condition of Δ t <1/2f, the more severe the degree of injury is. The damage is difficult to be perceived and identified by visual sense, and the condition can be avoided only by not suppressing random noise.

In the present embodiment, it is also possible to avoid damage to the seismic high-frequency effective signal in another case. Specifically, the seismic signals are high-frequency effective signals which are relatively weak in energy, relatively low in signal-to-noise ratio, unobvious in waveform amplitude characteristics and masked by random noise. Such signals are often judged to be "absent" due to "invisible visual senses", and are removed while noise suppression is performed, so that subsequent work cannot acquire seismic signals of the type described above any more.

In one embodiment, the whitening process that satisfies the random noise assumption is performed on the interference signal in the first type of seismic data, and the whitening process may be implemented as follows: and suppressing the regular noise and the abnormal amplitude noise in the first type of seismic data to obtain second type of seismic data with random noise.

In one embodiment, to ensure the reliability and stability of the first type of seismic data, it is required that the interference signals in the seismic data of the target area are also whitened under the assumption of random noise before the first type of seismic data is acquired.

In one embodiment, in practice, the ghost waves in the second type of seismic data may be suppressed as follows:

s1: acquiring a wellhead time record of the target area, and calculating a ghost wave prediction step length according to the wellhead time record; or, acquiring a near-surface velocity model and an excitation well depth of the target area, and calculating a ghost wave prediction step length according to the near-surface velocity model and the excitation well depth;

s2: and according to the ghost wave prediction step length, carrying out suppression processing on ghost waves in the second type of seismic data.

In the present embodiment, it is emphasized that the ghost compression method employed in the above is a method completely different from the ghost compression method employed in the conventional method. In the existing method, when ghost waves are suppressed, a plurality of undetermined step lengths are mostly determined firstly in a ghost wave prediction step length scanning mode, then a final ghost wave prediction step length is determined from the plurality of undetermined step lengths by means of visual analysis or experience of a constructor, and ghost wave compression is performed by means of the ghost wave prediction step length. The method needs to rely on visual analysis and experience of a constructor when being implemented, the visual effect analysis has great uncertainty, completely different results can be obtained due to differences of starting time of a window, the size of the window, the capability of an analyst and the like, and the ghost wave prediction step length obtained based on the existing ghost wave compression method is often inaccurate. Accordingly, the compression effect of the ghost compression based on the inaccurate ghost prediction step size is not ideal. The reason is that in the past, the large-base-distance detector combination is used for receiving seismic data, the wellhead time is unreliable due to the influence of the combination of a plurality of detectors, and the ghost wave prediction step length can be calculated only according to the inaccurate mode, so that the method is an unfortunate practice. At present, with the progress and development of the acquisition technology and the acquisition equipment, a single detector or a small combined base distance is mostly adopted to receive seismic data, so that the advantages brought by the progress and development of the current acquisition technology and the current acquisition equipment can be exerted, the ghost wave prediction length can be accurately determined in a certain mode, and the ghost waves can be more effectively and accurately suppressed. It should be emphasized that the ghost prediction step used in the ghost compression based on the method of the present application can be understood as a deterministic ghost prediction step. The above-mentioned certainty may specifically refer to that the cannons provide accurate ghost prediction step values, that is, one cannon provides one ghost prediction step value.

In this embodiment, considering that the accuracy of the obtained wellhead time is better and the reliability is higher based on the current acquisition technology and acquisition equipment, the double wellhead time can be used as the prediction step value of the prediction deconvolution for suppressing ghost waves according to the wellhead time record of the target area: τ -2 × t 0; and calculating an accurate ghost wave prediction step value according to the near-surface velocity model of the target area and the excitation well depth of the target area:

where t0 is the time of the well head, τ is the ghost wave prediction step, Dshot is the excitation well depth, and V is the average velocity of the formation from the surface to the bottom of the well. The more accurate the near-surface velocity model is, the higher and more reliable the precision of the calculated ghost wave prediction step value is.

In the present embodiment, the seismic ghost in the second type of seismic data is suppressed by applying a prediction deconvolution method (a deconvolution method) with the ghost prediction step as a parameter. Specifically, when a prediction deconvolution method is applied to suppress ghost waves, the recording time length of seismic channels is used as a calculation time window (single time window), all seismic channels in the same shot gather are subjected to ghost wave suppression channel by adopting a uniform ghost wave prediction step length, and the ghost wave prediction step length is not changed along with the change of the seismic channel position (offset distance) or the change of wavelet frequency characteristics.

S14: and carrying out data processing for keeping the full frequency band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data to obtain third type of seismic data.

In the embodiment, in specific implementation, the processing effect of the second type of seismic data is considered, the full-band feature and the noise whitening feature of the second type of seismic data are protected, and the influence of low signal-to-noise ratio of the second type of seismic data on the extraction of subsequent seismic processing parameters is avoided, so that the purpose of obtaining the third type of seismic data meeting the requirements is achieved.

In this embodiment, the processing of the second type seismic data to obtain the third type seismic data by maintaining the full-band feature and the noise-whitening feature of the seismic data may specifically include the following steps:

s1: acquiring processing parameters through a preset processing flow, wherein the preset processing flow is a seismic data processing flow based on non-full-band frequency extension and high signal-to-noise ratio, and the processing parameters at least comprise: amplitude compensation, dynamic correction speed, reflected wave residual static correction value and offset imaging speed model parameters;

s2: and performing data processing for keeping the full-band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data by using the processing parameters to obtain third type of seismic data.

In an embodiment, after performing data processing for maintaining full-band features and noise whitening features of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data by using the processing parameters to obtain the third type of seismic data, when the method is implemented, the method may further include: and converting the minimum phase wavelet in the third type of seismic data into a zero phase wavelet.

S15: and performing pre-stack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data to obtain effective reflection signals of seismic waves, and taking the effective reflection signals of the seismic waves as fourth type of seismic data.

In an embodiment, the performing pre-stack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data may include the following steps:

s1: determining a horizontal superposition velocity field through velocity analysis according to the preset processing flow;

s2: obtaining a prestack time migration velocity field by using the horizontal superposition velocity field as an initial velocity model through velocity analysis iteration;

s3: obtaining a prestack depth migration velocity field through velocity analysis iteration by using the horizontal superposition velocity field or the prestack time migration velocity field as an initial velocity model;

s4: and performing prestack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data by using the prestack time migration velocity field or the prestack depth migration velocity field to obtain seismic wave effective reflection signals of a time domain or a depth domain, namely the fourth type of seismic data.

S16: and performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data.

In an embodiment, after the fourth type of seismic data is obtained, in order to further obtain seismic data with higher resolution and better use effect, and simultaneously satisfying the requirements of relatively concentrated main lobe energy and relatively wide and slow side lobe energy, the method may further include the following steps: and performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping processing on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain seismic data meeting the requirements.

In this embodiment, the above-described best resolution wavelet shaping method is understood to be a wavelet shaping method that improves resolution and consistency. The result after shaping can satisfy the following three conditions: the end positions of the low-frequency end and the high-frequency end of the effective frequency band of the seismic wavelets in the seismic data are the same, so that the width of the effective frequency width of the seismic wavelets can be ensured to be the same; the phase characteristics of the seismic wavelets are zero phase, and the zero phase wavelets have the property of optimal resolution; the seismic wavelet has a wavelet form with optimal resolution, and meets the form characteristics of seismic wavelet main lobe energy concentration, side lobe width relaxation and minimum oscillation amplitude in form; in the implementation process, the selected wavelet needs to have a definite mathematical expression as a shaping standard, the shape of the shaped wavelet is constrained, and the interference of artificial subjective factors is avoided. In particular, the best resolving wavelet currently used may be the cosine wavelet. Of course, the above-listed cosine wavelets are only used to better illustrate the embodiments of the present application. In specific implementation, other suitable types of wavelets can be selected to perform the optimal resolution wavelet shaping according to specific situations and construction requirements. The present application is not limited thereto.

In this embodiment, it should be noted that the premise of the above-mentioned best resolution wavelet shaping is to solve the problem of good wavelet consistency. In the above full frequency amplitude preserving processing flow, the consistency processing of the space-variant and time-varying seismic wavelets is completed just by utilizing the pulse deconvolution standard to expect the output standard wavelet form to carry out the seismic wavelet shaping. This is also an advantage of pulse deconvolution, which is another important reason why pulse deconvolution is used in the present embodiment instead of the predicted deconvolution used in the conventional method, and is not available in Q value compensation, predicted deconvolution, narrow time window conversion, frequency division processing, and the like.

In the embodiment of the application, compared with the existing processing method, due to the fact that the acquisition characteristics of two widths and one height (a wide frequency band, a wide azimuth and high density) of the seismic data are considered, full-frequency-band frequency broadening processing under standard constraint is carried out on the seismic data, wavelet consistency is improved, all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band are released, all available effective signals in the seismic data are fully utilized, and fidelity and resolution of the seismic data are improved through subsequent corresponding data processing and optimal resolution wavelet shaping, so that the seismic data with more abundant information and higher resolution are obtained.

Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing apparatus, as described in the following embodiments. Because the principle of the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing device for solving the problems is similar to that of the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method, and repeated parts are not described again. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated. Referring to fig. 2, a structural diagram of a full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, where the apparatus may specifically include: the obtaining module 21, the first shaping module 22, the first processing module 23, the second processing module 24, the third processing module 25, and the second shaping module 26, and the structure will be described in detail below.

The obtaining module 21 may be specifically configured to obtain seismic data of a target area;

the first shaping module 22 may be specifically configured to perform normalized shaping on the seismic data of the target area, and perform full-band frequency broadening processing on the seismic data after the normalized shaping to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band, so as to obtain first-class seismic data; wherein the full frequency band is a frequency range greater than or equal to 0Hz and less than or equal to a cut-off frequency;

the first processing module 23 may be specifically configured to perform whitening processing that satisfies a random noise assumption on the interference signal in the first type of seismic data to obtain second type of seismic data that retains random noise;

the second processing module 24 may be specifically configured to perform data processing for maintaining a full-band feature and a noise whitening feature of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data, so as to obtain third type of seismic data;

the third processing module 25 may be specifically configured to perform prestack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data to obtain effective reflection signals of seismic waves, and use the effective reflection signals of the seismic waves as fourth type of seismic data;

the second shaping module 26 may be specifically configured to perform optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data.

In one embodiment, in order to perform normalized shaping on the seismic data of the target area and perform full-band frequency broadening processing on the normalized and shaped seismic data to reasonably release the seismic signals in the spectrum suppression band to obtain the first type of seismic data, the first shaping module 22 may specifically include the following structural units:

the first shaping unit is specifically used for performing seismic wavelet shaping on the seismic data of the target area through a single-channel or multi-channel pulse deconvolution technology, and normalizing the seismic wavelet form of the seismic data of the target area by using a pulse function as standard expected output of deconvolution to obtain normalized and shaped seismic data;

the first processing unit may be specifically configured to perform full-band frequency extension processing on the normalized and shaped seismic data by using a surface-consistent pulse deconvolution technique to eliminate an influence of interference waves, and reasonably release seismic signals in a spectrum suppression band to obtain full-band frequency-extended first-class seismic data for seismic wavelets.

In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a compensation module, which may be specifically configured to perform Q value compensation processing for removing wavelet time-varying characteristics on the seismic data of the target area.

In one embodiment, in order to perform whitening processing satisfying a random noise assumption on the interference signal in the first type of seismic data, the first processing module 23 may specifically include the following structural units:

the second processing unit may be specifically configured to perform suppression processing on the regular noise and the abnormal amplitude noise in the first type of seismic data to obtain second type of seismic data in which random noise is retained, where the regular noise is data in which a waveform of a signal meets a preset regular characteristic in spatial distribution, and the abnormal amplitude noise is data in which an amplitude of the signal changes abruptly in spatial distribution.

In an embodiment, the first processing module 23 may further include a third processing unit, which may be specifically configured to obtain an wellhead time record of the target area, and calculate a ghost prediction step length according to the wellhead time record; or, acquiring a near-surface velocity model and excitation well depth data of the target area, and calculating a ghost wave prediction step length according to the near-surface velocity model and the excitation well depth data; and according to the ghost wave prediction step length, carrying out suppression processing on the ghost waves in the second type of seismic data by adopting a prediction deconvolution technology.

In one embodiment, in order to perform data processing on the second type of seismic data to maintain full-band characteristics and noise whitening characteristics of the seismic data, and obtain a third type of seismic data, the second processing module 24 may specifically include the following structural units:

the first obtaining unit may be specifically configured to obtain a processing parameter through a preset processing flow, where the preset processing flow is a processing flow of high snr seismic data based on non-full band frequency extension, and the processing parameter at least includes: amplitude compensation, dynamic correction speed, reflected wave residual static correction value and offset imaging speed model parameters;

the fourth processing unit may be specifically configured to perform data processing that maintains a full-band feature and a noise whitening feature of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data by using the processing parameter, so as to obtain the third type of seismic data.

In an embodiment, the second processing module 24 may further include a conversion unit, and may be specifically configured to convert a minimum phase wavelet in the third type of seismic data into a zero phase wavelet.

In one embodiment, in order to perform optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data, the second shaping module 26 may specifically include the following structural units:

the analysis unit is specifically used for performing spectrum analysis on the fourth type of seismic data to determine a maximum effective bandwidth range;

the determining unit is specifically used for selecting the best resolution wavelet form desired by a user;

the second obtaining unit is specifically configured to obtain a frequency spectrum or a time domain convolution operator of the best resolution wavelet according to the best resolution wavelet form and the maximum effective bandwidth range;

the correction unit is specifically used for performing consistency shaping on the wavelet amplitude spectrum of the fourth type of seismic data through single-channel or multi-channel pulse deconvolution to obtain corrected fourth type of seismic data;

and the shaping unit is specifically configured to perform optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the modified fourth-class seismic data by using the frequency spectrum of the optimal resolution wavelet or the time domain convolution operator to obtain the target seismic data.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.

It should be noted that, the systems, devices, modules or units described in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or implemented by a product with certain functions. For convenience of description, in the present specification, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by functions, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.

Moreover, in the subject specification, adjectives such as first and second may only be used to distinguish one element or action from another element or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order. References to an element or component or step (etc.) should not be construed as limited to only one of the element, component, or step, but rather to one or more of the element, component, or step, etc., where the context permits.

From the above description, it can be seen that, according to the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application, due to consideration of the acquisition characteristics of two widths and one height (a wide band, a wide azimuth, and a high density) of seismic data, full-frequency-band frequency-broadening processing is performed on the seismic data through the first shaping module to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band, effective signals available in the seismic data are fully utilized, and then corresponding data processing is performed through other processing modules to achieve improvement of wavelet consistency of the seismic data and improvement of fidelity of the seismic data, so that full-frequency amplitude-preserving processing is performed on the seismic data to obtain more comprehensive seismic data with higher resolution.

There is also provided in an embodiment of the present application a computer storage medium based on a full frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method, the computer storage medium storing computer program instructions that, when executed, implement: acquiring seismic data of a target area; performing wavelet normalized shaping on the seismic data of the target area, and performing full-band frequency broadening processing on the seismic data subjected to the normalized shaping so as to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain first-class seismic data; wherein the full frequency band is a frequency range greater than or equal to 0Hz and less than or equal to a cut-off frequency; whitening processing is carried out on the interference signals in the first type of seismic data to meet the random noise hypothesis, so that second type of seismic data are obtained; performing data processing for keeping the full frequency band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data on the second type of seismic data to obtain third type of seismic data; performing pre-stack migration imaging processing on the third type of seismic data to obtain effective reflection signals of seismic waves, and taking the effective reflection signals of the seismic waves as fourth type of seismic data; and performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data.

In a specific implementation scenario example, the method and the apparatus for processing full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data according to the embodiment of the present application are applied to process seismic data acquired in a certain area, so as to obtain satisfactory seismic data. The detailed implementation process can be performed with reference to the following description in conjunction with the processing flow diagram of fig. 3, in which the full-frequency-coverage seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application are applied in one scenario example.

S1: acquiring seismic data of a target area; and performing spherical diffusion compensation and earth absorption compensation on the seismic data to compensate the influence of the propagation distance and the propagation path in the seismic data.

In this embodiment, after acquiring the seismic data of the target area, the seismic data of the target area may be divided into two sets of complete seismic data, and then one set of seismic data may be processed according to the contents represented by the following steps S2 to S7 by using the seismic data processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application as a main process to obtain satisfactory seismic data; meanwhile, the existing seismic data processing means is used as an auxiliary process, and processing parameters are obtained through a conventional process, wherein the processing parameters specifically comprise: dynamic correction, reflected wave residual static correction, horizontal stacking velocity, pre-stack migration velocity field, etc., so that the above processing parameters can be applied to step S6 in the main flow to obtain satisfactory seismic data with better resolution and better processing effect. In a specific execution process, processing effects obtained by the main process and the auxiliary process at the same stage can be compared, so that the advantages of the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the application in the processing process are highlighted.

S2: and suppressing the regular noise and the abnormal energy noise in the seismic data to obtain processed seismic data, and performing Q value compensation on the processed seismic data.

In the embodiment, only regular noise and abnormal energy noise are suppressed, so that damage to weak earthquake signals with low signal-to-noise ratio in a suppression band, which may be caused when random noise is suppressed, is avoided.

S3: and performing wavelet shaping on the processed seismic data through pulse deconvolution to obtain shaped seismic data. Specifically, referring to fig. 4a and 4b, a horizontal stacking section (corresponding to fig. 4a) after multi-pass deconvolution shaping and a horizontal stacking section (corresponding to fig. 4b) after surface-consistent deconvolution frequency broadening obtained by applying the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application in one scenario example can be respectively shown. And only performing suppression processing on the regular noise and the abnormal energy noise in the shaped seismic data to obtain a noise suppressed result. Specifically, fig. 5a and fig. 5b respectively show a schematic diagram of a single shot record after noise whitening in a scenario example in which the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application are applied, and a comparison schematic diagram of a single shot record after noise suppression by an existing method. Wherein, fig. 5a corresponds to a single shot record after a full-frequency amplitude-preserving main flow is subjected to noise whitening; fig. 5b corresponds to a shot record after suppressing the total noise in the conventional auxiliary flow. Comparing the image contents of fig. 5a and 5b, it can be found that the seismic data after the noise whitening processing in the full-frequency amplitude-preserving main flow achieves the effects of fully expanding the seismic weak signals with low signal-to-noise ratio in the suppression band and preserving random noise.

In this embodiment, the wavelet shaping the processed seismic data by single | multichannel pulse deconvolution to obtain shaped seismic data may specifically include: normalizing the wavelets in the processed seismic data by specifying a desired output of the wavelets.

S4: and carrying out full-band frequency broadening processing on the shaped seismic data through surface consistency pulse deconvolution to obtain frequency broadened seismic data. Specifically, fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of a horizontal stacking section obtained by applying the full-frequency-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application after shaping the single or multiple channels of pulse deconvolution in one scenario example, and fig. 4b is a schematic diagram of a horizontal stacking section obtained by applying the full-frequency-preserving seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application after frequency enhancement by surface-consistent pulse deconvolution in one scenario example (corresponding to a single shot record after frequency enhancement by surface-consistent pulse deconvolution). And carrying out secondary suppression processing on the regular noise and the abnormal energy noise in the spread frequency seismic data.

In the present embodiment, after the above-described processing, it is also possible to: calculating ghost wave prediction step length according to the wellhead time record of the target area; or, calculating ghost wave prediction step length according to the near-surface velocity model of the target area and the excitation well depth of the target area; and according to the ghost wave prediction step length, carrying out suppression processing on the ghost waves in the seismic data after frequency extension. This may further improve the resolution and accuracy of the acquired seismic data.

S5: and performing earth surface consistency amplitude compensation on the frequency extended seismic data.

S6: and (4) according to a preset processing flow, processing for keeping the full-frequency-band characteristic and the noise whitening characteristic of the seismic data is carried out on the seismic data obtained in the step (S5).

In the present embodiment, when the seismic data acquired in S1 is used as input data, the conventional processing flow is used as an auxiliary flow to acquire a dynamic correction amount and a reflected wave residual static correction amount, velocity analysis is performed through the auxiliary flow to acquire processing parameters such as horizontal stacking velocity and pre-stack migration velocity field, and the acquired processing parameters are applied to the seismic data acquired in the execution completion step S5 in the main flow in the order of the full frequency-preserving processing flow to acquire satisfactory seismic data. Specifically, wavelet zero-phasing processing is carried out on the seismic data of the main process; performing dynamic correction processing on the seismic data of the main process according to the horizontal stacking velocity determined by the auxiliary process; time correction is carried out on the seismic data of the main process according to the reflection wave residual static correction value determined by the auxiliary process; horizontally stacking the seismic data of the main process; and performing pre-stack migration on the seismic data of the main process according to the pre-stack migration velocity field determined by the auxiliary process to obtain a pre-stack migration profile, namely the fourth type of seismic data. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6a, in one scenario example, a pre-stack migration profile obtained by applying the full-dwell processing method and apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application may be referred to, and corresponds to the pre-stack migration profile obtained by full-dwell processing the main flow; fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of a prestack time migration profile obtained by an existing method in one scenario example, which corresponds to a prestack migration profile obtained by an existing conventional auxiliary procedure. Comparing the two pre-stack migration profiles: the pre-stack migration profile obtained based on the implementation mode of the application reserves the seismic weak signals with the suppression band and the low signal-to-noise ratio, so that the obtained seismic data is richer in frequency, more detailed in details and higher in resolution ratio, and can reflect more and richer geological features.

S7: and performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping processing on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain seismic data meeting the requirements.

In this embodiment, in a specific implementation, referring to fig. 7, in a scenario example, the amplitude spectrum of S6 data is used to determine the accurate low-frequency end position and high-frequency end position of the effective frequency band, by providing frequency values of the low-frequency end position and high-frequency end position of the effective frequency band and an expected main frequency value, a cosine wave shaping operator with the best resolution is obtained, and the fourth type of seismic data is subjected to the wavelet shaping processing with the best resolution, so as to obtain seismic data with relatively high resolution and meeting the requirements of main lobe energy concentration and side lobe width for subsequent fine seismic exploration.

In the present embodiment, the relevant technical features and differences between the main process based on the method and the auxiliary process based on the conventional method are respectively compared, and specifically, the difference comparison result table of the main process and the auxiliary process shown in table 1 may be referred to.

TABLE 1 comparison of differences between Main Process and auxiliary Process

By comparing the contents shown in table 1, the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following specific differences from the conventional seismic data processing method: compared with the existing full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method, the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the application strengthens the acquisition and utilization of the effective weak seismic signals which are in a frequency spectrum suppression band and have low signal-to-noise ratio; expanding seismic signals, namely effective signals or noise, through a full frequency band (including 0 hz-cut frequency) to ensure that all seismic effective signals in a suppression band can be effectively compensated, so that the aim of fully utilizing all seismic effective signals is fulfilled; in the processing process, the protection of the earthquake effective weak signals contained in random noise is highlighted by only suppressing regular noise and abnormal energy noise, so that the damage to the earthquake effective weak signals in the noise suppression process is avoided; the wavelet form is normalized through the pulse deconvolution technology, and the time-varying wavelets and the space-varying wavelets are normalized and shaped at the same time, so that weak links of the existing method in the implementation process are made up; calculating the ghost time difference by using a speed model of surface structure investigation and well depth parameters, determining an accurate ghost prediction step length, suppressing ghost ghosts by using prediction deconvolution, and correcting the error method of suppressing ghosts by using the conventional time-division window and different prediction step lengths; the characteristics of high density and high coverage of a new seismic data acquisition technology of 'two widths and one height' are fully utilized, random noise is suppressed by means of statistical methods such as horizontal stacking and pre-stack migration, and effective seismic data are obtained, so that all available effective information in the seismic data can be completely and truly reserved; through wavelet optimal resolution shaping, the shaped seismic wavelet form can meet the characteristics of main lobe energy concentration and sidelobe width relaxation, the optimal high resolution effect is obtained, and the error method that the frequency pass-band width or the higher main frequency position is pursued on a single plane in the prior art is changed.

Summarizing the difference, the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the application is particularly suitable for data processing of seismic data acquired by 'two widths and one height', can fully mine the advantages of high density and high coverage of the acquired seismic data, and is beneficial to follow-up utilization of the processed seismic data to more accurately perform seismic exploration work such as knowledge of a deposition system, lithologic body prediction, determination of oil and gas reservoir types and the like by expanding seismic signals through a full frequency band and avoiding processing means which can damage effective seismic signals in the processing process.

Through the scene example, the processing effect of the full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method and device provided by the embodiment of the application is verified, and the processing effect is different from that of the conventional processing technology. The acquisition characteristics of two widths and one height (wide frequency band, wide azimuth and high density) of the seismic data are considered, the full-frequency-band frequency extension processing is carried out on the seismic data to release all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band, available effective signals in the seismic data are fully utilized, and corresponding data processing is carried out subsequently to improve the wavelet consistency of the seismic data, improve the fidelity of the seismic data, and obtain the seismic data with richer information, higher resolution and better consistency.

Although various specific embodiments are mentioned in the disclosure of the present application, the present application is not limited to the cases described in the industry standards or the examples, and the like, and some industry standards or the embodiments slightly modified based on the implementation described in the custom manner or the examples can also achieve the same, equivalent or similar, or the expected implementation effects after the modifications. Embodiments employing such modified or transformed data acquisition, processing, output, determination, etc., may still fall within the scope of alternative embodiments of the present application.

Although the present application provides method steps as described in an embodiment or flowchart, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an apparatus or client product in practice executes, it may execute sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multithreaded processing environment, or even in a distributed data processing environment) according to the embodiments or methods shown in the figures. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of additional identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the recited elements is not excluded.

While the present application has been described by way of examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application that do not depart from the spirit of the present application and that the appended embodiments are intended to include such variations and permutations without departing from the present application.

Claims

1. A full-frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

acquiring seismic data of a target area;

performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data;

the wavelet normalization shaping is carried out on the seismic data of the target area, the full-band frequency broadening processing is carried out on the seismic data after the normalization shaping, all seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band are released, and the first type of seismic data are obtained, and the wavelet normalization shaping method comprises the following steps:

performing seismic wavelet shaping on the seismic data of the target area by a single-channel or multi-channel pulse deconvolution technology, and normalizing the seismic wavelet form of the seismic data of the target area by using a pulse function as standard expected output of deconvolution to obtain normalized and shaped seismic data; and carrying out full-band frequency extension processing on the normalized and shaped seismic data by a ground surface consistency pulse deconvolution technology to eliminate the influence of interference waves and reasonably release seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain the first type of seismic data after full-band frequency extension for seismic wavelets.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to performing wavelet normalization shaping on the seismic data for the target area and performing full-band frequency broadening processing on the normalized seismic data to release all seismic signals in a spectral compressed band to obtain seismic data of the first type, the method further comprises:

3. The method of claim 1, wherein whitening the interfering signals in the first type of seismic data to satisfy a random noise assumption comprises:

4. The method of claim 1, wherein after whitening the interfering signals in the first type of seismic data to obtain a second type of seismic data that satisfies a random noise assumption, the method further comprises:

acquiring a wellhead time record of the target area, and calculating a ghost wave prediction step length according to the wellhead time record;

or the like, or, alternatively,

acquiring a near-surface velocity model and excitation well depth data of the target area, and calculating a ghost wave prediction step length according to the near-surface velocity model and the excitation well depth data;

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subjecting the second type of seismic data to data processing that preserves full band and noise whitening characteristics of the seismic data to obtain a third type of seismic data comprises:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein after the processing parameters are used to perform data processing on the second type of seismic data that preserves full band and noise whitening characteristics of the seismic data to obtain the third type of seismic data, the method further comprises:

7. The method of claim 1, wherein performing best resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data comprises:

selecting a best resolution wavelet form desired by a user;

8. A full frequency amplitude-preserving seismic data processing device, comprising:

the acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data of a target area;

the second shaping module is used for performing optimal resolution wavelet shaping on the fourth type of seismic data to obtain target seismic data;

the first shaping module is specifically used for performing seismic wavelet shaping on the seismic data of the target area through a single-channel or multi-channel pulse deconvolution technology, and normalizing the seismic wavelet form of the seismic data of the target area by using a pulse function as standard expected output of deconvolution to obtain normalized and shaped seismic data; and carrying out full-band frequency extension processing on the normalized and shaped seismic data by a ground surface consistency pulse deconvolution technology to eliminate the influence of interference waves and reasonably release seismic signals in a frequency spectrum suppression band to obtain the first type of seismic data after full-band frequency extension for seismic wavelets.