CN109244163B - Photovoltaic module and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109244163B CN109244163B CN201710975465.2A CN201710975465A CN109244163B CN 109244163 B CN109244163 B CN 109244163B CN 201710975465 A CN201710975465 A CN 201710975465A CN 109244163 B CN109244163 B CN 109244163B
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/044—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including bypass diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
- H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic module and a construction method thereof, wherein the photovoltaic module has definite output current I or output power P, and is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in series, in parallel or in series-parallel, and the photovoltaic cell small pieces are formed by cutting the photovoltaic cell pieces; the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the output current I of the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell; or, the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the output power P of the photovoltaic module, the number of the photovoltaic cell required by the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic module has a wide range of voltage and current output options to meet different applications, and the construction method is convenient to operate, and the constructed photovoltaic module meets the requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar photovoltaics, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic module and a construction method thereof.
Background
The electrical characteristics of a conventional photovoltaic module are determined by the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cells within the overall module. These photovoltaic cells may be connected in series or parallel to form an array of photovoltaic cells. The voltage and current values generated by the photovoltaic module determine the output power (Pmax) of the module. These values depend on the number of photovoltaic cells that make up the entire assembly circuit, as well as on the electrical and optical losses present in the assembly itself.
The requirements of the photovoltaic system on the photovoltaic module vary depending on the end user application. For example, the photovoltaic system configuration of a photovoltaic power plant is different compared to residential applications. Photovoltaic modules are sometimes specifically designed for these various applications. Requirements such as component size and mounting style may be tailored to a particular application. These requirements of size and mounting mode can be relatively easily adjusted during the design stage of the module, but the flexibility of the electrical characteristics, in particular the output current of the photovoltaic module, is limited, without a wide selection range.
In conventional photovoltaic modules, the short circuit current (Isc) of the module is almost equivalent to that of the cell sheet, typically 8-9 (a), the main determinant of this characteristic being the total surface area of the individual photovoltaic cells. The circuit design of the photovoltaic module allows higher output currents to be obtained by connecting multiple photovoltaic cells in parallel, but the photovoltaic module output current cannot be reduced to a level significantly below the cell short-circuit current. Due to this limitation, the photovoltaic module has limited options for customization. Unless there is a mating transformer or inverter, the photovoltaic module cannot be integrated directly into a system or load requiring lower operating current. In addition, photovoltaic systems or components that operate at higher currents can suffer higher resistive losses, thus reducing the efficiency of the overall system or component.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a photovoltaic module and a construction method thereof, wherein the photovoltaic module has a wide range of voltage and current output options to meet different applications.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The photovoltaic module is provided with a determined output current I or output power P, and consists of a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces which are cut by the photovoltaic cell pieces in series, parallel or series-parallel connection;
The effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the output current I of the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell; or, the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the output power P of the photovoltaic module, the number of the photovoltaic cell required by the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell.
The photovoltaic module disclosed by the invention consists of a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces, has a wide range of voltage and current output options to meet different applications, and the output current I or the output power P of the photovoltaic module is determined firstly, so that the final photovoltaic module consisting of the plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces meets the requirements.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the following improvement can be made:
As a preferred option, the effective surface area S of each photovoltaic cell is determined by the following function;
I Sheet ＝KS；
Wherein K is a proportionality coefficient, the electrical property of the photovoltaic cell piece obtained by cutting the photovoltaic cell piece is determined, I Sheet is the output current of a certain photovoltaic cell piece, and I Sheet is determined by one factor of the output current I and the output power P of the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the output current I and the output power P with the photovoltaic cell piece.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the invention takes the theory that the output voltage U is unchanged after the surface area of the same photovoltaic cell is changed, the output current I, the output power P and the surface area are in direct proportion, and the output voltages U of different photovoltaic cells can be the same or different.
As a preferable scheme, when the output current of the photovoltaic module is determined to be I, and the connection relationship of the photovoltaic cell chips constituting the photovoltaic module is series connection,
I＝I Sheet ；
Wherein I Sheet is the output current of each photovoltaic cell die; the effective surface area S of each photovoltaic cell is determined by the function I Sheet = KS, K being the scaling factor, and by the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell from which the photovoltaic cell is obtained by cutting.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the constructed photovoltaic module meets the requirements better.
As a preferable scheme, when the output current of the photovoltaic component is I and the photovoltaic component is formed by connecting at least two photovoltaic battery small pieces in series and connecting the photovoltaic battery small pieces in parallel,
I＝I String 1+I String 2+...+I String n；
Wherein I String 1、I String 2、...、I String n is the output current of each corresponding photovoltaic cell string, and the output current of each photovoltaic cell string is the same as the output current of the photovoltaic cell dice constituting the photovoltaic cell string; the effective surface area S of a photovoltaic cell patch in each photovoltaic cell string is determined by the function I String n = KS, K is the scaling factor of the photovoltaic cell patch, and is determined by the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell patch from which the photovoltaic cell patch was obtained by dicing.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the constructed photovoltaic module meets the requirements better.
As a preferred solution, when the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module has the following relationship with the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut:
I≤I Battery piece ；
the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in series, in parallel or in series-parallel connection, and the total output current of the plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces after being connected is equal to I.
By adopting the preferable scheme, when the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module is not larger than the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut, the photovoltaic module can be constructed by adopting a plurality of construction modes of series connection, parallel connection or series-parallel connection.
As a preferred solution, when the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module has the following relationship with the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut:
I＞I Battery piece ；
the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in parallel or in series-parallel connection, and the total output current of the plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces after being connected is equal to I.
By adopting the preferable scheme, when the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module is larger than the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut, the photovoltaic module can be constructed in a parallel or serial-parallel construction mode, and the construction of the photovoltaic module cannot be realized in a simple serial mode.
As a preferred scheme, the photovoltaic module comprises at least one photovoltaic working unit, when a plurality of photovoltaic working units exist, the plurality of photovoltaic working units are connected in series, and each photovoltaic working unit is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in series, in parallel or in series-parallel;
Each photovoltaic working unit is connected with a bypass circuit in parallel, the bypass circuit comprises at least one bypass diode, the anode of the bypass diode is connected with the cathode of the photovoltaic module, and the cathode of the bypass diode is connected with the anode of the photovoltaic module.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the bypass circuit can improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module, so that each photovoltaic working unit independently operates under the condition of shielding, and the probability of hot spot faults and photovoltaic cell junction breakdown faults is greatly reduced.
A construction method of a photovoltaic module is used for constructing the photovoltaic module, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Separating the whole photovoltaic cell into a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces, which comprises the following steps of;
1.1 Determining a target output current I or output power P requirement of the photovoltaic module;
1.2 Measuring the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, determining the required effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell according to the optical characteristics and the target output current I or output power P, wherein the required effective surface area S of each photovoltaic cell is determined by a function I Sheet =KS, K is a proportionality coefficient, and the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell obtained by cutting the photovoltaic cell are determined;
1.3 Determining a cut boundary of the photovoltaic cell dice based on the effective surface area S;
1.4 Separating the whole photovoltaic cell piece into a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces according to the cutting boundary;
2) And connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell chips in series, parallel or series-parallel connection to form a photovoltaic module, wherein the output current or output power of the photovoltaic module is the same as the target output current I or output power P.
The photovoltaic module constructed by the construction method of the photovoltaic module can realize output options of voltage and current in a wide range so as to meet different application requirements.
Preferably, step 1.2) further comprises the following: and measuring and analyzing the size attribute of the photovoltaic cell, the quality of the photovoltaic cell and the electrical property of the photovoltaic cell, analyzing and compensating the defect of the photovoltaic cell, and compensating the defect by adjusting the value of the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the accuracy of the output current I or the output power P of the final photovoltaic module can be effectively improved.
Preferably, step 1.3) further comprises the following: the cut boundaries of the photovoltaic cells are determined based on the surface area required to cover between the photovoltaic cells when the photovoltaic module is constructed.
With the above preferred solution, the photovoltaic cells can be connected by means of interconnects or by means of overlapping, so that in order to ensure the output current I or the output power P of the resulting photovoltaic module, it is necessary to determine the surface area required for coverage between the photovoltaic cells.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a top view of an example of a circuit schematic of a photovoltaic module composed of a photovoltaic cell divided into four quadrants;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an example of the manner of construction of the photovoltaic module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a top view of an example of a circular photovoltaic cell;
FIG. 4 shows a bottom plan view of an example of a circular photovoltaic cell shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 shows a top view of an example of an approximately square photovoltaic cell cut from a circular cell;
FIG. 6 shows a bottom plan view of an example of an approximately square photovoltaic cell cut from the circular cell shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows a top view of an example of the circular photovoltaic cell of FIG. 3 divided into 3 photovoltaic cells;
FIG. 8 shows a bottom plan view of an example of the singulated photovoltaic cell of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 shows a top view of an example of the approximately square photovoltaic cell of fig. 5 divided into 5 photovoltaic cell pieces;
FIG. 10 shows a bottom plan view of an example of the singulated photovoltaic cell of FIG. 9;
FIGS. 11 (A) - (E) show top views of various examples of interconnects;
FIG. 12 shows a top view of an example of the photovoltaic cells of FIG. 7 conductively connected to each other by an interconnect strip;
FIG. 13 shows a top view of the photovoltaic cells of FIG. 7 conductively connected to one another in a partially overlapping manner;
fig. 14 shows a top view of an example of the photovoltaic cells of fig. 9 conductively connected to each other by an interconnect bar;
fig. 15 shows a top view of the photovoltaic cells of fig. 9 in conductive connection with each other in a partially overlapping manner;
FIGS. 16 (A) - (D) are top views showing examples of electrically conductive connection of a plurality of interconnects to a battery plate;
fig. 17 (a) - (B) show top views of examples of battery strings constructed with reference to fig. 13 and 16 (a) - (D);
fig. 18 (a) - (B) are top views showing examples of forming a cell string array from the cell strings in fig. 17 (a) - (B);
FIG. 19 shows a side view of an example of a packaged battery string array;
FIG. 20 shows a top view of an example of a packaged, customized photovoltaic module with 4 bypass quadrants attached with two junction boxes and two diode boxes;
Fig. 21 shows a top view of one example of a larger assembly formed by two of the photovoltaic assemblies shown in fig. 20 connected in series.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Certain terminology may also be used in the following description for reference purposes only and is therefore not intended to be limiting. For example, terms such as "top," "bottom," "upper," "lower," "above," "below," and the like refer to a consistent direction of the interior of a drawing sheet being referred to. Terms such as front, rear, side, etc. may describe the orientation and/or location of components within a consistent but arbitrary frame of reference which may be made clear by reference to the text and drawings associated with the description of the components. Such terminology may include the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, or words of similar import.
"Photovoltaic" -photovoltaic may refer to a semiconductor material having a photovoltaic effect that converts light energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules may also be referred to as photovoltaic cells and solar modules.
"Photovoltaic cell" -photovoltaic cell may refer to a semiconductor material having a photovoltaic effect that converts light energy into electrical energy.
A "photovoltaic module" -a photovoltaic module may be a module that is packaged from interconnected cells to produce electricity that is too energetic, and may also be referred to as a solar module.
"String of photovoltaic cells" -a string of photovoltaic cells may refer to two or more photovoltaic electrical grounds connected in a chain or string in series.
"Photovoltaic cell string array may refer to two or more photovoltaic cell strings connected in a photovoltaic module.
An "interconnect" -interconnect may refer to a fully or partially conductive component used to connect and conduct an electrical connection in a photovoltaic module circuit. The term interconnect in the present invention refers to a component that is connected in a string of photovoltaic cells, as shown in fig. 11 (a) - (E).
"Bus bar" -bus bar may refer to a conductive bar used in a photovoltaic module. The bus bars used on the photovoltaic cells are referred to as photovoltaic cell bus bars, and the bus bars used to conduct the photovoltaic cell connections into the photovoltaic cell strings to form the photovoltaic cell string matrix are referred to as inter-circuit bus bars.
Fig. 1 shows one example of a circuit schematic of a customized photovoltaic module 800 formed from a plurality of photovoltaic cells 500 conductively connected by conductive electrodes 600 and then separated into 4 quadrants 801, 802, 803, 804 by circuit connection for bypass operation. The invention provides a method for constructing an actual photovoltaic module based on schematic illustration examples.
FIG. 2 depicts one example of a process flow diagram of a method of constructing a customized photovoltaic module of the present invention. The tasks performed in fig. 2 may be performed by manual human intervention, by a stand-alone device, by a fully automated device, or by any combination thereof. For illustrative purposes, the description referred to in fig. 2 may refer to the examples shown in fig. 3-21.
The photovoltaic module is provided with a determined output current I or output power P, and consists of a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces which are cut by the photovoltaic cell pieces in series, parallel or series-parallel connection; the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the output current I of the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell; or, the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the output power P of the photovoltaic module, the number of the photovoltaic cell required by the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell.
The serial-parallel connection has the following meaning: the photovoltaic cell chips after being connected in series can be connected in parallel, or the photovoltaic cell chips after being connected in parallel are connected in series, or any number of photovoltaic cell chips are connected in series in multiple stages.
The effective surface area S of each photovoltaic cell patch is determined by the following function;
I Sheet ＝KS；
Wherein K is a proportionality coefficient, the electrical property of the photovoltaic cell piece obtained by cutting the photovoltaic cell piece is determined, I Sheet is the output current of a certain photovoltaic cell piece, and I Sheet is determined by one factor of the output current I and the output power P of the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the output current I and the output power P with the photovoltaic cell piece.
The invention takes the theory that after the surface area of the same photovoltaic cell is changed, the output voltage U is unchanged, the output current I, the output power P and the surface area are in direct proportion as the theoretical basis, and the output voltages U of different photovoltaic cells can be the same or different.
When the output current of the photovoltaic module is determined to be I, and the connection relationship of the photovoltaic cell chips forming the photovoltaic module is series connection,
I＝I Sheet ；
Wherein I Sheet is the output current of each photovoltaic cell die; the effective surface area of each photovoltaic cell is determined by the function I Sheet = KS, K being the scaling factor, and by the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell from which the photovoltaic cell is obtained by cutting.
When the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting n photovoltaic cell small pieces in series, the output power P= (U Sheet 1+U Sheet 2+...+U Sheet n) I is as follows: u Sheet 1、U Sheet 2、...、U Sheet n is the output voltage from the 1 st to nth photovoltaic cell dice; i is the output current after series connection. Notably, the photovoltaic cells cut from the same piece of photovoltaic cells have the same output voltage.
When the output current of the photovoltaic module is I, and the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting photovoltaic cells formed by connecting at least two photovoltaic cell chips in series,
I＝I String 1+I String 2+...+I String n；
Wherein I String 1、I String 2、...、I String n is the output current of each corresponding photovoltaic cell string, and the output current of each photovoltaic cell string is the same as the output current of the photovoltaic cell dice constituting the photovoltaic cell string; the effective surface area S of a photovoltaic cell patch in each photovoltaic cell string is determined by the function I String n = KS, K is the scaling factor of the photovoltaic cell patch, and is determined by the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell patch from which the photovoltaic cell patch was obtained by dicing.
When the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting at least two photovoltaic cell chips in series and connecting the photovoltaic cells in series, the output power P=U (I String 1+I String 2+...+I String n) of the photovoltaic module is that: u is the output voltage after parallel connection; i String 1、I String 2、...、I String n is the output current from the 1 st to nth string of photovoltaic cells.
The output power of the photovoltaic module in the series-parallel connection mode is the sum of the output power of a plurality of series-parallel photovoltaic cell chips.
When the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module has the following relation with the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut:
I≤I Battery piece ；
The photovoltaic module is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in series, in parallel or in series-parallel connection.
When the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module has the following relation with the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut:
I＞I Battery piece ；
The photovoltaic module is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in parallel or in series-parallel.
When the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module is larger than the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut, the photovoltaic module can be constructed in a parallel or serial-parallel construction mode, and at the moment, the construction of the photovoltaic module cannot be realized in a simple serial mode.
A construction method of a photovoltaic module is used for constructing the photovoltaic module, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Separating the whole photovoltaic cell into a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces, which comprises the following steps of;
1.1 Determining a target output current I or output power P requirement of the photovoltaic module;
1.2 Measuring the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, determining the effective surface area required by the photovoltaic cell according to the optical characteristics and the target output current I or output power P, wherein the effective surface area S required by each photovoltaic cell is determined by a function I Sheet =KS, K is a proportionality coefficient, and the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell obtained by cutting the photovoltaic cell are determined;
1.3 Determining a cut boundary of the photovoltaic cell dice based on the effective surface area S;
1.4 Separating the whole photovoltaic cell piece into a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces according to the cutting boundary;
2) And connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell chips in series, parallel or series-parallel connection to form a photovoltaic module, wherein the output current or output power of the photovoltaic module is the same as the target output current I or output power P.
The invention takes the theory that after the surface area of the same photovoltaic cell is changed, the output voltage U is unchanged, the output current I, the output power P and the surface area are in direct proportion as the theoretical basis, and the output voltages U of different photovoltaic cells can be the same or different.
In step 1.2), the electrical characteristics refer to the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, efficiency vs. surface area=power=current vs. voltage (constant voltage) so that surface area=current vs. voltage (constant voltage)/efficiency, the variables being current and efficiency (i.e. electrical characteristics).
The photovoltaic module disclosed by the application consists of a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces, has a wide range of voltage and current output options to meet different applications, and the output current I or the output power P of the photovoltaic module is determined firstly, so that the final photovoltaic module consisting of the plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces has more satisfactory output current I or output power P and more stable performance. Compared with the prior art that the photovoltaic module has a limited shape, the application is not limited to a certain shape, and the photovoltaic cell is determined by the effective surface area, so that various irregular photovoltaic cells can be utilized to the maximum extent, such as: circular photovoltaic cells, diamond shaped cells, etc., which are more cost effective.
In order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in other embodiments, the remaining feature technologies are the same, except that the method step 1.2) of constructing a photovoltaic module further includes the following: and measuring and analyzing the size attribute of the photovoltaic cell, the quality of the photovoltaic cell and the electrical property of the photovoltaic cell, and analyzing and compensating the defects of the photovoltaic cell.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the accuracy of the output current I or the output power P of the final photovoltaic module can be effectively improved. Compensating defects are for example: the surface area of the photovoltaic cell is provided with silver grid lines, the corresponding area occupied by the silver grid lines needs to be compensated, or the surface area of the photovoltaic cell is provided with production defects, and the corresponding area needs to be compensated and increased to keep the current value.
In order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in other embodiments, the remaining feature technologies are the same, except that the method step 1.3) of constructing a photovoltaic module further includes the following: the cut boundaries of the photovoltaic cells are determined based on the surface area required to cover between the photovoltaic cells when the photovoltaic module is constructed.
With the above preferred solution, the photovoltaic cells can be connected by means of interconnects or by means of overlapping, so that in order to ensure the output current I or the output power P of the resulting photovoltaic module, it is necessary to determine the surface area required for coverage between the photovoltaic cells.
To further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in other embodiments, the remaining feature techniques are the same, except that, as shown in fig. 19 and 20, a photovoltaic module includes: the photovoltaic cell array comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cell strings distributed in a matrix, wherein adjacent photovoltaic cell strings are connected in a conductive manner by adopting an interconnection piece, and each photovoltaic cell string comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces connected in a conductive manner through the interconnection piece or overlapping; the positive pole of photovoltaic module is connected with the negative pole of diode, and photovoltaic module's negative pole is connected with the positive pole of diode, and photovoltaic module is connected with the terminal box.
The photovoltaic cell string array is divided into four quadrants, two photovoltaic cell strings which are mutually electrically connected are arranged in each quadrant, and the photovoltaic cell strings of each quadrant are connected with one diode.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for constructing a photovoltaic module, which is used for constructing a photovoltaic module, specifically includes the following steps:
300 Fixing the photovoltaic cell;
301 Separating the whole photovoltaic cell into a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces (the specific steps are the same as step 1.1) -step 1.4));
302 A plurality of photovoltaic cell dice are conductively connected by interconnects or overlaps to form a string of photovoltaic cells;
303 A plurality of photovoltaic cell strings are conductively connected through the interconnection to form a photovoltaic cell string array;
304 Placing the constructed photovoltaic cell string array between the front protective layer and the rear protective layer, and carrying out lamination packaging on the photovoltaic cell string array to form a photovoltaic module;
305 A diode and a junction box are mounted on the photovoltaic module.
The photovoltaic module constructed by the construction method of the photovoltaic module can realize output options of voltage and current in a wide range so as to meet different application requirements.
The dimensional properties of the photovoltaic cell are measured and analyzed by a two-dimensional surface area measurement method and a film thickness analysis method of the front surface and/or the rear surface;
The quality of the photovoltaic cell is analyzed by an electroluminescence method and/or a photoluminescence method and/or an X-ray analysis method and/or a hot spot analysis method;
the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell were measured by a current-voltage tester.
The boundary of the region of interest of the photovoltaic cell is physically separated by a diamond saw cutting separation process or a wire saw cutting separation process or a laser scribing separation process.
In step 1), the photovoltaic cells are separated into small pieces having the same surface area or having different surface areas, the photovoltaic cells being separated according to the desired shape.
Each photovoltaic cell string or each photovoltaic cell string array or photovoltaic module is connected to a bypass circuit comprising at least one bypass diode.
The separate part of the bypass circuit may also improve the reliability of the assembly in case of occlusion.
The photovoltaic module constructed by the construction method of the photovoltaic module can realize output options of voltage and current in a wide range so as to meet different application requirements.
Fig. 3 shows a top view of an example of a circular bifacial photovoltaic cell. The circular cell 100 is fabricated from a circular wafer sliced from a cylindrical silicon ingot. The circular photovoltaic cell comprises a front busbar 101, thin grid lines 103 and front contact pads 105 disposed on the silicon-based top surface.
Fig. 4 shows a bottom plan view of an example of a circular bifacial photovoltaic cell shown in fig. 3. A backside bus bar 102 is shown, along with thin gate lines 103 and front contact pads 106 disposed on the silicon-based bottom surface.
Fig. 5 shows a top view of an example of an approximately square photovoltaic cell. Approximately square photovoltaic cells 200 are cut from cylindrical silicon ingots. The approximately square photovoltaic cell includes front bus bar 201 and thin grid lines 203 disposed on the top surface of the silicon substrate.
Fig. 6 shows a bottom plan view of an example of an approximately square photovoltaic cell shown in fig. 5. A backside bus bar 202 is shown, along with thin gate lines 203 disposed on the silicon-based bottom surface.
Fig. 7 shows a top view of an example of the circular photovoltaic cell of fig. 3 divided into 3 photovoltaic cells. A middle photovoltaic cell tab 110 and two semicircular photovoltaic cell tabs 111 are shown.
FIG. 8 shows a bottom plan view of an example of the singulated photovoltaic cell of FIG. 7; a middle photovoltaic cell tab 120 is shown, as well as two semicircular photovoltaic cell tabs 121.
Fig. 9 shows a top view of an example of the approximately square photovoltaic cell of fig. 5 divided into 5 photovoltaic cell pieces; there are shown 3 rectangular photovoltaic cell tabs 210 and one corner-missing photovoltaic cell tab 211.
FIG. 10 shows a bottom plan view of an example of the singulated photovoltaic cell of FIG. 9; there are shown 3 rectangular photovoltaic cell tabs 220 and two corner-missing photovoltaic cell tabs 221.
In fig. 7-10, the photovoltaic cell can be physically singulated into a plurality of smaller cells using a variety of techniques, such as wire cutting, diamond sawing, and laser cutting, among all examples of singulation techniques that can be used. With these examples of the above methods, careful consideration must be given to the choice of process to ensure the accuracy of the division, the circuit performance and mechanical properties of the photovoltaic cells cannot be affected.
Fig. 11 (a), 11 (B), 11 (C), 11 (D), 11 (E) illustrate top views of multiple examples 400, 401, 402, 403, 404 of interconnects. The variety of interconnect designs may be suitable for different applications within the photovoltaic module.
The interconnect is designed to provide conductive connections within one photovoltaic module not limited to the following scenarios: (1) between photovoltaic cell dice; (2) between strings of photovoltaic cells; (3) between the photovoltaic cell die and the string of photovoltaic cells; (4) connecting with an external circuit.
The interconnect may also be placed at any location of the string of photovoltaic cells to establish a bypass path, which is advantageous when integrating bypass diodes. The interconnect may be conductively connected to the photovoltaic cell die and/or the photovoltaic cell string by a variety of methods including, but not limited to: (1) Partially or completely overlapping, thereby bringing the interconnect into physical contact with the busbar of the photovoltaic cell die; (2) Induction welding, contact welding, infrared welding or hot air welding; (3) Bonding is performed using a solder adhesive or other conductive adhesive.
The interconnects in fig. 11 (a) - (E) may use fully conductive materials, or a partially conductive or non-conductive configuration with a conductive surface. The dimensions of the interconnect are optimized for the photovoltaic cell dimensions of the present invention, but in general the length of the interconnect should cover a percentage of the photovoltaic cell length and the width of the interconnect must be sufficient to allow part of the surface and the photovoltaic cell to overlap. The interconnects are also sized to provide reliable conductive connections. The interconnect may have rectangular components and have one interconnect point. For example, the interconnect point is a protruding point for providing a contact surface for soldering or other bonding techniques.
Considerations in determining the dimensions and material selection of the interconnects may include: 1) The interconnect does not significantly degrade the performance of the photovoltaic module. Alternatively, the interconnect should be able to conduct electrical energy from the photovoltaic cell with minimal electrical losses, minimizing the efficiency impact on the overall photovoltaic assembly. 2) The use of interconnects on the photovoltaic module should not affect the reliability of the photovoltaic module in the present state.
Fig. 13 shows a top view of an example of the photovoltaic cell dice of fig. 7 forming a string of photovoltaic cells in a partially overlapping manner; three intermediate cells 110 and two semicircular cells 111 are shown connected in series conduction. The photovoltaic cells are conductively connected by partially overlapping two or more photovoltaic cells such that the back buss bar of one photovoltaic cell is in direct contact with the front buss bar of another photovoltaic cell. The overlapped connection mode saves more space and has higher efficiency.
Fig. 14 shows a top view of an example of the photovoltaic cell dice of fig. 9 conductively connected to each other by an interconnect bar; a series electrically conductive connection of 5 rectangular photovoltaic cell dice 210 is shown. These photovoltaic cells are conductively connected by physical contact of the interconnect bar 400 with the front bus bar 201 of one photovoltaic cell and by connecting the other end of the interconnect bar with the rear bus bar of the other photovoltaic cell.
FIG. 15 shows a top view of an example of the photovoltaic cell of FIG. 9 forming a string of photovoltaic cells in a partially overlapping manner; five chamfered photovoltaic cell dice 211 are shown connected in series. The photovoltaic cells are conductively connected by partially overlapping two or more photovoltaic cells such that the back buss bar of one photovoltaic cell is in direct contact with the front buss bar of another photovoltaic cell.
The number of cells interconnected to form a cell string can be tailored based on system end requirements and photovoltaic module designer requirements. The method of electrically connecting photovoltaic cells is affected by the available technology and the capabilities of the device.
Fig. 16 (a) - (D) show top views of examples of multiple interconnects conductively connected to a photovoltaic cell die. Fig. 16 (a) shows an example of an interconnect 404 circuit connected to one semicircular photovoltaic cell die 111 by physically contacting the front contact pad 105. In another example, fig. 16 (B) shows one interconnect 403 conductively connected to two adjacent intermediate photovoltaic cells 110 by physically contacting the front buss bar 101 of one photovoltaic cell and the back buss bar 102 of the other photovoltaic cell. In yet another example, fig. 16 (C) shows one interconnect 402 conductively connected to the intermediate photovoltaic cell die 110. This same interconnect 402 also conductively connects rectangular photovoltaic cell die 210 and chamfer photovoltaic cell die 211 by directly contacting front bus bar 201, as shown in fig. 16 (D).
The conductive connection in fig. 16 (a) - (D) may be achieved in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to: (1) Partially or completely overlapping, thereby bringing the interconnect into physical contact with the busbar of the photovoltaic cell die; (2) Induction welding, contact welding, infrared welding or hot air welding; (3) Bonding is performed using a solder adhesive or other conductive adhesive.
Fig. 17 (a) shows a top view of an example of the battery string constructed with reference to fig. 13 and fig. 16 (a) - (D). 10 intermediate photovoltaic cell dice 110 are shown in series conductive connection, interconnect 401 is conductively connected to the first photovoltaic cell die of the cell string, interconnect 402 is conductively connected to the last photovoltaic cell die of the cell string, and interconnect 403 is conductively connected to the fifth and sixth photovoltaic cell die of the cell string. In another example, fig. 17 (B) shows 8 intermediate photovoltaic cell dice 110 connected in series and two semicircular photovoltaic cell dice 111 placed at both ends of the cell string. Two interconnects 404 are shown conductively connected to the semicircular photovoltaic cell die and interconnects 403 are shown conductively connected to the fifth and sixth photovoltaic cell die of the cell string.
Fig. 18 (a) and 18 (B) show top views of examples of the photovoltaic cell string array 902 formed by the cell string connection in fig. 17 (a) and 17 (B). Two strings of photovoltaic cells 910, 911 are shown conductively connected to each other in a parallel circuit configuration. Two further strings 912, 913 of photovoltaic cells are also shown, electrically connected to each other in a parallel circuit configuration. The battery strings 910, 911 are then connected in series to the battery strings 912, 913 by the inter-string bus bar 906. Interconnects 401, 402, 403, 404 at both ends and at the middle cell to establish external circuit connections are shown.
Fig. 19 shows a side view of an example of a packaged photovoltaic cell string array. A string array 902 of photovoltaic cells is shown encapsulated in an encapsulant 901 and front and back protective layers. The front and back protective layers may be made of materials including, but not limited to, glass, polymer or resin-based materials, or any combination thereof.
Fig. 20 shows a top view of an example of a packaged, customized photovoltaic module with 4 bypass quadrants with two junction boxes and two diode boxes attached. A customized one photovoltaic module 800 is shown encapsulated between two sheets of glass 900 by an encapsulant 901. Also shown are a negative terminal block 903, a positive terminal block 904 and two diode blocks 905. The photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic cell string array 902 having 4 photovoltaic cell strings formed from a plurality of photovoltaic cell dice 110, 111 electrically connected by interconnects 403, 403 and inter-circuit buss bars 906.
To further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in other embodiments, the remaining feature techniques are the same, except that the photovoltaic module includes at least one photovoltaic work unit, when there are a plurality of photovoltaic work units, the plurality of photovoltaic work units are connected in series, each photovoltaic work unit is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cell dice connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel;
Each photovoltaic working unit is connected with a bypass circuit in parallel, the bypass circuit comprises at least one bypass diode, the anode of the bypass diode is connected with the cathode of the photovoltaic module, and the cathode of the bypass diode is connected with the anode of the photovoltaic module.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the bypass circuit can improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module, so that each photovoltaic working unit independently operates under the condition of shielding, and the probability of hot spot faults and photovoltaic cell junction breakdown faults is greatly reduced.
The customisation component in fig. 20 is according to the schematic example in fig. 1 designed such that the circuit is divided into 4 quadrants 801, 802, 803, 804 for bypass operation, each quadrant representing a photovoltaic work unit. These quadrants behave like independent circuits in case of occlusion. By introducing an interconnect 403 in the middle of the string of photovoltaic cells, it not only allows for a series connection between the quadrants during normal operation, but in case of shading it also provides an easy contact point for directing current from the string of photovoltaic cells for bypass operation.
In photovoltaic module design, bypass diodes are typically used to protect the photovoltaic cells from node breakdown and local hot spot failure due to reverse voltages generated by local shadowing. In the example of fig. 20, each quadrant 801, 802, 803, 804 is designed with a bypass circuit connected to four diodes. These bypass diodes are integrated into the negative terminal block 903, the positive terminal block 904 and the two diode blocks 905.
In the photovoltaic module design of the present invention, the number of photovoltaic cells dice connected in series to form a photovoltaic cell string, the number of photovoltaic cell strings and interconnections connected in parallel to form a photovoltaic cell string array, the number of junction boxes, diode boxes, and bypass circuits are not limited to the example in fig. 20. These components that make up the entire photovoltaic module circuit can be further customized and optimized according to design requirements.
In the example of fig. 20, one interconnect is provided for every 5 series-connected photovoltaic cell dice to construct the bypass path. This configuration can be further improved and tailored to increase reliability and hot spot tolerance. Designers can also improve component performance by sacrificing reliability. For example, if a designer designs a circuit such that one bypass is common to every 40 photovoltaic cells, this would provide advantages for process, cost and assembly efficiency. However, it is disadvantageous that photovoltaic modules are now more prone to failure due to localized hot spots and/or node breakdown. On the other hand, when each photovoltaic cell die in a photovoltaic module builds a bypass path, this arrangement will provide good conditions for reliability, but will significantly impact module efficiency, increasing cost and process complexity.
To ensure that a balance of component performance and reliability is achieved, a bypass circuit must be built for about every 20 photovoltaic cell dice connected in series. However, for customization options, the designer may choose to reduce this number to every 1 cell, or to increase the maximum number of photovoltaic cells in series to any number.
Fig. 21 shows a top view of an example of a series connection of components of fig. 20 conducted into a larger component. Two photovoltaic cell string matrices 902 are shown connected in series to form a single large assembly. The assembly uses a larger top and bottom protective layer 900. Also shown are a negative terminal block 903, a positive terminal block 904, and 6 diode blocks 905.
In normal operation, this larger assembly operates at its best performance, similar to any conventional assembly, but with shielding, the built-in bypass circuit network operates at its best to ensure that energy production is not severely impacted. This is because the larger photovoltaic module in fig. 21 has been configured as 8 separate sections, each with its own bypass circuit. For example, in the case of a battery slice in which one leaf obscures a portion, the affected portion is bypassed and the assembly yields approximately eighty-five percent of rated power. In the event of a large obstruction, for example due to a lamppost, the affected area will be bypassed and the assembly will still be able to generate electricity.
In addition to having improved power generation functionality, the separate portion of the bypass circuit itself may also improve the reliability of the assembly in the presence of shielding. Since each part operates independently, the probability of hot spot failure and breakdown failure of the photovoltaic cell junction can be greatly reduced.
With these customization options in the design of the present invention, the way for a designer to determine the circuit performance of a photovoltaic module based on the design requirements of the application is paved. The designer may also have an option that may be tradeoffs between reliability and performance.
In order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in other embodiments, the other feature techniques are the same, except that a clamping protrusion and/or a clamping groove is provided at the connection end of the interconnection element, a groove or protrusion matching the clamping protrusion and/or the clamping groove is provided at a corresponding position of the photovoltaic cell, and the thickness of the interconnection element gradually decreases from the connection ends at both ends to the middle area.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the structure of the clamping protrusion and/or the clamping groove is adopted, so that the connection is firmer, and the thickness of the interconnecting piece is gradually reduced from the connecting ends at the two ends to the middle area, so that the mechanical strength of the interconnecting piece is good.
To further optimize the implementation of the present invention, in other embodiments, the remaining feature techniques are the same, except that the package assembly includes: the packaging structure comprises a front protective layer, a rear protective layer and packaging materials filled between the front protective layer and the rear protective layer, wherein a plurality of protrusions and/or grooves which are distributed at intervals are arranged on the packaging surface of the front protective layer and/or the rear protective layer.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the packaging effect is better.
In order to further optimize the implementation effect of the invention, in other embodiments, the other features are the same, except that the photovoltaic module is provided with a plurality of obliquely arranged mirror surfaces for reflecting light on the surface of the cell, and the surfaces of the mirror surfaces are reflecting surfaces with a plurality of different angles;
preferably, the inclination angle of the mirror surface is adjustable;
Preferably, the lower part of the mirror surface is connected with the photovoltaic module through an elastic piece.
By adopting the preferred embodiment, illumination can be effectively reflected on the surface of the battery piece, and the efficiency of the assembly is increased.
While the above written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to use what is presently considered to be the best mode, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of specific embodiments, methods, example variations, combinations, and equivalents. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, methods and examples described above, but includes all examples and methods within the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method of a photovoltaic module is characterized by being used for constructing the photovoltaic module,
The photovoltaic component is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in series, in parallel or in series-parallel connection, and the photovoltaic cell small pieces are formed by cutting the photovoltaic cell pieces;
The effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the output current I of the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell; or the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell small pieces is determined by the output power P of the photovoltaic module, the number of the photovoltaic cell small pieces required by the photovoltaic module and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell small pieces;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Separating the whole photovoltaic cell into a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces, which comprises the following steps of;
1.1 Determining a target output current I or output power P requirement of the photovoltaic module;
1.2 Measuring the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, determining the effective surface area S required by the photovoltaic cell according to the electrical characteristics and the target output current I or output power P, wherein the effective surface area S required by each photovoltaic cell is determined by a function I Sheet =KS, K is a proportionality coefficient, the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell obtained by cutting the photovoltaic cell are determined, I Sheet is the output current of a certain photovoltaic cell, and I Sheet is determined by one factor of the output current I and the output power P of the photovoltaic component and the connection relation of the photovoltaic cell;
1.3 Determining a cut boundary of the photovoltaic cell dice based on the effective surface area S;
1.4 Separating the whole photovoltaic cell piece into a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces according to the cutting boundary;
2) And connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell chips in series, parallel or series-parallel connection to form a photovoltaic module, wherein the output current or output power of the photovoltaic module is the same as the target output current I or output power P.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when it is determined that the output current of the photovoltaic module is I and the connection relationship of the photovoltaic cell dice constituting the photovoltaic module is series connection,
I＝I Sheet ；
Wherein I Sheet is the output current of each of the photovoltaic cell dice; the effective surface area S of each photovoltaic cell is determined by the function I Sheet = KS, K being the scaling factor, and by the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell from which it is obtained by cutting.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when it is determined that the output current of the photovoltaic module is I and the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting at least two photovoltaic cells connected in series,
I＝I String 1+I String 2+…+I String n；
Wherein I String 1、I String 2、…、I String n is the output current of each corresponding photovoltaic cell string, and the output current of each photovoltaic cell string is the same as the output current of the photovoltaic cell dice constituting the photovoltaic cell string; the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell pieces in each photovoltaic cell string is determined by a function I String n = KS, K is the scaling factor of the photovoltaic cell pieces, and is determined by the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic cell pieces from which the photovoltaic cell pieces were obtained by cutting.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein when the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module has the following relationship with the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut:
I≤I Battery piece ；
the photovoltaic component is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in series, parallel or series-parallel connection, and the total output current of the plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces after being connected is equal to I.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein when the determined output current I of the photovoltaic module has the following relationship with the output current I Battery piece of the photovoltaic cell to be cut:
I＞I Battery piece ；
the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces in parallel or in series-parallel connection, and the total output current of the plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces after being connected is equal to I.
6. The method of constructing a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises at least one photovoltaic work unit, and when there are a plurality of the photovoltaic work units, the plurality of the photovoltaic work units are connected in series, each of the photovoltaic work units is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cell small pieces connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel;
Each photovoltaic working unit is connected with a bypass circuit in parallel, the bypass circuit comprises at least one bypass diode, the anode of the bypass diode is connected with the cathode of the photovoltaic module, and the cathode of the bypass diode is connected with the anode of the photovoltaic module.
7. The method of constructing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the step 1.2) further comprises: and measuring and analyzing the dimensional attribute of the photovoltaic cell, the quality of the photovoltaic cell and the electrical property of the photovoltaic cell, analyzing and compensating the defect of the photovoltaic cell, and compensating the defect by adjusting the value of the effective surface area S of the photovoltaic cell.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step 1.3) further comprises the steps of: the cut boundaries of the photovoltaic cells are determined based on the surface area required to cover between the photovoltaic cells when the photovoltaic module is constructed.
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| CN110459634A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-15 | 阿特斯阳光电力集团有限公司 | Photovoltaic module and its manufacturing method |
| CN109065652A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-21 | 深圳市迪晟能源技术有限公司 | A kind of solar cell encapsulation method |
| CN115377244A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-22 | 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic module and size determining method thereof, whole solar cell or silicon wafer and size determining method thereof |
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| CN203339197U (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-12-11 | 晶科能源有限公司 | Photovoltaic module |
| CN104782016A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-07-15 | 世界太阳能面板公司 | A directly coupled power-conditioned solar charger |
| CN206099880U (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-04-12 | 协鑫集成科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic module |
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| US9496437B2 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-11-15 | Sunpower Corporation | Solar cell having a plurality of sub-cells coupled by a metallization structure |
| FR3024283B1 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-08-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF BIFACIAL CELLS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A MODULE |
| KR102357869B1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2022-01-28 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Organic light emitting display device and lighting apparatus for vehicles using the same |
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| CN104782016A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-07-15 | 世界太阳能面板公司 | A directly coupled power-conditioned solar charger |
| CN203339197U (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-12-11 | 晶科能源有限公司 | Photovoltaic module |
| CN206099880U (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-04-12 | 协鑫集成科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic module |
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| CN109244163A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN207303120U (en) | 2018-05-01 |
| SG10201705346WA (en) | 2019-01-30 |
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