CN109245513B - Starting circuit - Google Patents
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- CN109245513B CN109245513B CN201811330421.5A CN201811330421A CN109245513B CN 109245513 B CN109245513 B CN 109245513B CN 201811330421 A CN201811330421 A CN 201811330421A CN 109245513 B CN109245513 B CN 109245513B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a starting circuit capable of realizing an ultra-wide AC or DC voltage input range, and the starting circuit has the controllable functions of opening and closing. The starting circuit has various embodiments, and can realize low-voltage high-current starting through resistor voltage division, wherein the second starting IC provides the functions of controlling starting and switching off and has the characteristics of high current and large return difference. In addition, the low-voltage high-current starting can be realized in a voltage-stabilizing diode clamping mode, so that a peripheral circuit is simplified, the area and the volume of a PCB (printed circuit board) are reduced, the cost is reduced, the process is not limited, and the requirements of a high-density small-volume low-cost power supply system can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to switching power supplies, and more particularly, to a starting circuit of a switching power supply converter.
Background
Generally, a switching power supply (hereinafter referred to as "power supply") circuit includes a start circuit to start a controller when the power supply is powered on, drive a transformer to convert voltage, and realize normal operation of the power supply, where power supply of the controller may be provided by an auxiliary winding.
The starting circuit part of most of the current controllers adopts a traditional linear voltage stabilizing circuit, as shown in fig. 1, which is a simplified diagram of the traditional linear starting circuit, and comprises resistors R1 and R2, a capacitor C, a voltage stabilizing diode Dz and a triode T (or MOS tube). The input voltage of a power supply generates a current through a resistor R1, and the current is input to the base end of a triode to drive the triode to be saturated and conducted, and the current is generated to a starting capacitor C VDD Charging to complete the start-up of the controller. The starting circuit shown in fig. 1 is without any control and therefore continuously consumes energy in the resistor R during the power supply start-up. In addition, when the output fluctuates, the starting circuit will start repeatedly, causing loss.
Therefore, the starting circuit has more defects, including larger loss on the resistor R, more peripheral components, difficult PCB board arrangement, large volume, high purchase cost and production cost, unfavorable for the design of a high-power-density small-volume module power supply, no hysteresis control on the periphery of the starting voltage, easy start-up circuit repeated start-up, and higher loss. Therefore, a more efficient solution to save the power consumption of the start-up circuit would be to use a controllable start-up circuit (meaning a circuit that is turned off and on controllably) to complete the start-up of the controller.
To solve the above problem, an integrated controllable start-up circuit is proposed in chinese patent publication No. CN 105529914a, published in 2016, 10 and 7, and the basic schematic diagram thereof is shown in fig. 2.
Under high voltage input, the bypass capacitor is charged by the low-limit starting current and the high-limit starting current, and when the output voltage V OUT After set-up, the high voltage start-up circuit is turned off, at which point VDD pin may be powered through auxiliary winding Ns 2. Other pin connections and functions of the controller shown in fig. 2 are not shown, and are not relevant to the present invention.
In summary, the above patent addresses the drawbacks of conventional linear regulators, but its application range is still limited. On the one hand, under the application occasion of ultra-low voltage direct current input, the problem that normal starting cannot be carried out exists; on the other hand, the starting current of the patent is not large enough, and according to the capacitance charge-discharge formula:
wherein C is VDD For bypass capacitance of VDD pin of controller, I charge Charging current for the start-up circuit.
It can be known that when the power consumption requirement of the controller is higher, the charging current of the capacitor is reduced, for example, under the condition of multistage control, the starting time is greatly prolonged, the system application with high starting time requirement is not applicable any more, and the bypass capacitor C carried by the VDD is due to the requirement of the output large capacitive load VDD The starting time cannot be shortened by reducing the bypass capacitance, which results in higher application cost and occupies larger volume of the PCB.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the limitations of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a starting circuit which can meet the starting of an ultra-wide range AC or DC input voltage, provide a large charging current, simplify a peripheral circuit, reduce the PCB layout area and volume and reduce the cost so as to meet the requirements of a high-density small-volume low-cost power supply system.
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a start-up circuit for providing a large charging current to a bypass capacitor of a power supply terminal VDD of a controller when a super-wide voltage input is started, comprising: two start ICs and peripheral components. The starting IC1 and the starting IC2 have the characteristic of saturation large current, the starting IC2 has the on and off control function, and a larger return difference exists between a starting threshold value and a switching threshold value. The starting IC1 input end of the starting circuit and the power supply input V IN The output end of the starting IC2 is connected with the VDD power supply end of the controller, and the control end of the starting IC2 is grounded.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when the power supply is just powered on, the controller is not started, the voltage of the power supply end VDD is 0V, and the input provides large current for the controller through the starting IC1 and the starting IC2 so as to supply the bypass capacitor C VDD Charging; when the voltage of the power supply end VDD reaches the controller start voltage, the controller starts to start, and outputs a G pulse driving signal, so that the charging speed of the VDD pin is slowed down due to the power consumption of the controller. When the VDD port voltage reaches the turn-off threshold of the start-up IC2, the start-up IC2 is turned off, and then the start-up IC1 is turned off, i.e., the start-up circuit is turned off, and the start-up circuit will not take power from the input voltage any more, so that extra power consumption loss is avoided. And after the output voltage is established, the controller is powered by the auxiliary winding, and the starting is completed.
When the controller is protected and turned off, the power required by the static operation of the controller is provided to the power supply end VDD by the bypass capacitor, when the voltage of the power supply end VDD is reduced to a starting point for starting the IC2, the starting circuit is turned on again and is used for providing large current for the power supply end VDD of the controller so as to charge the bypass capacitor until the controller is restarted, when the VDD rises to a turn-off threshold value of the starting IC2, the starting circuit is turned off again, and the controller and the starting circuit are turned on and off alternately until the controller detects that the protection is eliminated.
As one scheme of the starting circuit, the starting circuit comprises a starting IC1, a starting IC2, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, wherein an input port 1 of the starting IC1 is used as an input end of the starting circuit to be connected with a power supply input V IN One end of the resistor R1 and one end of the filter capacitor C1; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R2, one end of the capacitor C2 and the control end 3 of the starting IC1, and the other end of the resistor R2 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are connected to the ground; the output end 2 of the starting IC1 is connected to the input end 2 of the starting IC2, the control end 3 of the starting IC2 is grounded, and the output end 1 of the starting IC2 is used as the output end of the starting circuit to be connected to the power supply end of an external controller to supply power to the power supply end of the controller.
After the power supply is electrified, the control end 3 of the starting IC1 is input through resistor voltage division control, and under the low-voltage input condition, the voltage division value is kept higher than the turn-off threshold value of the starting IC2, so that the starting IC2 can be ensured to be normally turned on and turned off; under the high pressure condition, the resistor voltage division ratio is also suitable for starting IC2 of a low process, and the voltage withstand problem can be effectively avoided.
As another scheme of the starting circuit, the starting circuit comprises a starting IC1, a starting IC2, a resistor RL and a voltage stabilizing diode Dz, wherein an input port 1 of the starting IC1 is used as an input end of the starting circuit to be connected with a power supply input V IN The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The anode of the voltage stabilizing diode Dz is grounded, the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode Dz is connected to the control end 3 of the starting IC1 and one end of a resistor RL, and the other end of the resistor RL is connected to the output end 2 of the starting IC1 and the input end 2 of the starting IC 2; the control end 3 of the starting IC2 is grounded, the output end 1 of the starting IC2 is used as the output end of the starting circuit to be connected to the power supply end of an external controller so as to supply the bypass capacitor C VDD Charging; under high voltage input, the voltage of the control terminal 3 of the starting IC1 is clamped, and meanwhile, the voltage of the input terminal 2 of the starting IC2 is also clamped, so that the voltage withstand problem of the starting IC2 can be eliminated, the process limitation is eliminated, and peripheral regulation is not needed.
Preferably, the starting IC1 and the starting IC2 have the characteristic of saturation large current, and the starting IC2 has the on and off control function, and a larger return difference exists between a starting threshold value and an off threshold value of the starting IC 2.
Preferably, the resistance of the resistor RL is megaohm.
The implementation mode, the circuit principle, the action and the like of the invention are briefly analyzed, and the beneficial effects of the invention are summarized as follows:
1. the invention can solve the starting problem under the ultra-wide AC or DC input voltage range, can realize normal starting under low-voltage input, and can close the starting circuit after the controller is started, thereby saving power consumption.
2. And large charging current is realized under the condition of full-range voltage input, so that the method is suitable for various controller IC applications.
3. The starting circuit has the advantages of fewer devices, simple peripheral structure, reliable circuit principle, small volume and cost saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional linear voltage regulator circuit for controller startup;
FIG. 2 is a prior art high voltage start-up circuit for implementing controller start-up;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a start-up circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of a startup circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing waveforms associated with implementing controller startup according to an embodiment of the startup circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a power-on test waveform of the present invention in practice;
FIG. 7 is a waveform of a guard restart test in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of a start-up circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
FIG. 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of the present invention in an application scenario of an optocoupler feedback flyback power supply, wherein the secondary optocoupler and the secondary optocoupler are omittedTL431 and loop compensation portion. The starting circuit is a circuit part in a dashed frame, and the periphery of the starting circuit can be provided with various connection modes, which are not shown here, and the detailed description is given here. The GT pin is the driving output of the controller and is used for controlling the on and off of the power tube M1; the VDD pin is a power input pin of the controller and is used for supplying power to the controller, wherein the VDD pin is connected with the output end of the starting circuit, and can solve the problem that the ultra-wide range input is carried out in V IN And under the condition of low voltage, the controller cannot be started normally. Other pin connections and functions of the controller shown in fig. 3 are not relevant to the present invention and are therefore not shown.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the starting circuit applied to a switching power supply according to the present invention is shown.
The starting circuit comprises two starting ICs, two kilo-ohm resistors and two nano-meter filter capacitors. The input port 1 of the starting IC1 is connected with the power supply input V IN And is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the filter capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the capacitor C1 are connected with one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the capacitor C2, and are connected to the control terminal 3 of the start IC1, and the other end of the resistor R2 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are connected to the ground. The output terminal 2 of the start IC1 is connected to the input terminal 2 of the start IC2, the control terminal 3 of the start IC2 is grounded, and the output terminal 1 of the start IC2 is connected to the power supply terminal VDD of the controller.
Basic working principle of this embodiment:
after the power supply is electrified, the voltage of the control end of the starting IC1 is controlled through voltage division of the resistor, so that the current flowing from the starting IC1 is controlled, the control end of the starting IC2 is directly connected to the ground, the maximum current is realized to charge the VDD bypass capacitor of the controller, and further the quick starting of the controller is realized.
The implementation method for realizing the high-current and low-voltage starting in the embodiment is as follows:
in the start IC1, the voltage at the control terminal is:
the starting IC1 is equivalent to a depletion MOS tube, and the flowing current is as follows:
wherein V is s1 For the depletion of the source voltage (i.e. the port 2 voltage), V th For the threshold voltage of the drain.
When the MOS tube works in a saturated conduction state through resistor voltage division, the output voltage of the starting IC2 can be controlled to exceed the starting voltage and the turn-off threshold voltage of the starting IC2 during low-voltage input, so that the starting IC2 can be started normally on one hand, and the stress of the starting IC2 can be reduced through resistor proportioning on the other hand, and therefore the controller is charged by starting high current and is started quickly.
Here, the resistor selection level of the resistor voltage dividing network is suggested to be in kiloohm level, so that the resistor voltage dividing accuracy can be ensured at low voltage, and the voltage dividing proportion of the resistor voltage dividing network can meet the starting and closing conditions of the starting IC 2.
FIG. 5 shows waveforms of the VDD and GT pins at the start-up of the controller according to the first embodiment, so that the start-up circuit provides a large current to rapidly charge the VDD bypass capacitor after the input is powered up, and the VDD voltage is charged to the controller start-up point V after the time T1 VDD_ON The controller starts to work, outputs pulse waveform, drives the external power tube, and transmits energy to the secondary side through the transformer, and the VDD charging speed is reduced due to the power consumption of the controller, but the charging current is larger than the power consumption current, the charging is continued, and the VDD voltage is charged to the turn-off threshold V of the start IC2 after the time T2 IC2_OFF The IC2 is started to be turned off, the starting circuit is turned off, the power consumption is saved, at the moment, the power of the VDD port voltage of the controller starts to be turned off due to the power consumption of the controller, and the output voltage rises to V after the time T3 OUT_min And through the transformer switching to the auxiliary winding voltage, the loop begins to build and stabilize, at which point the controller VDD pin is powered through the auxiliary winding.
As shown in fig. 6, in the actual test of the present invention, the GT pin is a pulse waveform, and the test time is required to be lengthened in actual measurement to observe the voltage change of the VDD pin and the output establishment process in the start-up process, so that the GT pin waveform is dense to generate shadows, and the GATE pin amplitude follows the VDD change and remains stable after the output establishment. Because the starting voltage designed by the controller is similar to the turn-off threshold of the starting IC2, it can be seen that when the VDD voltage rises to the turn-off point, the starting circuit is turned off, saving loss, and meanwhile, the controller outputs a pulse signal, the voltage of the VDD port of the controller starts to be powered down due to the power consumption of the controller, and when the output is gradually established, the controller is powered by the auxiliary winding. As can be seen from fig. 6, at the time of starting, the bypass capacitor (10 uF) has a charge current of the magnitude of:
the charging current is large, and the starting time can be greatly reduced.
As shown in fig. 7, a waveform diagram of a protection restart test actually tested in the application of the present invention is shown, wherein the GT pin is a pulse waveform, and shadows appear due to lengthening the test time. When the controller is protected and turned off, the power required by the static operation of the controller is provided to the power supply end VDD by the bypass capacitor, when the voltage of the power supply end VDD is reduced to the starting point of the starting IC2, the starting circuit is restarted, a large current is provided for the power supply end VDD of the controller, so that the bypass capacitor is charged until the controller is restarted, the starting circuit is turned off again when the VDD rises to the closing threshold value of the starting IC2, and the controller and the starting circuit are alternately turned on and off until the controller detects that the protection is eliminated.
Example two
As shown in fig. 8, compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that the voltage division is realized without the resistor, the voltage regulator clamp can be utilized, the periphery is saved, and the voltage stress of the starting IC2 is reduced, so that the low-voltage process IC is directly used. As shown in FIG. 8, the input port 1 of the start IC1 is connected with the power input V IN The anode of the voltage stabilizing diode Dz is grounded, the cathode is connected to the control terminal 3 of the starting IC1, and is connected toOne end of the resistor RL, the other end of the resistor RL is connected to the output terminal 2 of the start-up IC1 and to the input terminal 2 of the start-up IC 2. The control terminal 3 of the start IC2 is grounded, and the output terminal 1 is connected to the power supply terminal VDD of the controller.
Basic working principle of this embodiment:
after the power supply is electrified, the starting IC1 and the starting IC2 are started, the starting circuit generates large current to charge bypass capacitance of the power supply end VDD of the controller, and when the VDD voltage reaches the turn-off threshold value of the starting IC2, the starting circuit is closed, so that power consumption is saved. After the output voltage has gradually built up, the controller begins to be powered by the auxiliary winding.
The start-up IC1 is equivalent to an NMOS tube, and under the low voltage input condition, the voltage of the control terminal 3 of the start-up IC1 is charged to be close to the initial input voltage V due to parasitic capacitance between the grid electrode and the drain electrode IN When V IN When the voltage is higher than the breakdown voltage of the clamping tube, the voltage of the control end 3 of the starting IC1 is clamped at the clamping value of the zener diode, so that the input of the starting IC2 is also clamped, and in this case, the starting IC2 can use a low-voltage process without considering the withstand voltage of the starting IC2, so that the starting IC2 can be flexibly selected and is not limited by the process, even if the process change is still not affected in application, the requirements of low cost and multiple scheme selection can be met.
Here, the resistance of the resistor RL is selected to be megaohm, and the voltage drop across the resistor is the difference between the clamp voltage and the input voltage of the start IC2, which is small, so that the working loss can be effectively reduced.
It should be noted that: the present invention relates to a start-up circuit application, in which two start-up ICs are used, and the implementation of the functions of these two start-up ICs is well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art may implement the technical solution according to the embodiment of the present invention, and even if the interior of the two start-up ICs is not described in detail in the specification, the description of the use of the start-up ICs in the specification is not considered to be sufficient. The selection of the second start IC may be determined by one skilled in the art based on the needs and the specific process requirements, and this is known to those skilled in the art.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the present invention may be modified, replaced or altered in various other ways by using the general knowledge and conventional means in the art according to the above-mentioned aspects of the present invention without departing from the basic technical idea of the present invention, and all the modifications and alterations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a starting circuit, is applied to switching power supply's converter, starting circuit is used for when switching power supply powers up, starts switching power supply's controller to make switching power supply normally work, its characterized in that: the power supply comprises a starting IC1, a starting IC2, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, wherein an input port 1 of the starting IC1 is used as an input end of a starting circuit to be connected with a power supply input V IN One end of the resistor R1 and one end of the filter capacitor C1; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R2, one end of the capacitor C2 and the control end 3 of the starting IC1, and the other end of the resistor R2 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are connected to the ground; the output end 2 of the starting IC1 is connected to the input end 2 of the starting IC2, the control end 3 of the starting IC2 is grounded, and the output end 1 of the starting IC2 is used as the output end of the starting circuit to be connected to the power supply end of an external controller to supply power to the power supply end of the controller; the starting IC1 and the starting IC2 have the characteristic of saturation large current, the starting IC2 has the starting and switching-off control function, and the starting threshold value and the switching-off threshold value of the starting IC2 have return difference.
2. The start-up circuit of claim 1, wherein: the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are kiloohm resistors; the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are nano-scale filter capacitors.
3. The utility model provides a starting circuit, is applied to switching power supply's converter, starting circuit is used for when switching power supply powers up, starts switching power supply's controller to make switching power supply normally work, its characterized in that: comprises a start IC1, a start IC2, a resistor RL and a voltage stabilizing diode Dz, wherein the input port 1 of the start IC1 is used asThe input end of the starting circuit is connected with a power supply input V IN The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The anode of the voltage stabilizing diode Dz is grounded, the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode Dz is connected to the control end 3 of the starting IC1 and one end of a resistor RL, and the other end of the resistor RL is connected to the output end 2 of the starting IC1 and the input end 2 of the starting IC 2; the control end 3 of the starting IC2 is grounded, and the output end 1 of the starting IC2 is used as the output end of the starting circuit to be connected to the power supply end of an external controller to supply power to the power supply end of the controller; the starting IC1 and the starting IC2 have the characteristic of saturation large current, the starting IC2 has the starting and switching-off control function, and the starting threshold value and the switching-off threshold value of the starting IC2 have return difference.
4. A start-up circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the resistance of the resistor RL is megaohm.
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| CN201811330421.5A CN109245513B (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2018-11-09 | Starting circuit |
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| US11921531B2 (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2024-03-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Zener diode power path control for extended operation range of linear power supplies |
| CN118478690A (en) * | 2024-06-03 | 2024-08-13 | 青岛蚂蚁机器人有限责任公司 | Heavy-load AGV starting circuit and method thereof |
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| CN103683890A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Flyback quick starting drive circuit and drive method |
| CN204030995U (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-12-17 | 深圳麦格米特电气股份有限公司 | A kind of Switching Power Supply start-up circuit |
| CN205453099U (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-08-10 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Sampling circuit and mistake, undervoltage protection control circuit |
| US9742262B1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-08-22 | Bel Fuse (Macao Commerical Offshore) Limited | Switching power supply startup circuit with normally on device providing startup charging current |
| CN207069897U (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-03-02 | 苏州汇川技术有限公司 | Start-up circuit and inverse-excitation type switch power-supply |
| CN207475402U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-08 | 深圳海鸿微电子科技有限公司 | Integrated super-pressure start-up circuit and Switching Power Supply in the controller |
| CN209016930U (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-06-21 | 深圳南云微电子有限公司 | A kind of start-up circuit |
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| CN109245513A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
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