CN109254075B - Electrode heating device for high-voltage test in liquid environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
An electrode heating device for a liquid environment high-voltage test is composed of a heating electrode (1), a high-voltage ball electrode (2), an electrode support (3), a high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball (4), a grounding side voltage-sharing ball (5), a high-voltage connecting rod (6), a high-voltage lead (7), a grounding lead (8) and a direct-current stabilized power supply (9). The heating electrode (1) is connected to a direct current stabilized power supply (9) through a positive electrode lead (10) and a negative electrode lead (11), and the heating power of the heating electrode (1) is changed by changing the output power of the direct current stabilized power supply (9), so that the thermal effect of short-circuit current under the condition that a short-circuit fault occurs in a power system is simulated. The breakdown voltage between the high-voltage ball electrode (2) and the heating electrode (1) is measured, relevant mathematical processing is carried out on the breakdown voltage data, the breakdown voltage data can be used as a theoretical basis for designing the insulation distance when the high-voltage power equipment is in short circuit fault, and a test basis is provided for perfecting a liquid breakdown theory.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrode heating device for performing a high-voltage test in a liquid environment.
Background
The liquid has the characteristics of high breakdown field strength, good self-recovery property and the like, so the liquid is used as an insulating medium in a plurality of high-voltage power equipment. However, due to the complex physicochemical properties of the liquid medium, the breakdown model and breakdown mechanism of the liquid at high voltage are not yet mature. At present, the main stream of the liquid breakdown theory is the bubble breakdown theory of liquid insulation, and after bubbles are generated in liquid due to various reasons such as heat generation, gas is ionized and accumulated into a 'gas bridge', so that the liquid medium is broken down.
High voltage power equipment of work in the liquid environment takes place under the condition of short circuit fault at electric power system, short circuit current sharply increases, because short circuit current's heat effect produces a large amount of heats on high voltage power equipment surface, heat transfer makes the liquid boil behind the liquid thereby produce the bubble, the bubble of production can produce great influence to original insulation system, the dielectric strength of greatly reduced liquid, the main reason is that gas self insulation breakdown strength is lower, and the electric field intensity in the bubble is higher, so ionization and polarization take place easily, take place partial discharge phenomenon. When the bubble reaches a certain critical length and even penetrates the entire electrode gap, a breakdown occurs. These factors should be considered when designing the insulation.
Currently, electrode heating devices have been applied to various fields. In 2008, US200812165053 proposes a temperature controlled electrode device for use in microfluidic devices, the power applied to the temperature controlled electrode being adjusted by varying the duty cycle of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). In 2017, KR20160032762 proposed a temperature-controlling electrode for an electric boiler to heat water, and ionized water generated by arc discharge can have a skin-beautifying effect. In 2016, Chinese patent CN201620742359.0 discloses a body surface operation electrode used in a radio frequency temperature control thermal coagulator, which does not need CT guidance and sterile environment in use. In 2017, chinese patent CN201711024963.5 discloses a thermochemical cell test bed with controllable electrode temperature and a method thereof, which provides a solution for the output characteristic test of the thermochemical cell under various temperature conditions. The temperature control electrode device for performing the high-voltage test in the liquid environment needs a good high-voltage insulation measure, and also needs to consider the insulation problem caused by overhigh local electric field intensity due to the edge effect and the surface roughness, and the equipment has corresponding reliability and stability under the action of the liquid environment and the high voltage, so that the heating electrode device cannot be used for the high-voltage test in the liquid environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrode heating device for a high-voltage test in a liquid environment, aiming at the defect that the existing electrode heating device is not suitable for the high-voltage test. The invention controls the heating power of the heating pipe or the heating belt by changing the output power of the direct current stabilized voltage supply, thereby changing the heating power of the heating electrode and simulating the thermal effect of short-circuit current under the condition that a power system has short-circuit fault. The breakdown voltage between the high-voltage ball electrode and the heating electrode is measured, relevant mathematical processing is carried out on the breakdown voltage data, the breakdown voltage data can be used as a theoretical basis for designing the insulation distance of high-voltage power equipment, and a test basis is provided for perfecting a liquid breakdown theory.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the electrode heating device consists of a heating electrode, a high-voltage ball electrode, an electrode bracket, a high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball, a grounding side voltage-sharing ball, a high-voltage connecting rod, a high-voltage lead, a grounding lead and a direct-current stabilized power supply. The heating electrode is provided with a plurality of heating pipe holes, and each heating pipe hole is inserted with a heating pipe. One end of each heating tube is led out of a positive lead and a negative lead. The heating pipes inserted into the heating pipe holes are connected in parallel, the anode leads of the heating pipes connected in parallel are connected in parallel and then are connected to the anode lead output port of the direct current stabilized power supply, and the cathode leads are connected in parallel and then are connected to the cathode lead output port of the direct current stabilized power supply.
The electrode support is composed of an upper electrode support disc, a lower electrode support disc and an electrode support column. The electrode support supporting column is positioned between the electrode support upper supporting disc and the electrode support lower supporting disc, and supports the electrode support upper supporting disc and the electrode support lower supporting disc. The upper end of the electrode support supporting column penetrates out of the upper end face of the supporting disc on the electrode support supporting column, and the lower end of the electrode support supporting column penetrates out of the lower end face of the lower supporting disc of the electrode support supporting column. And each electrode support column is provided with an insulating nut which is positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the support disc on the electrode support and on the upper surface and the lower surface of the support disc under the electrode support, and the support disc on the electrode support and the support disc under the electrode support are fixed. Meanwhile, the distance between the upper support disc of the electrode support and the lower support disc of the electrode support can be changed by changing the position of the insulating nut.
One end of the high-voltage lead is fixed between the high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball and the high-voltage connecting rod, and the other end of the high-voltage lead is connected to the high-voltage generator. The high-pressure side pressure-equalizing ball is positioned at the top of the high-pressure connecting rod and is connected with the high-pressure connecting rod through a screw rod.
The high-voltage ball electrode is positioned at the bottom of the high-voltage connecting rod and is connected with the high-voltage connecting rod through a screw rod.
One end of the grounding lead is fixed between the grounding side voltage-sharing ball and the electrode support lower supporting disk, and the other end of the grounding lead is connected with the ground. The grounding side pressure equalizing ball is positioned right below the electrode support lower supporting disk, the heating electrode is positioned right above the electrode support lower supporting disk, and the grounding side pressure equalizing ball, the electrode support lower supporting disk and the heating electrode are connected through a screw rod.
A flange is fixed on the supporting disc on the electrode support, an internal thread is arranged on the flange, an external thread is arranged at the corresponding position of the high-pressure connecting rod, and the gap between the high-pressure ball electrode and the heating electrode is adjusted by rotating the high-pressure connecting rod.
The heating pipe can also be a heating belt. The heating electrode is provided with a heating belt groove, and the heating belt is embedded in the heating belt groove. And a positive lead and a negative lead are led out from one end of the heating belt. The positive lead and the negative lead are respectively connected to a positive lead output port and a negative lead output port of the direct-current stabilized power supply.
When the electrode heating device works, the electrode heating device is completely immersed in liquid.
The heating electrode, the high-voltage ball electrode, the high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball, the grounding side voltage-sharing ball and the high-voltage connecting rod are all made of metal materials with higher electrical conductivity. When the high voltage generator is started to generate high voltage, the high voltage lead, the high voltage ball electrode, the high voltage side voltage-sharing ball and the high voltage connecting rod are all endowed with the same high potential. The ground lead, the heater electrode, and the ground side voltage-equalizing ball are all given a zero potential.
The high-voltage side pressure equalizing ball can reduce the high field intensity at the tip of the upper end of the high-voltage connecting rod and the tip of the screw rod at the upper end of the high-voltage connecting rod, and reduce the unevenness of an electric field. The grounded side pressure equalizing ball can reduce the higher field intensity at the screw tip of the support under electrode support, and reduce the unevenness of an electric field.
The gap between the high-voltage ball electrode and the heating electrode is small, and the breakdown discharge phenomenon can occur firstly. When the DC stabilized power supply does not work, the heating electrode is only a common grounding electrode.
When the direct current stabilized voltage power supply works, the heating electrode is heated by the heating pipe or the heating belt. The invention controls the heating power of the heating pipe or the heating belt by changing the output power of the direct current stabilized voltage power supply, thereby changing the heating power of the heating electrode and simulating the heat effect of the short-circuit current under the condition that the short-circuit fault occurs in the power system. The heating electrode generates heat to enable the liquid to be gasified, bubbles are generated on a discharge path between the high-voltage ball electrode and the heating electrode, so that the breakdown voltage is reduced, the breakdown voltages of the high-voltage ball electrode and the heating electrode under different gaps are measured, relevant mathematical processing is carried out on the breakdown voltage data, and the measurement method can be used as a theoretical basis for designing the insulation distance when the high-voltage power equipment is in short circuit fault.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the heating power of the heating pipe or the heating belt is controlled by changing the output power of the direct-current stabilized power supply, so that the heating power of the heating electrode is changed, and the thermal effect of short-circuit current under the condition that a short-circuit fault occurs in a power system is simulated.
(2) By measuring the breakdown voltage between the high-voltage ball electrode and the heating electrode and carrying out relevant mathematical processing on the breakdown voltage data, the method can be used as a theoretical basis for designing the insulation distance of high-voltage power equipment, and provides a test basis for perfecting a liquid breakdown theory.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrode heating apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the working circuit of the electrode heating apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an electrode holder structure employed in the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of a heater electrode according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 4b is a cross-sectional view of the heater electrode according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a heating tube according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a heater electrode according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a heating belt according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating electrode device used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electrode heating apparatus of the present invention is composed of a heating electrode 1, a high-voltage ball electrode 2, an electrode holder 3, a high-voltage side voltage-equalizing ball 4, a ground side voltage-equalizing ball 5, a high-voltage connecting rod 6, a high-voltage lead 7, a ground lead 8, and a dc stabilized power supply 9.
One end of a high-voltage lead 7 is fixed between the high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball 4 and the high-voltage connecting rod 6, and the other end of the high-voltage lead 7 is connected to a high-voltage generator. The high-pressure side pressure equalizing ball 4 is positioned at the top of the high-pressure connecting rod 6, and the high-pressure side pressure equalizing ball 4 is connected with the high-pressure connecting rod 6 through a screw rod. The high-voltage ball electrode 2 is positioned at the bottom of the high-voltage connecting rod 6, and the high-voltage ball electrode 2 is connected with the high-voltage connecting rod 6 through a screw rod. One end of the grounding lead 8 is fixed between the grounding side voltage-sharing ball 5 and the electrode support lower supporting disc 13, and the other end of the grounding lead 8 is connected with the ground. The grounding side pressure equalizing ball 5 is positioned right below the electrode support lower supporting plate 13, the heating electrode 1 is positioned right above the electrode support lower supporting plate 13, and the grounding side pressure equalizing ball 5, the electrode support lower supporting plate 13 and the heating electrode 1 are connected through a screw rod.
A flange is fixed on the electrode support upper supporting disc 12 and provided with an internal thread, an external thread is arranged at the corresponding position of the high-voltage connecting rod 6, and the gap between the high-voltage ball electrode 2 and the heating electrode 1 is adjusted by rotating the high-voltage connecting rod 6. In any case, the thread of the high-voltage connecting rod 6 must not exceed the coverage of the flange, so as to prevent the point discharge phenomenon from occurring on the high-voltage side.
The surfaces of the heating electrode 1, the high-voltage ball electrode 2, the high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball 4, the grounding side voltage-sharing ball 5, the high-voltage connecting rod 6 and the flange need to be polished, and the corresponding tip positions of the heating electrode 1 and the flange need to be chamfered so as to avoid local discharge caused by burrs or overhigh electric field intensity at the tip.
As shown in fig. 3, the electrode holder 3 is composed of an electrode holder upper support plate 12, an electrode holder lower support plate 13, and electrode holder support columns 14. The electrode support supporting column 14 is positioned between the electrode support upper supporting disk 12 and the electrode support lower supporting disk 13, and supports the electrode support upper supporting disk 12 and the electrode support lower supporting disk 13. The upper ends of the electrode support supporting columns 14 penetrate through the upper end surfaces of the supporting disks on the electrode support supporting columns 14, and the lower ends of the electrode support supporting columns 14 penetrate through the lower end surfaces of the supporting disks under the electrode support supporting columns 14. And each electrode support supporting column 14 is provided with an insulating nut which is positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrode support upper supporting disc 12 and the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrode support lower supporting disc 13 and used for fixing the electrode support upper supporting disc 12 and the electrode support lower supporting disc 13. At the same time, the distance between the electrode holder upper support disc 12 and the electrode holder lower support disc 13 can be changed by changing the position of the insulating nut.
The electrode support 3 and the insulating nut both have good insulating performance so as to avoid surface flashover during high-voltage test, and have enough stability and mechanical strength in liquid.
As shown in fig. 4a, 4b and 5, the heating electrode 1 is provided with a plurality of heating pipe holes 15, and a heating pipe 16 is inserted into each heating pipe hole 15. One end of each heating tube 16 leads out a positive lead 10 and a negative lead 11.
The heating tube 16 needs to have good thermal conductivity and the heating tube 16 needs to have sufficient stability and mechanical strength in the liquid. The heating pipe holes 15 are uniformly arranged to ensure uniform surface temperature of the heating electrode 1. The heating pipes 16 inserted into the heating pipe holes 15 are connected in parallel, the positive electrode leads 10 of the heating pipes 16 connected in parallel are connected in parallel and then connected to the positive electrode lead output port of the direct current stabilized voltage power supply 9, and the negative electrode leads 11 are connected in parallel and then connected to the negative electrode lead output port of the direct current stabilized voltage power supply 9.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a heating belt groove 17 is formed on the heating electrode 1, and a heating belt 18 is embedded in the heating belt groove 17. One end of the heating tape 18 is led out of the positive electrode lead 10 and the negative electrode lead 11.
The pitch of the heating belt grooves 17 is constant, and the heating belt 18 needs to have good thermal conductivity and be completely embedded in the heating belt grooves 17, so that the surface temperature of the heating electrode 1 is uniform. The positive lead 10 and the negative lead 11 are connected to a positive lead output port and a negative lead output port of the dc stabilized power supply 9, respectively.
As shown in fig. 8, the electrode heating apparatus is fully immersed in the liquid when in operation. The heating electrode 1, the high-voltage ball electrode 2, the high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball 4, the grounding side voltage-sharing ball and the high-voltage connecting rod 6 are all made of metal materials with higher electrical conductivity. When the high voltage generator is started to generate high voltage, the high voltage lead 7, the high voltage ball electrode 2, the high voltage side voltage-sharing ball 4 and the high voltage connecting rod 6 are all endowed with the same high potential. The ground lead 8, the heater electrode 1, and the ground side voltage-equalizing ball are all given a zero potential.
The high-voltage side pressure equalizing ball 4 can reduce the tip of the upper end of the high-voltage connecting rod 6 and the higher field intensity of the tip of the screw rod at the upper end of the high-voltage connecting rod 6, and reduce the unevenness of an electric field. The grounding side pressure equalizing ball can reduce the higher field intensity at the screw tip of the lower support frame 13 of the support electrode and reduce the unevenness of an electric field.
The gap between the high-voltage ball electrode 2 and the heating electrode 1 is small, so that the breakdown discharge phenomenon will occur firstly. When the DC voltage-stabilized power supply 9 does not work, the heating electrode 1 is only a common grounding electrode. The breakdown voltages of the high-voltage ball electrode 2 and the heating electrode 1 at different gaps are measured.
In operation, the DC voltage-stabilized source 9 heats the heating electrode 1 via the heating tube 16 or the heating belt 18. The invention controls the heating power of the heating pipe 16 or the heating belt 18 by changing the output power of the direct current stabilized voltage power supply 9, thereby changing the heating power of the heating electrode 1, and simulating the thermal effect of short-circuit current under the condition that a short-circuit fault occurs in a power system. The heating electrode 1 generates heat to enable the liquid to be gasified, bubbles are generated on a discharge path between the high-voltage ball electrode 2 and the heating electrode 1 to reduce breakdown voltage, the breakdown voltages of the high-voltage ball electrode 2 and the heating electrode 1 under different gaps are measured, relevant mathematical processing is carried out on breakdown voltage data, and the breakdown voltage data can be used as a theoretical basis for designing the insulation distance when the high-voltage power equipment is in short circuit fault.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides an electrode heating device for liquid environment high pressure test which characterized in that: the electrode heating device consists of a heating electrode (1), a high-voltage ball electrode (2), an electrode bracket (3), a high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball (4), a grounding side voltage-sharing ball (5), a high-voltage connecting rod (6), a high-voltage lead (7), a grounding lead (8) and a direct-current stabilized power supply (9); one end of a high-voltage lead (7) is fixed between the high-voltage side voltage-equalizing ball (4) and the high-voltage connecting rod (6), and the other end of the high-voltage lead (7) is connected to a high-voltage generator; the high-pressure side pressure equalizing ball (4) is positioned at the top of the high-pressure connecting rod (6), and the high-pressure side pressure equalizing ball (4) is connected with the high-pressure connecting rod (6) through a screw rod; the high-voltage ball electrode (2) is positioned at the bottom of the high-voltage connecting rod (6), and the high-voltage ball electrode (2) is connected with the high-voltage connecting rod (6) through a screw rod; one end of the grounding lead (8) is fixed between the grounding side voltage-sharing ball (5) and the electrode support lower supporting disk (13), and the other end of the grounding lead (8) is connected with the ground; the grounding side pressure equalizing ball (5) is positioned right below the electrode support lower supporting disk (13), the heating electrode (1) is positioned right above the electrode support lower supporting disk (13), and the grounding side pressure equalizing ball (5), the electrode support lower supporting disk (13) and the heating electrode (1) are connected through a screw rod;
the electrode support (3) consists of an upper electrode support disc (12), a lower electrode support disc (13) and an electrode support column (14); the electrode support supporting column (14) is positioned between the electrode support upper supporting disc (12) and the electrode support lower supporting disc (13); the upper ends of the electrode support supporting columns (14) penetrate through the upper end face of the upper electrode support disc (12), and the lower ends of the electrode support supporting columns (14) penetrate through the lower end face of the lower electrode support disc (13);
each electrode support column (14) is provided with an insulating nut which is positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper support disc (12) of the electrode support and the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower support disc (13) of the electrode support, and the upper support disc (12) of the electrode support and the lower support disc (13) of the electrode support are fixed; the distance between the upper support disc (12) of the electrode support and the lower support disc (13) of the electrode support can be changed by changing the insulating nut;
the heating electrode (1) is provided with a plurality of heating pipe holes (15), the plurality of heating pipe holes (15) are uniformly arranged, a heating pipe (16) is inserted into each heating pipe hole (15), and one end of each heating pipe (16) is led out of a positive lead (10) and a negative lead (11); a plurality of heating pipes (16) inserted into a plurality of heating pipe holes (15) are connected in parallel, the positive lead (10) of the heating pipes (16) connected in parallel is connected to the positive lead output port of the direct current stabilized power supply (9), and the negative lead (11) is connected in parallel and then connected to the negative lead output port of the direct current stabilized power supply (9);
the heating pipe (16) is replaced by a heating belt (18); a heating belt groove (17) is formed in the heating electrode (1), and a heating belt (18) is embedded into the heating belt groove (17); a positive lead (10) and a negative lead (11) are led out from one end of the heating belt (18); the positive lead (10) and the negative lead (11) are respectively connected to a positive lead output port and a negative lead output port of the direct-current stabilized power supply (9);
a flange is fixed on the upper supporting disc (12) of the electrode support and provided with an internal thread, an external thread is arranged at the corresponding position of the high-voltage connecting rod (6), and the gap between the high-voltage ball electrode (2) and the heating electrode (1) is adjusted by rotating the high-voltage connecting rod (6);
the heating electrode (1), the high-voltage ball electrode (2), the high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball (4), the grounding side voltage-sharing ball (5) and the high-voltage connecting rod (6) are all made of metal materials;
the electrode heating device is soaked in liquid when working; when the high-voltage generator is started to generate high voltage, the high-voltage lead (7), the high-voltage ball electrode (2), the high-voltage side voltage-sharing ball (4) and the high-voltage connecting rod (6) are all endowed with the same high potential, and the grounding lead (8), the heating electrode (1) and the grounding side voltage-sharing ball (5) are endowed with zero potential; the direct current stabilized voltage supply heats the heating electrode (1) through a heating pipe (16) or a heating belt (18); the output power of the direct current stabilized power supply is changed, and the heating power of the heating pipe (16) or the heating belt (18) is controlled, so that the heating power of the heating electrode (1) is changed, and the thermal effect of short-circuit current under the condition that a short-circuit fault occurs in a power system is simulated; as the heating electrode (1) generates heat to gasify the liquid, bubbles are generated on a discharge path between the high-voltage ball electrode (2) and the heating electrode (1), so that the breakdown voltage is reduced, and the breakdown voltages of the high-voltage ball electrode (2) and the heating electrode (1) at different gaps are measured.
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| CN201811146925.1A CN109254075B (en) | 2018-09-29 | 2018-09-29 | Electrode heating device for high-voltage test in liquid environment |
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| CN201811146925.1A CN109254075B (en) | 2018-09-29 | 2018-09-29 | Electrode heating device for high-voltage test in liquid environment |
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| SE9504066D0 (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1995-11-15 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Ways of controlling and controlling the temperature of electrically powered, heat-generated means |
| CN101308189B (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2011-04-13 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Medium insulation properties measuring apparatus for gas-liquid two-phase fluid state |
| CN201688736U (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-12-29 | 廖滨 | Nano electric heating energy storage device capable of being used for high voltage power source |
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