CN109244625B - Magnetic antenna device for receiving underwater ultralow frequency signals - Google Patents
Magnetic antenna device for receiving underwater ultralow frequency signals Download PDFInfo
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- CN109244625B CN109244625B CN201811080531.0A CN201811080531A CN109244625B CN 109244625 B CN109244625 B CN 109244625B CN 201811080531 A CN201811080531 A CN 201811080531A CN 109244625 B CN109244625 B CN 109244625B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/04—Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic antenna device for receiving underwater ultralow frequency signals, which comprises an upper layer antenna array and a lower layer antenna array which are parallel up and down and are arranged at intervals; the upper antenna array comprises a first magnetic antenna, a second magnetic antenna, a third magnetic antenna and a fourth magnetic antenna which are distributed in a square shape in the same horizontal plane; the lower antenna array has the same structure as the upper antenna array, and slow wave materials are filled among the magnetic antennas. The invention adopts the design of array antennas, which are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, can realize the omnidirectional receiving of signals, simultaneously, determines the incoming wave direction of the ultra-low frequency signals according to the directional filtering characteristics of the magnetic antennas and the difference of the output waveform intensity and the frequency spectrum intensity of each magnetic antenna, determines incoming wave signals collected by the upper magnetic antenna and the lower magnetic antenna close to the incoming wave as more credible samples at the moment, and processes the obtained samples through filtering and noise cancellation to obtain the ultra-low frequency signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deepwater communication, in particular to a magnetic antenna device for receiving underwater ultralow frequency signals.
Background
The ultra-low frequency (SLF) communication is the only deep water communication technology in China at present, and the underwater vehicle uses a towing antenna to receive ultra-low frequency radio signals underwater, so that the one-way communication between the water surface and the underwater vehicle is achieved. The trailing antenna is an electric antenna, and although the trailing antenna can receive ultra-low frequency signals, the total length of the antenna is about several hundred meters, and the following main problems exist:
1. towed antenna severely affects maneuverability of underwater vehicles
Because the towing antenna does not solve the problem of omnidirectional receiving at present, the course of the underwater vehicle must be adjusted to the specified course during receiving, and the course of the underwater vehicle is severely limited. The towed antenna is positioned in the wake flow of the underwater vehicle after being released, the towed antenna swings under the influence of the wake flow, the antenna generates electromagnetic interference noise, the signal receiving quality of the underwater vehicle is influenced, and the navigation speed of the underwater vehicle is limited when the underwater vehicle receives the signals.
2. Towed antenna seriously affects the safety of underwater vehicles
Towed antenna systems use winching mechanisms for release and retrieval, and winching systems can emit noise during operation, increasing the likelihood of acoustic exposure of the underwater vehicle. The towed antenna is arranged behind the underwater vehicle after being released, has the length of 800m, can collide and wind with tail structures such as propellers and the like under special conditions, and is easy to collide by trawlers, water surface commercial ships and the like, so that parts of the underwater vehicle are damaged. When equipment such as a towed antenna and a towed sonar is used, the towed antenna and the towed sonar conflict with each other, the two equipment cannot be used simultaneously, and otherwise, a towed part is wound and dragged and even falls off.
3. The trailing antenna seriously affects the real-time performance of communication.
The towed antenna is a non-omnidirectional antenna, communication can be performed only after the underwater vehicle adjusts the course at the appointed time, and full-time and real-time receiving cannot be achieved. When the underwater vehicle is limited in maneuvering or the course of the underwater vehicle cannot be adjusted in emergency, communication cannot be achieved in time, and only the next receiving point can be waited when the underwater vehicle misses the receiving. The real-time performance of the communication cannot be guaranteed.
In order to overcome the defects of the towing antenna, an underwater vehicle adopting a magnetic antenna as a receiving antenna is available in foreign countries, but the communication frequency band is Very Low Frequency (VLF), and the purpose of receiving signals in an ultra-low frequency band by using the magnetic antenna cannot be achieved.
However, the ultra low frequency reception effect depends on two factors, one is the signal strength at the reception depth and the other is the signal-to-noise ratio at the reception depth. At present, through calculation and tests, a single magnetic antenna can reliably receive the signal at the depth of 100 meters, the signal intensity and the sensitivity index of the magnetic antenna reach the standard, and the signal-to-noise ratio also meets the receiving requirement. However, when the receiving antenna is arranged on the shell of the underwater vehicle, the noise of the underwater vehicle can greatly influence the signal-to-noise ratio on the receiving depth, so that the signal-to-noise ratio index can not meet the receiving requirement. On the premise that indexes such as sensitivity of a magnetic field antenna meet requirements, the most critical problem is how to overcome noise generated by an underwater vehicle to realize the function of receiving ultralow frequency signals on the underwater vehicle by the magnetic antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic antenna device for underwater ultralow frequency signal reception.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a magnetic antenna device for receiving underwater ultralow frequency signals comprises an upper layer antenna array and a lower layer antenna array which are parallel to each other at intervals; the upper antenna array comprises a first magnetic antenna, a second magnetic antenna, a third magnetic antenna and a fourth magnetic antenna which are distributed in a square shape in the same horizontal plane; the lower antenna array has the same structure as the upper antenna array and comprises a fifth magnetic antenna, a sixth magnetic antenna, a seventh magnetic antenna and an eighth magnetic antenna, wherein the fifth magnetic antenna is parallel to the first magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna is parallel to the second magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna is parallel to the third magnetic antenna, and the eighth magnetic antenna is parallel to the fourth magnetic antenna; slow wave materials are filled among the first magnetic antenna, the second magnetic antenna, the third magnetic antenna, the fourth magnetic antenna, the fifth magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna and the eighth magnetic antenna;
according to the directional filtering characteristics of the magnetic antennas, the filtering characteristics of the filling material and the difference of the output waveform strength and the spectrum strength of each magnetic antenna, the incoming wave direction of the ultra-low frequency signal is determined, incoming wave signals collected by an upper magnetic antenna and a lower magnetic antenna close to the incoming wave are determined to be credible samples, and the obtained samples are processed through filtering and noise cancellation to obtain the ultra-low frequency signal.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the first magnetic antenna, the second magnetic antenna, the third magnetic antenna, the fourth magnetic antenna, the fifth magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna, and the eighth magnetic antenna are all inductive magnetic field sensors.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sensor has high receiving sensitivity, can meet the requirement of ultra-low frequency communication, does not require the underwater vehicle to reduce cruising speed and submerging depth during working, and can ensure the maneuverability and the concealment of the underwater vehicle.
2. The invention adopts array antenna design, 8 magnetic field sensor arrays are used, each 4 magnetic field sensor arrays form a square plane array which is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the array design can realize the omnidirectional receiving of signals, a plurality of signals and noise samples are obtained, and the subsequent signal processing and noise suppression are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a magnetic antenna device for receiving an underwater ultra-low frequency signal includes an upper antenna array and a lower antenna array which are parallel to each other and spaced from each other; the upper antenna array comprises a first magnetic antenna U1, a second magnetic antenna U2, a third magnetic antenna U3 and a fourth magnetic antenna U4 which are distributed in a square shape in the same plane; the lower antenna array has the same structure as the upper antenna array and comprises a fifth magnetic antenna D1, a sixth magnetic antenna D2, a seventh magnetic antenna D3 and an eighth magnetic antenna D4, wherein the fifth magnetic antenna is parallel to the first magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna is parallel to the second magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna is parallel to the third magnetic antenna, and the eighth magnetic antenna is parallel to the fourth magnetic antenna; slow wave materials (not shown in the figure) are filled among the first magnetic antenna, the second magnetic antenna, the third magnetic antenna, the fourth magnetic antenna, the fifth magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna and the eighth magnetic antenna.
The first magnetic antenna, the second magnetic antenna, the third magnetic antenna, the fourth magnetic antenna, the fifth magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna and the eighth magnetic antenna are all inductive magnetic field sensors.
The noise of the underwater vehicle is near-field noise, and is attenuated in a cubic manner along with the distance, so that the attenuation is fast. And the communication signal belongs to a far-field signal, and basically decays along with the first power of the distance, and the decay is slower. Therefore, the intensity of the communication signal on the upper magnetic antenna is much stronger than that on the lower magnetic antenna. Conversely, the intensity of underwater vehicle noise on the lower magnetic antenna is much greater than the intensity on the upper magnetic antenna.
Two magnetic antennas vertically arranged on a horizontal plane can receive signals in the plane in an omnidirectional manner, so that an antenna array consisting of four array element antennas receives signals in an omnidirectional manner in the horizontal direction, each incoming magnetic field signal is received by at least two magnetic antennas, and two sample data can be obtained. For the magnetic antenna device, at least four magnetic antennas can receive signals, and at most 8 magnetic antennas can receive signals, for the magnetic field signals in any incoming wave direction.
Taking the signal S1(f, D, n) with the incoming horizontal wave direction perpendicular to the U4 as an example, the signal S1(f, D, n) can be received in the direction of the maximum gain of the directional pattern by the U4U 2D 4D 2 according to the directional characteristic of the array element antenna.
In the above case, the directivity matrix of the upper antenna array is defined as:
the directivity matrix of the lower layer antenna array is:
the rank of this directional matrix is 2, and its condition number is good.
If the incoming wave direction is a diagonal direction, the directivity matrix of the upper layer antenna array is
The directional matrix of the lower-layer antenna array is as follows:
this directional matrix condition number is poor, with rank 1.
Taking the signal S1(f, d, n) with the direction of the horizontal incoming wave perpendicular to U4 as an example, the signal travels a distance L1 in the filler material as it travels from left to right, and the attenuation K1(f) of the signal over the distance L1 can be calculated from the filter characteristics of the filler material as described above. Thereby, the gain matrix of the upper layer antenna array is deduced:
the gain matrix of the lower-layer antenna array is as follows:
the matrix can be used for distinguishing the horizontal direction of the signal, and meanwhile, the filling material filtering gain difference can be used for distinguishing the upper direction and the lower direction of the signal.
Assuming that S1(f, d, n) is a single-frequency signal at a certain time, and without loss of generality, it can be considered that the multi-frequency signal is composed of multiple single-frequency signals, and the signal matrix output by the upper four magnetic antennas is:
Sout(U)＝G(U)S1(f,d,n)+Gm(U)
according to the signal matrix formula, due to the directional filtering characteristics and the filling material filtering characteristics of the magnetic antennas and the difference between the output waveform intensity and the spectrum intensity of the four magnetic antennas, the direction of the incoming wave can be determined for S1(f, D, n), and the signal collected on the U4/D4 antenna is determined to be a more reliable sample of S1(f, D, n) at the moment, so that the signal can be used for subsequent filtering and noise cancellation. Similarly, for a noise signal propagating from bottom to top, the lower antenna array sensing signal may also generate an amplitude difference higher by a certain decibel than the upper corresponding antenna. This amplitude difference appears as an amplitude value of the time domain waveform in the time domain, and can also appear as an amplitude difference value in the frequency domain. Signals which are similar in time domain waveform but different in waveform amplitude and spectrum amplitude by a certain decibel appear on the corresponding antennas of the upper layer and the lower layer, so that a sample of noise in a specific time period can be obtained on the antenna of the lower layer. And finally, processing the obtained sample through filtering and noise cancellation to obtain an ultralow frequency signal.
The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A magnetic antenna device for receiving underwater ultralow frequency signals is characterized by comprising an upper layer antenna array and a lower layer antenna array which are parallel up and down and arranged at intervals, wherein the upper layer antenna array and the lower layer antenna array are arranged on an underwater vehicle; the upper antenna array comprises a first magnetic antenna, a second magnetic antenna, a third magnetic antenna and a fourth magnetic antenna which are distributed in a square shape in the same horizontal plane; the lower antenna array has the same structure as the upper antenna array and comprises a fifth magnetic antenna, a sixth magnetic antenna, a seventh magnetic antenna and an eighth magnetic antenna, wherein the fifth magnetic antenna is parallel to the first magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna is parallel to the second magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna is parallel to the third magnetic antenna, and the eighth magnetic antenna is parallel to the fourth magnetic antenna; slow wave materials are filled among the first magnetic antenna, the second magnetic antenna, the third magnetic antenna, the fourth magnetic antenna, the fifth magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna and the eighth magnetic antenna;
according to the directional filtering characteristics of the magnetic antennas, the filtering characteristics of the filling material and the difference of the output waveform strength and the spectrum strength of each magnetic antenna, the incoming wave direction of the ultra-low frequency signal is determined, incoming wave signals collected by an upper magnetic antenna and a lower magnetic antenna close to the incoming wave are determined to be credible samples, and the obtained samples are processed through filtering and noise cancellation to obtain the ultra-low frequency signal.
2. The magnetic antenna device for underwater ultralow frequency signal reception according to claim 1, wherein the first magnetic antenna, the second magnetic antenna, the third magnetic antenna, the fourth magnetic antenna, the fifth magnetic antenna, the sixth magnetic antenna, the seventh magnetic antenna and the eighth magnetic antenna are all inductive magnetic field sensors.
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| CN114664071B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-03-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Underwater vehicle remote control system and method based on magnetic sensor |
| CN116260529A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-06-13 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Cross-seawater medium high-speed information transmission device |
Citations (2)
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| JPH02121000A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-08 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method for measuring physical characteristics of underwater rotary body |
| CN104993838A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-21 | 北京圣非凡电子系统技术开发有限公司 | Low-frequency magnetic antenna zero point receiving system and method |
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| CN203164435U (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-08-28 | 南京丹海电子科技有限公司 | Four rod type length adjustable submarine cable detection antenna array |
| CN102854536B (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2015-09-30 | 南京丹海电子科技有限公司 | Five bar type length of side adjustable type sea cable exploring antenna battle array and detection methods thereof |
| US9331376B2 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2016-05-03 | West Fork Environmental, Inc. | Basal-pivoting underwater RFID antenna assembly |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02121000A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-08 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method for measuring physical characteristics of underwater rotary body |
| CN104993838A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-21 | 北京圣非凡电子系统技术开发有限公司 | Low-frequency magnetic antenna zero point receiving system and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 基于罗兰C的全向磁天线技术研究;崔国恒等;《计算机测量与控制》;20101225;第18卷(第12期);第2821-2823页 * |
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