CN113341462A - Zero-phase processing method for marine seismic data - Google Patents
Zero-phase processing method for marine seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/30—Noise handling
- G01V2210/32—Noise reduction
- G01V2210/324—Filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
Abstract
The invention discloses a zero phase processing method of marine seismic data, which comprises the following steps of 1: acquiring seismic data, screening out the seismic data with the minimum phase from the seismic data, and performing ghost wave removing processing on the seismic data with the minimum phase to obtain the seismic data meeting the minimum phase and the white noise; step 2: performing pulse deconvolution operation to obtain a reflection sequence signal which has a sharp pulse and is positioned at the underground reflection interface or close to the underground reflection interface; and step 3: screening seismic data with the highest quality as effective reflection signals, performing spectrum analysis and estimating effective frequency bandwidth to obtain the maximum effective frequency bandwidth; and 4, step 4: and selecting proper spectrum shaping parameters according to the maximum effective bandwidth, the quasi-zero phasing and the signal-to-noise ratio, and performing spectrum shaping to obtain seismic data subjected to zero-phasing processing. The invention can achieve ideal zero-phase processing effect and realize the zero-phase processing of signal-to-noise ratio maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of zero-phase processing under geophysical exploration seismic data processing, in particular to a zero-phase processing method for marine seismic data.
Background
With the continuous deepening of seismic exploration and development work, the requirement on the longitudinal resolution of basic seismic data for reservoir prediction is higher and higher, and the higher requirement is provided for the correspondence degree between the reflection horizon and the underground real reflection information. Since the seismic profile resolution of the zero-phase wavelet is highest, it is generally desirable to obtain a zero-phase wavelet. In order to obtain the zero-phase wavelet, after a series of processing for improving the longitudinal resolution of the seismic data is adopted, zero-phasing processing needs to be carried out on the minimum-phase wavelet of the stacked data, so as to avoid the problem that the seismic reflection event of the non-zero-phase seismic wavelet cannot accurately correspond to the underground real reflection position. Therefore, the zero-phase processing of the seismic exploration data plays an important role in improving the resolution of the data and improving the data interpretation effect.
When the post-stack data wavelet is mixed phase, there are usually two methods of homomorphism transformation and pure phase filtering to perform zero phase quantization. When the post-stack data wavelet is the minimum phase, if the seismic wavelet is known, the seismic wavelet can be converted into a zero-phase wavelet, and then a zero-phase factor is obtained by utilizing matched filtering; if the seismic wavelet is unknown, a part with a high signal-to-noise ratio can be directly selected from the post-stack data, and a zero phase factor is obtained on the premise that the reflection coefficient is assumed to be white noise.
At present, the common zero-phasing processes mainly include: the seismic data are subjected to zero-phasing processing through well matching processing, zero-phasing processing based on wavelet set estimation optimal wavelets and well logging synthetic record comparison, constant-phase shift correction, application of far-field wavelets (namely, a zero-phasing operator obtained by the far-field wavelets is applied to seismic data processing to realize zero-phasing processing of the seismic data), and the like. However, some zero-phasing techniques are applied to the well logging, far-field wavelets and other harsh conditions, which may limit some applications in real-world applications. Therefore, zero-phasing processing can be directly carried out on marine seismic data without far-field wavelets and logging data, so that the field acquisition cost can be reduced, and the method has economic significance on actual marine exploration engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a zero-phase processing method for marine seismic data, which can solve the problem of zero-phase processing of seismic data under far-field wavelets and well log data.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a zero-phase processing method for marine seismic data comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring seismic data, screening out seismic data with a minimum phase from the seismic data, performing ghost wave removing processing on the seismic data with the minimum phase to obtain seismic data meeting minimum phase and white noise, and recording the seismic data as first seismic data;
step 2: completing pulse deconvolution operation of each gather of the first seismic data in a t-x domain shot gather to compress seismic wavelets recorded in the first seismic data into sharp pulses, and further obtaining reflection sequence signals of an underground reflection interface or a position close to the underground reflection interface from the first seismic data, so that reflection sequence signals which have sharp pulses and are positioned at the underground reflection interface or the position close to the underground reflection interface are obtained and recorded as second seismic data;
and step 3: screening seismic data with the highest quality from the second seismic data as effective reflection signals, analyzing the frequency spectrum of the effective reflection signals, and estimating the effective frequency bandwidth of the effective reflection signals so as to obtain the maximum effective frequency bandwidth of the second seismic data;
and 4, step 4: and selecting a proper spectrum shaping parameter according to the maximum effective bandwidth and the quasi-zero phasing and by combining the signal-to-noise ratio of the second seismic data, performing spectrum shaping on the second seismic data by using the spectrum shaping parameter, and obtaining the seismic data after the zero phasing by using the second seismic data after the spectrum shaping.
Further, the ghost processing includes seismic ghost and cable ghost removal.
Further, seismic data of an appropriate sampling rate is selected as the seismic data obtained so that the first seismic data processed by step 1 has an appropriate sampling rate, and the first seismic data having an appropriate sampling rate is subjected to the pulse deconvolution processing of step 2.
Further, the spectrum shaping parameters include frequencies and weight coefficients corresponding to the frequencies.
Further, the selecting of the appropriate spectral shaping parameter is determined by:
and setting the effective frequency bandwidth range into a pass-through region, setting the effective frequency bandwidth range out of the pass-through region into a compression region, and setting a proper transition zone between the pass-through region and the compression region.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can aim at the technical difficulty of zero-phase processing to be solved, when the seismic data input by prestack deconvolution conforms to the minimum phase and white noise, the ideal zero-phase processing effect can be achieved by pulse deconvolution processing, and the zero-phase characteristic of the seismic data is not damaged by spectral shaping processing after the pulse deconvolution. By adopting the method of combining pulse deconvolution with spectrum shaping, the zero-phase processing of signal-to-noise ratio maintenance is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the effect of zero-phasing processing of theoretical minimum-phase seismic wavelets from left to right (part a-c);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of theoretical wavelet time shifts after deconvolution of seismic data (input wavelets in the graph) at different sampling rates;
FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an original single shot;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the original single shot of FIG. 4a after being demosaiced;
FIG. 4c is a schematic representation of the single shot of FIG. 4b after pulse deconvolution and spectral shaping;
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of a selected portion of the data shown in FIG. 4a being superimposed and corresponding frequency spectrums;
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of a selected portion of the data shown in FIG. 4b being superimposed and the corresponding frequency spectrum;
fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of a selected portion of the data shown in fig. 4c being superimposed and the corresponding frequency spectrum.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-3, 4 a-4 c, and 5 a-5 c, a method for zero-phase processing marine seismic data includes the following steps:
step 1: obtaining seismic data, screening out the seismic data with the minimum phase from the seismic data, carrying out ghost wave removing processing on the seismic data with the minimum phase to obtain the seismic data meeting the minimum phase and the white noise, and recording the seismic data as the first seismic data.
The ghost wave removing processing includes removing the seismic source ghost wave and the cable ghost wave, that is, removing the seismic source ghost wave and the cable ghost wave at the same time.
In this step, the seismic data may be divided into shot gather data and gather data according to the arrangement, the seismic shot gather data is arranged by shot domain, and the seismic shot gather data is CMP gather data according to CMP arrangement. In this embodiment, the seismic data is preferably recorded in a shot gather manner, and therefore, the seismic data is preferably seismic shot gather data.
Step 2: and (2) completing pulse deconvolution operation of each gather of the first seismic data in the step (1) in a t-x domain (namely a time-space domain) shot gather to compress seismic wavelets recorded in the first seismic data into sharp pulses, and further obtaining a reflection sequence signal of an underground reflection interface or a reflection sequence signal close to the underground reflection interface from the first seismic data, so that a reflection sequence signal which has the sharp pulses and is positioned at the underground reflection interface or close to the underground reflection interface is obtained and is recorded as second seismic data.
In the step, pulse deconvolution operation is carried out on the first seismic data, and the purpose is to eliminate the action of the ground filter on the first seismic data, so that the seismic wavelets can be compressed into spiky seismic wavelets, and the reflection sequence signals of the underground reflection interface can be screened out.
Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the zero-phasing process of the theoretical minimum-phase seismic wavelet from left to right (portion a-c). When the seismic data input by pulse deconvolution meet the minimum phasing and the white whitening, the seismic data obtained after the pulse deconvolution processing also has a more ideal zero phasing effect, and is still similar to the zero phase after the spectrum shaping, so that the zero phase characteristic of the seismic data can be not damaged after the pulse deconvolution processing. In fig. 2, a is the minimum phase seismic wavelet, b is the pulse deconvolution processing to the minimum phase seismic wavelet and output the pulse, the pulse is approximate to zero phase, c is the spectral shaping processing to the seismic wavelet after the pulse deconvolution processing, and the output is still approximate to zero phase.
It should be noted that there is a difference in the effect of performing the pulse deconvolution processing on the seismic data with different sampling rates, and for this reason, the seismic data with the appropriate sampling rate needs to be selected for the pulse deconvolution processing. Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of theoretical wavelet time shifts after deconvolution of seismic data (input wavelets in the graph) at different sampling rates. "gap" in the figure indicates a sampling rate, and for example, gap 1ms indicates a sampling rate of 1ms (1 millisecond). As can be seen from FIG. 3, the delays from the wavelet main peak to the standard zero-phase wavelet main peak obtained by the pulse deconvolution processing with different sampling rates are different, wherein the delay amount of the pulse deconvolution with the sampling rate of 1ms is the smallest, and the zero-phasing degree is the highest.
And step 3: and screening out the seismic data which has the highest quality and can represent the wavelet part of the seismic source from the second seismic data as effective reflection signals, analyzing the frequency spectrum of the effective reflection signals, and estimating the effective frequency bandwidth of the effective reflection signals so as to obtain the maximum effective frequency bandwidth (namely the frequency bandwidth) and the quasi-zero phasing of the second seismic data. By quasi-zero phasing is meant approaching but not yet reaching zero phase.
The effective frequency bandwidth can be estimated after the spectrum analysis by using the prior art, for example, the existing commercial software for seismic data processing has such a function, which is not described herein again.
In the step, the seismic data with the highest quality is screened out, and signals which can represent the seismic wavelets most after various interferences are eliminated according to empirical analysis. During actual operation and processing, the seismic data with the least interference and the highest signal-to-noise ratio, namely the seismic data which can represent the effective reflection signals, is found out artificially in the seismic data range.
Through the processing of the step 2 and the step 3, the pulse deconvolution enhances the resolution of the effective reflection signal, enhances the noise outside the frequency band of the effective reflection signal, and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the second seismic data after the pulse deconvolution processing. For this reason, it is also necessary to select appropriate spectral shaping parameters for the spectral shaping process.
And 4, step 4: and selecting a proper spectrum shaping parameter according to the maximum effective bandwidth and the quasi-zero phasing and in combination with consideration of the signal-to-noise ratio of the second seismic data, performing spectrum shaping on the second seismic data by using the spectrum shaping parameter, and obtaining the seismic data after the zero phasing treatment by using the second seismic data after the spectrum shaping treatment, namely obtaining the seismic data with the zero phasing. Therefore, on the premise of not reducing the signal-to-noise ratio, the noise signals of the low-frequency part and the high-frequency part of the second seismic data are subjected to suppression attenuation processing.
The low frequency and the high frequency are frequencies in a concept, and are not specific to a certain frequency band, that is, the frequency of the low frequency part is lower than that of the high frequency part. The low frequency portion and the high frequency portion are typically determined from the seismic data of the survey area by an experienced seismic data processing technician, based on the actual situation.
The effective frequency bandwidth range can be set into a pass-through region by selecting proper spectrum shaping parameters, the effective frequency bandwidth range is set into a compression region outside the effective frequency bandwidth range, and a proper transition band is arranged between the pass-through region and the compression region. The spectral shaping parameters typically include frequencies and weight coefficients corresponding to the frequencies.
The obtained seismic data with zero phase can provide reliable basic data for subsequent seismic data interpretation.
Referring to fig. 4 a-4 c, fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of an original single-shot, fig. 4b is a schematic diagram of the original single-shot of fig. 4a after being subjected to ghost wave removing processing, and fig. 4c is a schematic diagram of the single-shot of fig. 4b after being subjected to pulse deconvolution and spectral shaping processing. From the comparison of the single shot records demonstrated by the three images, the zero-phasing effect is obviously improved, the resolution is high, and the wave group characteristics are good.
Referring to fig. 5a to 5c, fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of selecting a portion of the data shown in fig. 4a for superposition and a corresponding frequency spectrum, fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of selecting a portion of the data shown in fig. 4b for superposition and a corresponding frequency spectrum, and fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of selecting a portion of the data shown in fig. 4c for superposition and a corresponding frequency spectrum. As can be seen from the comparison of the three superposed sectional views, the zero-phasing processing effect of the submarine wavelets in the seismic data processed by the method is good, and the arrival time of the minimum-phase wavelets corresponding to the submarine positions is correctly corresponding to the arrival time of the zero-phase wavelets; as can be seen from the comparison of the three frequency spectrograms, the resolution ratio after the zero phase processing is obviously improved.
It should be noted that, although the ordinate is not labeled in fig. 4a to 4c and fig. 5a to 5c, those skilled in the art will not affect the reading and understanding of these drawings.
The invention can be directly applied to the field of geophysical exploration seismic data processing, in particular to the problem of zero-phase processing in marine seismic data processing, and can be applied to high-resolution processing of marine oil-gas seismic exploration data. Aiming at the technical difficulty of zero-phase processing to be solved, when the seismic data input by prestack deconvolution conforms to the minimum phase and white noise, the ideal zero-phase processing effect can be achieved by pulse deconvolution, and the zero-phase characteristic of the seismic data is not damaged by spectral shaping after pulse deconvolution. By adopting the method of combining pulse deconvolution with spectrum shaping, the zero-phase processing of signal-to-noise ratio maintenance is realized. The frequency band range of the effective wave is determined according to the spectrum analysis, and accurate spectrum shaping processing is carried out. The method can be used for zero-phase processing of marine seismic exploration data, can greatly improve the quality of seismic data processing results, provides reliable basic data for data interpretation, facilitates fine prediction of reservoir positions, realizes efficient development, and has good application prospects.
The embodiments disclosed in this description are only an exemplification of the single-sided characteristics of the invention, and the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any other functionally equivalent embodiments fall within the scope of protection of the invention. Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A zero-phase processing method for marine seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring seismic data, screening out seismic data with a minimum phase from the seismic data, performing ghost wave removing processing on the seismic data with the minimum phase to obtain seismic data meeting minimum phase and white noise, and recording the seismic data as first seismic data;
step 2: completing pulse deconvolution operation of each gather of the first seismic data in a t-x domain shot gather to compress seismic wavelets recorded in the first seismic data into sharp pulses, and further obtaining reflection sequence signals of an underground reflection interface or a position close to the underground reflection interface from the first seismic data, so that reflection sequence signals which have sharp pulses and are positioned at the underground reflection interface or the position close to the underground reflection interface are obtained and recorded as second seismic data;
and step 3: screening seismic data with the highest quality from the second seismic data as effective reflection signals, analyzing the frequency spectrum of the effective reflection signals, and estimating the effective frequency bandwidth of the effective reflection signals so as to obtain the maximum effective frequency bandwidth of the second seismic data;
and 4, step 4: and selecting a proper spectrum shaping parameter according to the maximum effective bandwidth and the quasi-zero phasing and by combining the signal-to-noise ratio of the second seismic data, performing spectrum shaping on the second seismic data by using the spectrum shaping parameter, and obtaining the seismic data after the zero phasing by using the second seismic data after the spectrum shaping.
2. The marine seismic data zero-phase processing method of claim 1, wherein the de-ghost processing comprises de-source ghost and cable ghost.
3. The method of zero-phase processing of marine seismic data of claim 1, wherein seismic data of a suitable sampling rate is selected as the seismic data obtained such that the first seismic data processed in step 1 has a suitable sampling rate, and the first seismic data having a suitable sampling rate is subjected to the pulse deconvolution in step 2.
4. The marine seismic data zero-phase processing method of claim 1, wherein the spectral shaping parameters comprise frequency and weight coefficients corresponding to the frequency.
5. The marine seismic data zero-phase processing method of claim 1, wherein the selecting suitable spectral shaping parameters is determined by:
and setting the effective frequency bandwidth range into a pass-through region, setting the effective frequency bandwidth range out of the pass-through region into a compression region, and setting a proper transition zone between the pass-through region and the compression region.
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