CN109245530B - Circuit for stabilizing output signal and power converter - Google Patents
Circuit for stabilizing output signal and power converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109245530B CN109245530B CN201810921861.1A CN201810921861A CN109245530B CN 109245530 B CN109245530 B CN 109245530B CN 201810921861 A CN201810921861 A CN 201810921861A CN 109245530 B CN109245530 B CN 109245530B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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Abstract
A circuit for stabilizing an output signal and a power converter, the circuit comprising: the voltage conversion module is used for converting the first signal into a third signal under the control of the second signal output by the control module and outputting the third signal to the feedback module, and the amplitude of the third signal is in direct proportion to the duty ratio of the second signal; the feedback module is used for comparing the third signal with the reference signal to obtain a fourth signal and outputting the fourth signal to the control module; wherein, the fourth signal is an error signal of the third signal and the reference signal; the feedforward module is used for generating a fifth signal according to the first signal and the third signal and outputting the fifth signal to the control module; the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the first signal and/or the change of the third signal, and the feedforward module is composed of passive devices; and the control module is used for generating a second signal according to the fourth signal and the fifth signal.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of circuit technologies, and in particular, to a circuit for stabilizing an output signal and a power converter.
Background
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices such as servers, routers, and Base Station Controllers (BSCs) generally adopt a distributed power supply architecture, which includes an Alternating Current (AC) -Direct Current (DC) converter, a backup battery (a storage battery or a lithium battery), and a switching power converter, as shown in fig. 1. The AC-DC converter is a primary power supply and is used for converting commercial power alternating current (220V alternating current or 110V alternating current) into 48V direct current, the 48V direct current obtained by conversion of the AC-DC converter and the standby battery form a secondary power supply, and when the primary power supply fails or the commercial power fails, the secondary power supply can be switched into the standby battery; the switching power converter is used for converting the 48V direct current in the secondary power supply or the voltage output by the backup battery into the voltage required by the operation of each device (such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and a hard disk) in the ICT equipment, so as to supply power to the ICT equipment.
When the voltage of an alternating current power grid input to a primary power supply is unstable (such as lightning strike, harmonic interference and the like) or a secondary power supply is switched from direct current converted from the primary power supply to a standby battery (such as primary power supply failure, commercial power failure and the like), the output voltage of the switching power supply converter fluctuates. In addition, when the operating state of the ICT device changes (e.g., CPU occupancy changes, sudden access of large amounts of data, etc.), the load current of the switching power converter fluctuates. Output voltage fluctuation and load current fluctuation of the switching power supply converter can cause the output voltage of the switching power supply converter to be unstable, and the accuracy is low.
In order to solve the above problem, in the prior art, an error signal generated by the output voltage of the switching power converter and a reference voltage through a comparator is used as a feedback signal to adjust the output voltage of the switching power converter. However, due to the limitation of the bandwidth of the comparator, when the output voltage of the switching power converter changes for a period of time (tens of microseconds to hundreds of microseconds), the error signal output by the comparator changes correspondingly, so that the response speed of the switching power converter is slow, and the output voltage of the switching power converter overshoots, which causes the under-voltage protection shutdown or the overvoltage burnout of the post-stage ICT equipment, and affects the normal operation and reliability of the ICT equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a circuit and a power converter for stabilizing output signals to solve the problems that the output signal regulation response speed of the power converter in the prior art is slow and the dynamic effect is poor.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a circuit for stabilizing an output signal, the circuit comprising: voltage conversion module, feedback module, feedforward module and control module, the input of voltage conversion module is used for receiving first signal, the output of voltage conversion module respectively with the first input of feedback module and the first input of feedforward module is connected, the second end input of feedback module is used for receiving reference signal, the output of feedback module with the first input of control module is connected, the second input of feedforward module with the input of voltage conversion module is connected, the output of feedforward module with the second input of control module is connected, control module's output with the control end of voltage conversion module is connected.
The voltage conversion module is configured to convert the first signal into a third signal under the control of a second signal output by the control module, and output the third signal to the feedback module, where an amplitude of the third signal is proportional to a duty ratio of the second signal;
the feedback module is configured to compare the third signal with the reference signal to obtain a fourth signal, and output the fourth signal to the control module, where the fourth signal is an error signal between the third signal and the reference signal, and an initial value of the third signal is 0;
the feedforward module is used for generating a fifth signal according to the first signal and the third signal and outputting the fifth signal to the control module; wherein the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the first signal, or the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the third signal, or the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the first signal and the change of the third signal; the feed-forward module is composed of passive devices;
the control module is configured to generate the second signal according to the fourth signal and the fifth signal, and output the second signal to the voltage conversion module.
With the above scheme, when a first signal input to the voltage conversion module or a load connected to the voltage conversion module changes, which causes a third signal output by the voltage conversion module to change, the feedforward module can rapidly sense the change of the third signal and generate the fifth signal, so that the control module can output the second signal according to the fifth signal and a fourth signal output by the feedback module, control the voltage conversion module to output the compensated third signal according to the second signal, that is, adjust the output signal by combining feedforward control and feedback control, so as to stabilize the third signal, effectively reduce overshoot of the third signal, weaken input feedforward (the first signal feedforward), and change the input impedance characteristic of the circuit, the input anti-resonance capacity of the circuit under the condition that the input line is pulled far can be improved, the gain allowance of the feedback loop can be improved, and the adverse effect of the pole of the filter circuit of the output signal of the circuit on the feedback loop can be improved.
In addition, the feedforward module is realized by a passive device, so that bandwidth limitation is avoided, the change of the third signal can be responded in real time, the load dynamic characteristic of the circuit can be further improved, the cost is low, and the implementation is easy.
In one possible embodiment, the feedforward module includes a first feedforward submodule and a second feedforward submodule, an input terminal of the first feedforward submodule is connected to the input terminal of the voltage conversion module, an output terminal of the first feedforward submodule is connected to the second input terminal of the control module, an input terminal of the second feedforward submodule is connected to the output terminal of the voltage conversion module, and an output terminal of the second feedforward submodule is connected to the second input terminal of the control module. The first feedforward submodule is used for sampling the first signal to obtain a sixth signal, and outputting the sixth signal to the control module; the second feedforward submodule is configured to sample the third signal to obtain a seventh signal, and output the seventh signal to the control module, where the fifth signal includes the sixth signal and the seventh signal. Further, the second feed-forward sub-module may be further operable to: and carrying out Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) regulation on the seventh signal, and outputting the PID-regulated seventh signal to the control module.
In one possible embodiment, the feed-forward module can be implemented by, but is not limited to, any one of the following two ways:
in a first mode, the first feedforward submodule includes a first controllable switch, a first resistor, and a first capacitor, a first end of the first controllable switch is configured to receive a preset clock signal, the clock signal is configured to control a state of the controllable switch, a second end of the first controllable switch is connected to the first end of the first resistor, the first end of the first capacitor, and the second input end of the control module, respectively, a third end of the first controllable switch and a second end of the first capacitor are grounded, and a second end of the first resistor is connected to the input end of the voltage conversion module. The second feed-forward submodule comprises a second resistor and a second capacitor; the first end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage conversion module, the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor.
Further, the second feedforward submodule may further include a third resistor, a first end of the third resistor being connected to a first end of the second resistor, and a second end of the third resistor being connected to a second end of the second capacitor.
In a specific embodiment, the first controllable switch may be a triode or a field effect transistor, when the first controllable switch is a triode, a base of the triode is configured to receive the preset clock signal, and when the first controllable switch is a field effect transistor, a gate of the field effect transistor is configured to receive the preset clock signal.
In a second mode, the first feedforward submodule comprises a first resistor and a second resistor; the first end of the first resistor is connected with the input end of the voltage conversion module, the second end of the first resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the second resistor and the second input end of the control module, and the second end of the second resistor is grounded; the second feed-forward submodule comprises a third resistor and a first capacitor; the first end of the third resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage conversion module, the second end of the third resistor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, and the second end of the first capacitor is respectively connected with the second end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor.
Further, the second feedforward submodule further includes a fourth resistor, a first end of the fourth resistor is connected to a first end of the third resistor, and a second end of the fourth resistor is connected to a second end of the first capacitor.
In a possible embodiment, when the feed-forward module is implemented in the first manner, the control module may include a first comparator and a driver; the first input end of the first comparator is connected with the output end of the feedback module, the second input end of the first comparator is connected with the output end of the feedforward module, the output end of the first comparator is connected with the input end of the driver, and the output end of the driver is connected with the control end of the voltage conversion module. The first comparator is configured to compare the fourth signal with the fifth signal to obtain the second signal, and output the second signal to the driver; the driver is configured to amplify the second signal and output the amplified second signal to the voltage conversion module.
In a possible embodiment, when the feedforward module is implemented in the second manner, the control module is a microprocessor, that is, the control module may be implemented in a digital mode, and the microprocessor is connected to the output terminal of the feedforward module, the output terminal of the feedback module, and the control terminal of the voltage conversion module, respectively. The microprocessor is configured to obtain the fifth signal and the sixth signal, and operate the fourth signal and the fifth signal according to a preset operation rule to obtain the second signal, where the preset operation rule is determined according to a topology structure of the voltage conversion module.
Further, the microprocessor and the feedback module may also be integrated in one chip.
It should be understood that when the control module can be implemented in a digital mode, the microprocessor and/or the feedback module may also include the necessary analog-to-digital conversion sub-modules.
In one possible embodiment, the voltage conversion module may include a second controllable switch, a transformer, a first diode, and a second diode; the first end of the second controllable switch is connected with the output end of the control module, the second end of the second controllable switch is connected with the first end of the primary coil of the transformer, the third end of the second controllable switch is grounded, the second signal is used for controlling the state of the second controllable switch, the second end of the primary coil of the transformer is the input end of the voltage conversion module, two ends of the secondary coil of the transformer are respectively connected with the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode are grounded, and the cathode of the first diode is further connected with the input end of the feedback module.
Further, the voltage conversion module may further include an inductor and a third capacitor; the first end of the inductor is connected with the negative electrode of the first diode, the second end of the inductor is respectively connected with the first end of the third capacitor and the input end of the feedback circuit, and the second end of the third capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the first diode. The inductor and the third capacitor can form an LC filter circuit to filter signals rectified by the first diode and the second diode, so that the quality of output signals of the voltage conversion module is further improved.
In a specific embodiment, the second controllable switch may be a triode or a field effect transistor, when the second controllable switch is a triode, a base of the triode is configured to receive the second signal output by the control module, and when the second controllable switch is a field effect transistor, a gate of the field effect transistor is configured to receive the second signal output by the control module.
In one possible embodiment, the feedback module is further configured to: PID adjustment is performed on the fourth signal before the fourth signal is output to the control module to further reduce the overshoot of the output signal of the voltage conversion module and the time required for the output signal of the voltage conversion module to reach a steady state.
In a specific embodiment, the feedback module may include: a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor and a second comparator; the positive phase input end of the second comparator is used for inputting the reference signal, the negative phase input end of the second comparator is respectively connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the first end of the sixth resistor, the first end of the fourth capacitor, the first end of the fifth capacitor and the first end of the sixth capacitor, the output end of the second comparator is respectively connected with the second end of the fourth capacitor, the first end of the sixth capacitor and the first input end of the control module, the second end of the fifth resistor is grounded, the second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the second end of the sixth capacitor, and the second end of the fifth capacitor is respectively connected with the second end of the seventh resistor and the output end of the voltage conversion module.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a power converter including the circuit for stabilizing an output signal provided in any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply architecture of ICT equipment in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for stabilizing an output signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed-forward module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed-forward module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed-forward module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed-forward module according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a control module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage conversion module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage conversion module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a feedback module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for stabilizing an output signal according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of output signals of modules in a circuit for stabilizing output signals according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating output signals of modules in a circuit for stabilizing output signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for stabilizing an output signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for stabilizing an output signal according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for stabilizing an output signal according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for stabilizing an output signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The switching power supply is widely applied to electronic equipment (such as ICT equipment) and provides stable working voltage for the electronic equipment. When the input voltage of the switching power converter fluctuates and the load fluctuates, the output voltage of the switching power converter is unstable, and the accuracy is low. In the prior art, an error signal generated by an output voltage of a switching power converter and a reference voltage through a comparator is used as a feedback signal to adjust the output voltage of the switching power converter. However, due to the limitation of the bandwidth of the comparator, the feedback signal cannot reflect the change of the output voltage in time, so that the response speed of the switching power converter to the change of the output voltage is slow, and the output voltage of the switching power converter is subjected to an overshoot phenomenon, so that the under-voltage protection shutdown or the overvoltage burnout of the subsequent device connected to the switching power converter is caused.
In order to solve the above problem, the present application provides a circuit for stabilizing an output signal and a power converter, which are used for quickly adjusting the output signal of the circuit when an input signal or a load of the circuit changes, so as to reduce overshoot of the output signal of the circuit, and keep the output signal of the circuit stable.
In the following, the basic concept related to the present application is explained. It should be noted that these explanations are intended to make the present application more understandable, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
(1) And feedback control, wherein after the controlled variable is interfered and deviates from the given value, a controller in the control system compensates the influence of the interference on the controlled variable according to the deviation of the controlled variable and the given value.
(2) And feed-forward control, wherein after the controlled variable is interfered, a controller in the control system compensates the influence of the interference on the controlled variable according to the size and the property of the interference.
(3) Duty cycle, the ratio of the duration of a (e.g. square) positive pulse in a periodic pulse train to the total period of the pulse. For example: the pulse width is 1 mus and the duty cycle of the pulse sequence is 0.25 with a period of 4 mus.
(4) The electric isolation means that no electric direct connection exists between the two circuits, namely the two circuits are mutually insulated, and meanwhile, the two circuits can maintain the relation of energy transmission, so that the branch circuit for electricity is isolated from the whole electric system to form an independent safety system which is electrically isolated, and the indirect electric shock danger is prevented from occurring under the condition that the exposed conductor is in fault and electrified state.
(5) The soft switch introduces resonance before and after the switch is switched on and switched off, so that the voltage of the switch is firstly reduced to zero before the switch is switched on, and the current is firstly reduced to zero before the switch is switched off, thereby eliminating the overlapping of the voltage and the current in the working process of the switch, reducing the change rate of the voltage and the current and greatly reducing or even eliminating the switching loss.
It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or order.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the present application provides a circuit 200 for stabilizing an output signal, the circuit 200 comprising a voltage conversion module 210, a feedback module 220, a feedforward module 230 and a control module 240, an input terminal of the voltage converting module 210 is configured to receive a first signal, an output terminal of the voltage converting module 210 is respectively connected to a first input terminal of the feedback module 220 and a first input terminal of the feedforward module 230, a second input of the feedback module 220 is configured to receive a reference signal, an output of the feedback module 220 is connected to a first input of the control module 240, a second input of the feed forward module 230 is connected to an input of the voltage conversion module 210, an output of the feed forward module 230 is connected to a second input of the control module 240, the output terminal of the control module 240 is connected to the control terminal of the voltage converting module 210.
The functions of the various constituent modules are described below:
the voltage conversion module 210 is configured to convert the first signal into a third signal under the control of the second signal output by the control module 240, and output the third signal to the feedback module 220, where an amplitude of the third signal is proportional to a duty ratio of the second signal. The third signal is used for supplying power to a load connected with the power conversion module, and the amplitude of the third signal is greater than or smaller than that of the first signal.
The feedback module 220 is configured to compare the third signal with the reference signal to obtain a fourth signal, and output the fourth signal to the control module; wherein the fourth signal is an error signal of the third signal and the reference signal.
The feedforward module 230 is configured to generate a fifth signal according to the first signal and the third signal, and output the fifth signal to the control module 240; the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the first signal, or the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the third signal, or the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the first signal and the change of the third signal, and the feedforward module is composed of passive devices. Specifically, when any one of the first signal and the third signal becomes smaller, the fifth signal controls the duty ratio of the second signal to become larger, so that the amplitude of the third signal becomes larger, and when any one of the first signal and the third signal becomes larger, the fifth signal controls the duty ratio of the second signal to become smaller, so that the amplitude of the third signal becomes smaller.
The control module 240 is configured to generate the second signal according to the fourth signal and the fifth signal, and output the second signal to the voltage converting module 210. In an initial operating state of the circuit 200, the third signal output by the voltage conversion module 210 is zero, the feedback module 220 obtains the fourth signal by comparing the third signal with the reference signal, and the control module 240 generates the second signal according to the fourth signal.
In one possible implementation, the feed-forward module 230 may include a first feed-forward sub-module and a second feed-forward sub-module, wherein an input of the first feed-forward sub-module is connected to the input of the voltage conversion module 210, an output of the first feed-forward sub-module is connected to the second input of the control module 240, an input of the second feed-forward sub-module is connected to the output of the voltage conversion module 210, and an output of the second feed-forward sub-module is connected to the second input of the control module 240. The first feedforward submodule is configured to sample the first signal to obtain a sixth signal, and output the sixth signal to the control module 240; the second feedforward submodule is configured to sample the third signal to obtain a seventh signal, and output the seventh signal to the control module 240; the fifth signal includes the sixth signal and the seventh signal.
Further, the second feed-forward sub-module may be further operable to: proportional (P) integral (I) derivative (D) PID adjustment is performed on the seventh signal, and the seventh signal after PID adjustment is output to the control module 240.
In one possible embodiment, the feed-forward module 230 can be implemented by, but is not limited to, any one of the following two ways:
in a first mode, the first feedforward submodule includes a first controllable switch Q1, a first resistor R1, and a first capacitor C1, a first end of the first controllable switch Q1 is configured to receive a preset clock signal, the clock signal is configured to control a state of the controllable switch Q1, a second end of the first controllable switch Q1 is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1, the first end of the first capacitor C1, and the second input end of the control module 240, a third end of the first controllable switch Q1 and the second end of the first capacitor C1 are grounded, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the input end of the voltage conversion module 210, as shown in fig. 3. It should be noted that fig. 3 illustrates the first controllable switch Q1 as an N-channel fet, and the present application is not limited thereto.
The second feed-forward submodule comprises a second resistor R2 and a second capacitor C2; a first terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage converting module 210, a second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor C2, and a second terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the second feedforward submodule may further include a third resistor R3, a first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to a first end of the second resistor R2, and a second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to a second end of the second capacitor C2.
In a specific embodiment, the first controllable switch Q1 may be a triode, a field effect transistor, or a soft switch. When the first controllable switch Q1 is a triode, a base of the triode is used for receiving the preset clock signal, and when the first controllable switch Q1 is a field effect transistor, a gate of the field effect transistor is used for receiving the preset clock signal.
Second, as shown in FIG. 5, the first feedforward submodule 230 includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2; a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the input end of the voltage converting module 210, a second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to a first end of the second resistor R2 and a second input end of the control module 240, and a second end of the second resistor R2 is grounded;
the second feed-forward submodule comprises a third resistor R3 and a first capacitor C1; a first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the output end of the voltage converting module 210, a second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the first capacitor C1, and a second end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R1 and the first end of the second resistor R2, respectively.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the second feedforward submodule further includes a fourth resistor R4, a first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to a first end of the third resistor R3, and a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to a second end of the first capacitor C1.
In one possible embodiment, when the feed-forward module 230 is implemented in the first manner, the control module 240 includes a first comparator X1 and a driver a; a first input terminal of the first comparator X1 is connected to the output terminal of the feedback module 220, a second input terminal of the first comparator X1 is connected to the output terminal of the feedforward module 230, an output terminal of the first comparator X1 is connected to the input terminal of the driver a, and an output terminal of the driver a is connected to the control terminal of the voltage conversion module 210, as shown in fig. 7. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first comparator X1 is configured to compare the fourth signal with the fifth signal to obtain the second signal, and output the second signal to the driver a;
the driver a is configured to amplify the second signal, and output the amplified second signal to the voltage conversion module 210.
In a possible embodiment, when the feedforward module 230 is implemented in the above-mentioned manner two, the control module 240 is a microprocessor, that is, the control module 240 may be implemented in a digital mode, and the microprocessor is connected to the output terminal of the feedforward module 230, the output terminal of the feedback module 240, and the control terminal of the voltage conversion module 210, respectively. The microprocessor is configured to obtain the fifth signal and the sixth signal, and operate the fourth signal and the fifth signal according to a preset operation rule to obtain the second signal, where the preset operation rule is determined according to a topology structure of the voltage conversion module.
Further, the microprocessor and the feedback module may also be integrated in one chip.
It should be understood that when the control module 240 can be implemented in a digital mode, the microprocessor and/or the feedback module 220 further includes necessary analog-to-digital conversion sub-modules.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the voltage conversion module 210 may include a second controllable switch Q2, a transformer T1, a first diode D1, and a second diode D2; a first end of the second controllable switch Q2 is connected to the output end of the control module 240, a second end of the second controllable switch Q2 is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the transformer T1, a third end of the second controllable switch Q2 is grounded, the second signal is used to control the state of the second controllable switch Q2, a second end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is the input end of the voltage conversion module 210, two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 are respectively connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2, the anode of the first diode D1 and the anode of the second diode D2 are grounded, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is further connected to the input end of the feedback module 220.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the voltage conversion module 210 further includes an inductor L1 and a third capacitor C3; a first end of the inductor L1 is connected to a cathode of the first diode D1, a second end of the inductor L1 is connected to a first end of the third capacitor C3 and an input end of the feedback circuit 220, respectively, and a second end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to an anode of the first diode D1. The inductor L1 and the third capacitor C3 may form an LC filter circuit, which filters the signal rectified by the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, and further improves the quality of the output signal of the voltage conversion module 210.
In a specific embodiment, the second controllable switch Q2 may be a transistor or a field effect transistor, and when the second controllable switch Q2 is a transistor, a base of the transistor is configured to receive the second signal output by the control module 240, and when the second controllable switch Q2 is a field effect transistor, a gate of the field effect transistor is configured to receive the second signal output by the control module 240.
Further, the control module 240 may further include a transformer T2, one end of a primary coil of the transformer T2 is grounded, the other end of the primary coil is connected to the output terminal of the first comparator X1, one end of a secondary coil of the transformer T2 is grounded, and the other end of the secondary coil is connected to the input terminal of the driver, as shown in fig. 10, and the voltage conversion module 210 in fig. 10 has the structure shown in fig. 9 as an example. The output terminal of the first comparator X1 is connected to the driver a via a transformer T2, so that the voltage conversion module 210 and the control module 240 can be electrically isolated from each other.
In a specific embodiment, when the voltage conversion module 210 has the topology as shown in fig. 5 or fig. 6, the microprocessor is specifically configured to obtain the fifth signal and the sixth signal, and operate the fourth signal and the fifth signal according to a preset operation rule to obtain the second signal, where the preset operation rule is to divide the fifth signal by the fourth signal.
In a possible implementation, the feedback module 220 is further configured to: prior to outputting the fourth signal to the control module, PID adjustment of the fourth signal is performed to further reduce the overshoot of the output signal of the voltage conversion module 210 and the time required for the output signal of the voltage conversion module 210 to reach a steady state.
In a specific embodiment, the feedback module 220 may include: a fifth resistor R4, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6 and a second comparator X2; a non-inverting input terminal of the second comparator X2 is configured to input the reference signal, inverting input terminals of the second comparator X2 are respectively connected to a first terminal of the fifth resistor R5, a first terminal of the sixth resistor R6, a first terminal of the fourth capacitor C4, a first terminal of the fifth capacitor C5, and a first terminal of the sixth capacitor C6, an output terminal of the second comparator X2 is respectively connected to a second terminal of the fourth capacitor C4, a first terminal of the sixth capacitor C6, and a first input terminal of the control module 240, a second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded, a second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to a second terminal of the sixth capacitor C6, and a second terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is respectively connected to a second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 and an output terminal of the voltage conversion module 210, as shown in fig. 11.
In the initial operating state of the circuit 200, the third signal output by the voltage conversion module 210 is zero, so that the feedback module 220 compares the third signal with the fourth signal obtained by the reference signal to obtain a larger duty ratio of the second signal generated by the control module 240, thereby causing a larger impact on the voltage conversion module 210. In a possible embodiment, in order to avoid a large impact of the second signal on the voltage converting module 210 in the initial state, the circuit 200 may further include a slow start circuit, an input of the slow start circuit is connected to the output of the feedback module 220, and an output of the slow start circuit is connected to the first input of the control circuit, for clamping the fourth signal output by the feedback module 220 when the circuit 200 is started, so that the duty cycle of the second signal output by the control module 240 changes at a certain rate instead of suddenly becoming very large.
In one specific embodiment, when the voltage converting module 210 has the structure shown in fig. 9, the feedback module 220 has the structure shown in fig. 11, the feedforward module 230 has the structure shown in fig. 4, and the control module 240 has the structure shown in fig. 7, the circuit 200 has the structure shown in fig. 12. When the first signal input to the first end of the primary winding of the transformer T is a dc voltage signal, the clock signal input to the first end of the second controllable switch O2, the fifth signal output from the first end of the first capacitor C1, the fourth signal output from the second comparator X2, and the second signal output from the driver a, as shown in fig. 13, when the second signal is at a high level, the first controllable switch Q1 is turned on, and when the second signal is at a low level, the first controllable switch Q1 is turned off, so that the circuit 200 can control the amplitude of the third signal output from the first end of the third capacitor C3 by the duration of the high level in the second signal.
When the amplitude of the third signal is decreased due to the increase of the load supplied by the circuit 200, the seventh signal output by the second feedback sub-module becomes smaller, the rate of increase of the fifth signal output by the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 in the feedforward module 230 becomes slower, that is, the time required for the fifth signal to increase to the amplitude of the fourth signal becomes longer, and the change of the third signal can be quickly sensed, so that the duty ratio of the second signal output by the functional rate amplifier a in the control module becomes larger, that is, the duration of the high level in the second signal becomes longer, and further, the amplitude of the third signal output by the first terminal of the third capacitor C3 in the voltage conversion module 210 increases, as shown in fig. 14, so as to compensate for the change of the third signal due to the increase of the load supplied by the circuit 200.
Similarly, when the first signal becomes smaller and the amplitude of the third signal decreases, the sixth signal output by the first feedback sub-module becomes smaller, the rate of increase of the fifth signal output by the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 in the feedforward module 230 becomes slower, that is, the time required for the fifth signal to increase to the amplitude of the fourth signal becomes longer, the change of the third signal can be quickly sensed, so that the duty ratio of the second signal output by the functional rate amplifier a in the control module becomes larger, that is, the duration of the high level in the second signal becomes longer, and the amplitude of the third signal output by the first terminal of the third capacitor C3 in the voltage conversion module 210 increases, so as to compensate the change of the third signal caused by the increase of the load supplied by the circuit 200.
In one possible embodiment, any one or more of the connection between the output of the voltage converting module 210 and the first input of the feedback module 220, the connection between the output of the voltage converting module 210 and the first input of the feedforward module 230, the connection between the output of the feedback module 220 and the first input of the control module 240, the connection between the second input of the feedforward module 230 and the input of the voltage converting module 210, and the connection between the output of the control module 240 and the control of the voltage converting module 210 may be electrically isolated, for example, by an isolation transformer or an opto-coupler.
For example, as shown in fig. 15, the electrical isolation between the voltage converting module 210 and the feedback module 220 and between the output of the voltage converting module 210 and the first input of the feedforward module 230 may be achieved by connecting an inductor L2 coupled to the inductor L1 between the output of the voltage converting module 210 and the first input of the feedback module 220 and between the output of the voltage converting module 210 and the first input of the feedforward module 230; the output end of the feedback module 220 is connected to the first output end of the control module 240 through a photoelectric coupler.
For another example, as shown in fig. 16, the output terminal of the voltage converting module 210 is connected to the second input terminal of the feed-forward module 230 through a secondary winding of a two-winding transformer T1 in the voltage converting module 210, so that the voltage converting module 210 can be electrically isolated from the feed-forward module 230; the output terminal of the first comparator X1 in the control module 240 is connected to the driver a through a transformer T2, so that the voltage conversion module 210 and the control module 240 can be electrically isolated.
It should be noted that the first feedforward submodule may directly sample the first signal to obtain the sixth signal, and the second feedforward submodule may directly sample the third signal to obtain the seventh signal, such as the circuit 200 for stabilizing an output signal shown in any one of fig. 3 to 7, 12, 15, and 16. The first sub feed-forward module in the feed-forward module 230 may further sample another signal capable of reflecting the change of the first signal in the voltage conversion module 210 to obtain the sixth signal, and output the sixth signal to the second input terminal of the control module 240, and the second feed-forward sub-module may also sample another signal capable of reflecting the change of the third signal in the voltage conversion module 210 to obtain the seventh signal, and output the seventh signal to the second input terminal of the control module 240. For example, as shown in fig. 17, the voltage converting module 210 further includes a tenth resistor R10, the third terminal of the second controllable switch Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the tenth resistor and the second input terminal of the first comparator X1, respectively, and the second terminal of the tenth resistor is grounded.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the first signal input to the voltage converting module 210 or the load connected to the voltage converting module 210 changes, which causes the third signal output by the voltage converting module 210 to change, the feedforward module 230 can rapidly sense the change of the third signal and generate the fifth signal, so that the control module 240 can output the second signal according to the fifth signal and the fourth signal output by the feedback module 220, and control the voltage converting module 210 to output the compensated third signal according to the second signal, that is, adjust the output signal by combining the feedforward control and the feedback control, so as to stabilize the third signal, effectively reduce the overshoot of the third signal, weaken the input feedforward (the first signal feedforward), and change the input impedance characteristic of the circuit 200, further, the input anti-resonance capability of the circuit 200 in a situation that the input line is pulled far away can be improved, and the gain margin of the feedback loop can also be improved, so that the adverse effect of the pole of the filter circuit of the output signal of the circuit 200 on the feedback loop can be improved.
In addition, since the feed-forward module 230 is implemented by a passive device, there is no bandwidth limitation, and it can respond to the change of the third signal in real time, so as to improve the load dynamic characteristic of the circuit 200, and the cost is low, and the implementation is easy.
Based on the above embodiments, the present application also provides a power converter further including a circuit 200 for stabilizing an output signal as shown in any one of fig. 2 to 16.
It should be noted that, since the power converter includes the circuit 200 for stabilizing the output signal, and the related technical features of the circuit 200 have been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, no further description is provided here, and reference may be made to the related description of the circuit 200.
Additionally, it should be understood that the power converter may further include compensation circuitry and protection circuitry associated with stabilizing the output signal of the circuit 200 to further improve the accuracy of the power converter output signal.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to encompass such modifications and variations.
Claims (14)
1. A circuit for stabilizing an output signal, comprising: the voltage conversion module comprises an input end for receiving a first signal, an output end of the voltage conversion module is respectively connected with a first input end of the feedback module and a first input end of the feedforward module, a second end of the feedback module is used for receiving a reference signal, an output end of the feedback module is connected with a first input end of the control module, a second input end of the feedforward module is connected with an input end of the voltage conversion module, an output end of the feedforward module is connected with a second input end of the control module, and an output end of the control module is connected with a control end of the voltage conversion module;
the voltage conversion module is used for converting the first signal into a third signal under the control of a second signal output by the control module and outputting the third signal to the feedback module, wherein the amplitude of the third signal is in direct proportion to the duty ratio of the second signal;
the feedback module is configured to compare the third signal with the reference signal to obtain a fourth signal, and output the fourth signal to the control module; wherein the fourth signal is an error signal of the third signal and the reference signal, and the initial value of the third signal is 0;
the feedforward module is used for generating a fifth signal according to the first signal and the third signal and outputting the fifth signal to the control module; the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the first signal, or the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the third signal, or the fifth signal is used for controlling the duty ratio of the second signal according to the change of the first signal and the change of the third signal; the feed-forward module is composed of passive devices;
the control module is configured to generate the second signal according to the fourth signal and the fifth signal, and output the second signal to the voltage conversion module.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the feed-forward module comprises a first feed-forward sub-module and a second feed-forward sub-module, an input of the first feed-forward sub-module being connected to the input of the voltage conversion module, an output of the first feed-forward sub-module being connected to the second input of the control module, an input of the second feed-forward sub-module being connected to the output of the voltage conversion module, an output of the second feed-forward sub-module being connected to the second input of the control module;
the first feedforward submodule is used for sampling the first signal to obtain a sixth signal and outputting the sixth signal to the control module;
the second feedforward submodule is used for sampling the third signal to obtain a seventh signal and outputting the seventh signal to the control module; the fifth signal includes the sixth signal and the seventh signal.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the first feed-forward sub-module comprises a first controllable switch, a first resistor, and a first capacitor; a first end of the first controllable switch is configured to receive a preset clock signal, the clock signal is configured to control a state of the first controllable switch, a second end of the first controllable switch is connected to a first end of the first resistor, a first end of the first capacitor, and a second input end of the control module, respectively, a third end of the first controllable switch and a second end of the first capacitor are grounded, and a second end of the first resistor is connected to an input end of the voltage conversion module;
the second feed-forward submodule comprises a second resistor and a second capacitor; the first end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage conversion module, the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor.
4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the second feedforward sub-module further includes a third resistor, a first terminal of the third resistor being connected to a first terminal of the second resistor, a second terminal of the third resistor being connected to a second terminal of the second capacitor.
5. A circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first controllable switch is a field effect transistor, or a triode or soft switch.
6. The circuit of claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein the control module comprises a first comparator and a driver; a first input end of the first comparator is connected with an output end of the feedback module, a second input end of the first comparator is connected with an output end of the feedforward module, an output end of the first comparator is connected with an input end of the driver, and an output end of the driver is connected with a control end of the voltage conversion module;
the first comparator is configured to compare the fourth signal with the fifth signal to obtain the second signal, and output the second signal to the driver;
the driver is configured to amplify the second signal and output the amplified second signal to the voltage conversion module.
7. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the first feed-forward sub-module comprises a first resistor and a second resistor; the first end of the first resistor is connected with the input end of the voltage conversion module, the second end of the first resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the second resistor and the second input end of the control module, and the second end of the second resistor is grounded;
the second feed-forward submodule comprises a third resistor and a first capacitor; the first end of the third resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage conversion module, the second end of the third resistor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, and the second end of the first capacitor is respectively connected with the second end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor.
8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the second feed-forward sub-module further comprises a fourth resistor, a first terminal of the fourth resistor being connected to a first terminal of the third resistor, a second terminal of the fourth resistor being connected to a second terminal of the first capacitor.
9. The circuit of claim 7 or 8, wherein the control module is a microprocessor, and the microprocessor is connected to the output terminal of the feedforward module, the output terminal of the feedback module and the control terminal of the voltage conversion module respectively;
the microprocessor is configured to obtain the fifth signal and the sixth signal, and calculate the fourth signal and the fifth signal according to a preset calculation rule to obtain the second signal, where the preset calculation rule is determined according to a topology structure of the voltage conversion module.
10. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the voltage conversion module comprises a second controllable switch, a transformer, a first diode, and a second diode;
the first end of the second controllable switch is connected with the output end of the control module, the second end of the second controllable switch is connected with the first end of the primary coil of the transformer, the third end of the second controllable switch is grounded, the second signal is used for controlling the state of the first controllable switch, the second end of the primary coil of the transformer is the input end of the voltage conversion module, two ends of the secondary coil of the transformer are respectively connected with the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode are grounded, and the cathode of the first diode is further connected with the input end of the feedback module.
11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the voltage conversion module further comprises an inductor and a third capacitor;
the first end of the inductor is connected with the negative electrode of the first diode, the second end of the inductor is respectively connected with the first end of the third capacitor and the input end of the feedback module, and the second end of the third capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the first diode.
12. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the feedback module is further to:
performing a proportional integral derivative PID adjustment on the fourth signal prior to outputting the fourth signal to the control module.
13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the feedback module comprises: a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor and a second comparator;
the positive phase input end of the second comparator is used for inputting the reference signal, the negative phase input end of the second comparator is respectively connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the first end of the sixth resistor, the first end of the fourth capacitor, the first end of the fifth capacitor and the first end of the sixth capacitor, the output end of the second comparator is respectively connected with the second end of the fourth capacitor, the first end of the sixth capacitor and the first input end of the control module, the second end of the fifth resistor is grounded, the second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the second end of the sixth capacitor, and the second end of the fifth capacitor is respectively connected with the second end of the seventh resistor and the output end of the voltage conversion module.
14. A power converter comprising a circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13.
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| CN113253602A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-08-13 | 纳思科丰(大连)医疗科技有限公司 | Peak current self-feedback closed-loop control circuit applied to body surface electrical stimulation |
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