CN109253979B - Method for detecting easy-cleaning performance of ceramic - Google Patents
Method for detecting easy-cleaning performance of ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- CN109253979B CN109253979B CN201811257671.0A CN201811257671A CN109253979B CN 109253979 B CN109253979 B CN 109253979B CN 201811257671 A CN201811257671 A CN 201811257671A CN 109253979 B CN109253979 B CN 109253979B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 84
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000669058 Fiorinia theae Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 i.e. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/388—Ceramics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
- G01N2021/945—Liquid or solid deposits of macroscopic size on surfaces, e.g. drops, films, or clustered contaminants
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting easy-cleaning performance of ceramic. According to the method, tea polyphenol is used for replacing tea, and the change of the concentration of the tea polyphenol solution is reflected by measuring the absorbance A value of the tea polyphenol solution in the ceramic tea cup, so that the scaling difficulty of the ceramic tea set is judged. The invention aims at the characteristic of the ceramic tea set that the ceramic tea set is sticky, fills the blank of the method for testing and evaluating the easy-to-clean performance of the ceramic tea set, and provides the evaluation standard of the easy-to-clean ceramic tea set that Q is more than or equal to 80 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting easy-cleaning performance of ceramic, belongs to a performance detection method in the field of ceramic products, and particularly relates to a method for detecting easy-cleaning performance of a ceramic tea set.
Background
The concept of easy-cleaning property of ceramics is provided for the cleaning problem of daily ceramics, namely under the condition of normal use, the cleaning is carried out forcibly without the help of detergent treatment and external force, the pollutants are not easy to adhere and can spontaneously separate from the surface of the ceramics only by the physical and chemical properties of the surface of the ceramics and the interaction between the surface of the ceramics and the environment, and the method for detecting the easy-cleaning property of the daily ceramics by applying the oil stain residual quantity of the ceramic glaze surface in unit area before and after cleaning is invented.
The method for evaluating the easy cleaning property of the ceramic tea set is still blank at present. This is because the contaminants of the ceramic tea set are mainly tea stains, which are different from the contaminants of the daily-use ceramic, i.e., oil stains. The tea stain is an oily film formed on the surface of tea soup placed in the air and a brown insoluble substance attached to the wall of the cup. It is a brownish red compound formed by oxidation and polymerization of tannic anhydride in tea leaves exposed to air, and precipitates out of the tea leaves due to being insoluble in water and is attached to the wall of the tea leaves. In addition, tea polyphenol in the tea leaves and metal elements are subjected to oxidation reaction to form another substance in tea dirt. Because the tea dirt forming process is complex and long, the influence factors are numerous, and once the tea dirt is formed, the tea dirt is difficult to flush through water flow, the tea dirt residual quantity of the unit area of the surface of the tea set before and after cleaning cannot be simply used for evaluating the cleanability of the tea dirt. The application discloses a method for representing cleanability of a ceramic teacup by using the change of the absorbance of tea water in the ceramic teacup.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting easy-cleaning performance of ceramics aiming at the defects in the prior art. According to the method, tea polyphenol is used for replacing tea, and the change of the concentration of the tea polyphenol solution is reflected by measuring the absorbance A value of the tea polyphenol solution in the ceramic tea cup, so that the scaling difficulty of the ceramic tea set is judged.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting easy-cleaning performance of ceramic comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the interior of a standard ceramic cup, then drying the standard ceramic cup, and standing the standard ceramic cup for 10-30 min at 50-100 ℃;
(2) preparing tea polyphenol solution, measuring its absorbance value by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and recording as A0；
(3) Putting the prepared tea polyphenol solution into a ceramic cup to be tested;
(4) putting the ceramic cup containing the tea polyphenol solution into an oven, and standing for 1.5-2.5 h at 75-85 ℃;
(5) extracting tea polyphenol solution in the ceramic cup after standing in the previous step, measuring the absorbance value of the tea polyphenol solution, and recording the absorbance value as A1；
(6) The percentage of absorbance increase over a specified time is calculated:
in the formula: q-increase in absorbance, A0Initial value of absorbance, A1-absorbance final value;
the evaluation standard for measuring the easy-cleaning performance of the ceramic tea set is as follows:
easy cleaning: q is more than or equal to 80 percent;
difficult cleaning: q is less than 80 percent.
The test method also comprises the following steps:
(7) repeating the processes of the steps (1) to (6) for 5 to 7 times in sequence; the maximum and minimum values are removed, the remaining intermediate values are summed and averaged.
The step of cleaning the ceramic cup in the step (1) is as follows: firstly, 2-6 wt% of Na is used2CO3And (4) cleaning with an aqueous solution, and then washing with clear water for 3-8 times.
The ceramic cup is a standard ceramic cup, the capacity of the ceramic cup is 345-355 ml, the inner diameter of the ceramic cup is 7.8-8.2 cm, and the surface area of the ceramic cup is 240-250 cm2。
The concentration of the tea polyphenol solution is 0.6 mg/ml.
The water used for preparing the tea polyphenol solution is purified water or mineral water sold in the market, and the purity of the tea polyphenol powder is more than or equal to 98 percent.
The instrument for measuring the absorbance of the tea polyphenol solution is an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the characteristic absorption peak wavelength of the tea polyphenol is set to 425 nm.
The specified time in the step (6) is 120 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for detecting the easy-to-clean performance of a ceramic tea set aiming at the characteristic of dirt adhesion of the ceramic tea set, and fills the blank of a method for testing and evaluating the easy-to-clean performance of the ceramic tea set. The method judges the scaling difficulty degree of the ceramic tea cup by measuring the variable quantity Q of the absorbance of the tea polyphenol solution in the ceramic tea cup, and provides an evaluation standard that Q is more than or equal to 80 percent for the easy-to-clean ceramic tea set.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of the analysis of the components of tea stain produced in a ceramic teacup by a tea polyphenol solution and green tea in example 1;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The test mechanism of the invention is as follows:
according to Lambert-Beer's law, when the wavelength of incident light is fixed, the absorbance of the solution is a function of the concentration of the light-absorbing substance and the thickness of the absorbing medium, namely A ═ epsilon · l · C, wherein A is the absorbance of the solution to be measured, epsilon is the proportionality coefficient, l is the thickness of the absorbing medium, and C is the concentration of the light-absorbing substance. The higher the absorbance of the tea polyphenol solution in the ceramic cup is, the higher the concentration of the tea polyphenol solution is, the less tea polyphenol is adsorbed on the cup wall, and the easier the ceramic cup is to clean. On the contrary, the smaller the absorbance of the tea polyphenol solution in the ceramic cup is, the more substances are adsorbed on the cup wall, and the more difficult the product is to clean.
The following examples are only experimental verifications and are not intended to limit the scope of protection.
Example 1
The method for detecting the easy-cleaning performance of the ceramic is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the specification of the ceramic cup product to be detected is as follows: the inner diameter of the upper part of the cup is 8.0cm, the height of the cup is 9.0cm, and the surface area is 240-250 cm2；
(2) With 4 wt% Na content2CO3After the interior of the ceramic cup is cleaned by the aqueous solution, the ceramic cup is washed clean by clean water for 4 times. Blowing out residual water drops in the cup by using an electric heating blower, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 20 min;
(3) preparing tea polyphenol solution. Putting 0.3000g of weighed tea polyphenol into a 500ml volumetric flask, then preparing the farmer spring water with the temperature of 80 ℃, pouring the farmer spring water into the volumetric flask, and fully and uniformly shaking the mixture for later use;
(4) taking out 5ml of the prepared tea polyphenol solution, and determining absorbance value A0；
(5) And taking out 250ml of the mixture, pouring the mixture into a ceramic cup to be tested, and stably placing the mixture into the middle position in the oven to stand for 2 hours. Wherein the temperature setting value of the oven is 80 ℃;
(6) after the set time, accurately taking out 5ml by using a liquid-transferring gun, and determining the absorbance value A of the tea polyphenol solution in the liquid-transferring gun1；
(7) Calculating the percentage value of the increment of the absorbance value within the specified time of 120 min:
(8) the above experimental steps (1) to (7) were repeated in this order, and five times of measurement were continued, the maximum value and the minimum value were removed, and the remaining three values were summed up to take the average value.
And judging the calculated percentage value of the absorbance increment according to a standard.
And (3) testing results: after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed, the absorbance increment is 81.82 percent, 84.74 percent and 90.58 percent which are measured for three times, the average value of the absorbance increment is 85.71 percent, and the product belongs to an easy-to-clean product.
The precision of an electronic balance used in the weighing is 0.0001g, and the specification of a volumetric flask is 500ml +/-0.5 ml.
The instrument for measuring the absorbance of the tea polyphenol solution is an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (model: Beijing Pujingyu TU-19 series). The characteristic absorption peak wavelength of tea polyphenols was set to 425 nm.
Comparative example 1:
the ceramic tea set in the step (1) in the embodiment 1 is subjected to detection and verification of relevant easy-to-clean performance indexes in other modes:
the residual amount of the oil stain on the surface of the ceramic tea set is detected according to a national standard GB/T31859-2015 daily-use porcelain easy-cleaning detection method, the glossiness and the hardness of the ceramic tea set are respectively measured according to a GB 3295-1982 daily-use porcelain glossiness measurement method and a GB 3297-1982 daily-use porcelain glaze Vickers hardness measurement method, and the appearance of the ceramic tea set is detected according to GB 3302-2009.
Finally, the gloss of the ceramic cup used was 122.86Gs, the hardness was 7.127Gpa, and oil contamination was measuredThe residual amount A was 0.47g/m2Which is easy to clean, and which complies with the evaluation criteria obtained in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
the other steps were the same as in example 1 except that the tea polyphenol solution was replaced with a commercially available ordinary green tea, and 2g of green tea was taken and 250ml of boiling water was added.
The infrared detection of the scale formed by the tea polyphenol solution and the scale formed by the green tea shows that the similarity of the two spectra is extremely high and the two spectra can be basically determined to be the same substance, which also indicates that the formation of the tea scale is greatly related to the tea polyphenol component.
Tea polyphenol is the general name of the most important substance in tea, is the main component of tea and accounts for 18-38% of dry substances of tea. The principle and the process of tea water incrustation on the cup wall and the ingredients of the incrustation are basically consistent with the tea polyphenol solution, so that the tea water is replaced by the tea polyphenol solution, and the tea water is scientific and reasonable and easy to operate.
Example 2
The method for detecting the easy-cleaning performance of the ceramic is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the specification of the ceramic cup product to be detected is as follows: the inner diameter of the upper part of the cup is 7.9cm, the height of the cup is 9.0cm, and the surface area is 240-250 cm2；
(2) With 5 wt.% Na2CO3After the interior of the ceramic cup is cleaned by the aqueous solution, the ceramic cup is washed clean by clean water for 4 times. Blowing the residual water drops in the cup by using an electric heating blower, and drying in a 90 ℃ oven for 15 min;
(3) preparing tea polyphenol solution. Putting 0.3000g of weighed tea polyphenol into a 500ml volumetric flask, then preparing the farmer mountain spring water with the temperature of 85 ℃, pouring the farmer mountain spring water into the volumetric flask, and fully and uniformly shaking the mixture for later use;
(4) taking out 5ml of the prepared tea polyphenol solution to determine absorbance value A0；
(5) And taking out 250ml of the mixture, pouring the mixture into a ceramic cup to be tested, and stably placing the mixture into the middle position in the oven to stand for 2.5 hours. Wherein the temperature set value of the oven is 76 ℃;
(6) after the specified time, 5ml of the solution was taken out accurately by a pipette and measuredAbsorbance value A of tea polyphenol solution in liquid-transfering gun1；
(7) Calculating the percentage value of the increase of the absorbance value within a specified time of 120min
(8) The above experimental steps (1) to (7) were repeated in this order, and five times of measurement were continuously performed. Removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and summing the remaining three numerical values to obtain an average value;
and judging the calculated percentage value of the absorbance increment according to a standard.
And (3) testing results: after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed, the absorbance increment is measured for three times, namely 74.68 percent, 80.84 percent and 76.95 percent, and the average value of the absorbance increment is 77.49 percent, which belongs to products which are not easy to clean.
Comparative example 3
The ceramic tea set in the step (1) in the embodiment 2 is subjected to detection and verification of relevant easy-to-clean performance indexes in other modes:
finally, the gloss of the ceramic cup used in the experiment was 105.20Gs, the hardness was 7.737Gpa, and the residual oil A was 0.79g/m2It is not easy to clean and meets the evaluation criteria of example 2.
Example 3
The method for detecting the easy-cleaning performance of the ceramic is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the specification of the ceramic cup product to be detected is as follows: the inner diameter of the upper part of the cup is 8.1cm, the height of the cup is 9.0cm, and the surface area is 240-250 cm2；
(2) With 6% by weight of Na2CO3Cleaning the interior of the ceramic cup with the aqueous solution, then washing with clear water for 4 times, blowing off residual water drops in the interior of the cup with an electric heating blower, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30 min;
(3) preparing tea polyphenol solution. Putting 0.3000g of weighed tea polyphenol into a 500ml volumetric flask, then preparing farmer spring water with the temperature of 75 ℃, pouring the farmer spring water into the volumetric flask, and fully and uniformly shaking the mixture for later use;
(4) taking out 5ml of the prepared tea polyphenol solution to determine absorbance value A0；
(5) Taking out 250ml of the mixture, pouring the mixture into a ceramic cup to be tested, and stably placing the ceramic cup into the middle position in an oven for standing for 1.5 hours, wherein the temperature set value of the oven is 85 ℃;
(6) after the set time, accurately taking out 5ml by using a liquid-transferring gun, and determining the absorbance value A of the tea polyphenol solution in the liquid-transferring gun1；
(7) Calculating the percentage value of the increase of the absorbance value within the specified time of 120 min:
(8) the above experimental steps (1) to (7) were repeated in this order, and five times of measurement were continuously performed. The maximum and minimum values are removed and the remaining three values are summed and averaged.
And judging the calculated percentage value of the absorbance increment according to a standard.
And (3) testing results: after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed, the absorbance increment is 73.05 percent, 73.38 percent and 75.97 percent which are measured three times, the average value of the absorbance increment is 74.13 percent, and the product is not easy to clean.
Comparative example 4
The ceramic tea set in the step (1) in the embodiment 3 is subjected to detection and verification of relevant easy-to-clean performance indexes in other modes
Finally, the gloss of the ceramic cup used in the experiment was measured to be 98.34Gs, the hardness was 7.984GPa, and the residual oil A content was 1.02g/m2Belonging to the hard-to-clean product, and is in accordance with the evaluation standard obtained in example 3.
The invention is not the best known technology.
Claims (5)
1. A method for detecting the easy-cleaning performance of ceramics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning the interior of the ceramic cup, then drying the ceramic cup, and standing the ceramic cup for 10-30 min at 50-100 ℃;
(2) preparing tea polyphenol solution, measuring its absorbance value by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and recording as A0；
(3) Putting the prepared tea polyphenol solution into a ceramic cup to be tested;
(4) placing the ceramic cup containing tea polyphenol solution in an oven, standing at 76 deg.C for 2.5h, or at 80 deg.C for 2h, or at 85 deg.C for 1.5 h;
(5) extracting tea polyphenol solution in the ceramic cup after standing in the previous step, measuring the absorbance value of the tea polyphenol solution, and recording the absorbance value as A1；
(6) The percentage of absorbance increase over a specified time is calculated:
in the formula: q-increase in absorbance, A0Initial value of absorbance, A1-absorbance final value;
the evaluation standard for measuring the easy-cleaning performance of the ceramic tea set is as follows:
easy cleaning: q is more than or equal to 80 percent;
difficult cleaning: q is less than 80 percent;
also comprises the following steps: repeating the processes of the steps (1) to (6) for 5-7 times in sequence, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, adding the rest intermediate values, and taking an average value;
the instrument for measuring absorbance is an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the characteristic absorption peak wavelength of the tea polyphenol is set to 425 nm.
2. The method for detecting the easy-cleaning performance of ceramics according to claim 1, wherein the step of cleaning the ceramic cup in the step (1) comprises the steps of: firstly, 2-6 wt% of Na is used2CO3And (4) cleaning with an aqueous solution, and then washing with clear water for 3-8 times.
3. The method for detecting the easy-cleaning property of ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic cup is a standard ceramic cup having a capacity of 345 to 355ml, an inner diameter of 7.8 to 8.2cm and a surface area of 240 to 250cm2。
4. The method for detecting the easy-cleaning performance of ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the tea polyphenol solution is 0.6mg/ml, and the predetermined time is 120 min.
5. The method for detecting the easy-cleaning performance of ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the water used for preparing the tea polyphenol solution is purified water or mineral water sold in the market, and the purity of the tea polyphenol powder is not less than 98%.
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| GB2578496B (en) | 2021-03-10 |
| CN109253979A (en) | 2019-01-22 |
| GB201905754D0 (en) | 2019-06-05 |
| GB2578496A (en) | 2020-05-13 |
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