CN109238526B - A kind of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor and pressure field test method - Google Patents
A kind of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor and pressure field test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109238526B CN109238526B CN201811085392.0A CN201811085392A CN109238526B CN 109238526 B CN109238526 B CN 109238526B CN 201811085392 A CN201811085392 A CN 201811085392A CN 109238526 B CN109238526 B CN 109238526B
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor and pressure field test methods.Sensor tube coupling includes the thin-walled circle tube coupling and the more pieces of foil resistance strain gauges pasted along tube coupling inner wall circumferential direction of high strength martensitic stainless steel material；The sensitive grid specification of foil resistance strain gauge is identical, and the sum of length of all sensitive grids is equal to the inner wall perimeter of tube coupling, the length direction of sensitive grid is circumferential parallel with tube coupling, it is successively end to end and axially offset in width direction along tube coupling, continuous 360 degree of closings circumferential strain measurement area is upwardly formed in tube coupling inner wall ring.The present invention can measure cable steel tendon internal pressure field, eliminate " soil arching effect " adverse effect that conventional pressure sensor device is subject in pressure test；In conjunction with pressure test calculation method provided by the invention, the size of confining pressure at measuring point and its distribution situation in all directions can be accurately obtained；Multimetering may be implemented after contacting by flexible connecting member in sensor tube coupling and lead round tube.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pressure test technical fields, are related to the pressure field measurement of solid dielectric, and in particular to a kind of resistance
Strain-type tubular pressure sensor and pressure field test method are suitable for the solids such as bulk solid, cable steel tendon, solid material and are situated between
The test of the internal pressure field of matter.
Background technique
As modern architecture, bridge structure are to functional requirements such as large space, large span, durabilities, used in these structures
The fining research of mechanical performance of the crucial primary structure member such as prestressed cable, main rope of suspension bridge be increasingly taken seriously, draw
Rope or main push-towing rope are locally needing to fasten by cord clip prestressed high-strength bolt pair, thus can generate between its interior parallel steel wire
Huge radial compression effect, the measurement to cable steel wire internal pressure field are the bases that fining research is carried out to this type component
Plinth.It is very few to the research of cable steel wire internal pressure at present, and research is carried out in a manner of numerical simulation, actual measurement research has no
Report, this also reflects the difficulty of actual measurement.Are built to soil-rock mixture, high rock-fill dams by the granular materials such as material for rock-soil mechanics field
The research of material mechanical characteristic is related to the measurement to media interior pressure field.All kinds of foundation engineerings also widespread need to privileged site
Soil pressure tested.
Cable steel tendon causes pre- pile things on because being the properties such as cylindrical body contact between the randomness of its internal arrangement, steel wire
The specific contact position of force sensitive element and steel wire be it is non-deterministic, by investigation, all types of pressure sensor is not at present
The measuring study of its internal pressure field can be applicable in.The soil test in terms of rock-soil mechanics, foundation engineering mainly uses soil pressure at present
Power box carries out pressure measurement, and the measuring principle of soil pressure cell causes its measurement result because of the influence by soil arching effect, obtains
Measured value is less than normal, is detailed in paper " calibration of membrane type soil pressure cell and its application in model test " (" geotechnical engineering journal " 2016
5th phase).
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is used to solve the steel tendon pressure of cable member fining research field in infrastructure construction
Field measurement problem, while pressure sensor provided by the invention has universal and is flexibly applicable in the type of solid dielectric to be measured
Property, solid dielectric to be measured includes and is not limited to soil-rock mixture, storage cereal accumulation body etc. bulk solids, cable steel tendon, continuous
Dielectric solid material.
Realize that the technical solution of the object of the invention is as follows:
A kind of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor, including sensor tube coupling；The sensor tube coupling includes high intensity
The thin-walled circle tube coupling of martensitic stain less steel material and the more pieces of foil resistance strain gauges pasted along tube coupling inner wall circumferential direction；The foil
The sensitive grid specification of formula strain ga(u)ge is identical, and the sum of length of all sensitive grids is equal to the inner wall perimeter of tube coupling, sensitive grid
Length direction and tube coupling it is circumferential parallel, it is successively end to end and axially offset in width direction along tube coupling, in tube coupling inner wall ring
It is upwardly formed continuous 360 degree of closings circumferential strain measurement area.
It further, including more than one sensor tube coupling, further include more than one lead round tube and more than one interpolation
Formula flexible connecting member；The interpolation type flexible connecting member includes the round tube and intermediate flange at both ends, and the outer diameter of round tube is equal to sensing
The internal diameter of device tube coupling or lead round tube, intermediate flange and the outer diameter of sensor tube coupling and lead round tube are equal；Sensor tube coupling
Between or lead round tube between or sensor tube coupling and lead round tube between by interpolation type flexible connecting member series winding be coupled
After penetrate through, the connecting wires of all foil resistance strain gauges is drawn by the continuous cavity penetrated through.
A kind of pressure field test method of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor, including
Sensor tube coupling is placed in position to be measured in solids pressure field；
Acquire the strain measurement value of all foil resistance strain gauges；
The compression average value at measuring point is calculated
Wherein, E is the Young's modulus of elasticity of sensor tube coupling material,It is answered for all foil resistances of sensor tube coupling inner wall
Become the average value of the strain measurement value of meter；N is the sum of all foil resistance strain gauges of sensor tube coupling inner wall, εiIt is i-th piece
The measured value of foil resistance strain gauge, is positive with stretching strain, and compressive strain is negative；K is the sensitivity coefficient of sensor tube coupling, d1For
The overall diameter of sensor tube coupling, d2For the interior diameter of sensor tube coupling；
Using Finite Element, sensor tube coupling is established in confining pressure loadPlane strain model under effect, with reality
The measured value of each azimuth position foil resistance strain gauge is surveyed as objective result, with compression average valueAs
The amount of knowing, adjustmentUntil the numerical result and measured result of model inner wall hoop strain value coincide, at this timeI.e.
For pressure field at measuring point compression along angle distribution results.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are can measure cable steel tendon internal pressure field, eliminate conventional pressure sensor
" soil arching effect " adverse effect that device is subject in pressure test；The measurement mechanics definite principle of sensor, manufacture and calibration
Method is simple, and cost is relatively low, and Measuring origin is few, and sensitivity parameter and range can be needed flexibly to choose and be designed according to measurement；
In conjunction with pressure test calculation method provided by the invention, the size of confining pressure at measuring point and its in all directions can be accurately obtained
Distribution situation；Multimetering may be implemented after contacting by flexible connecting member in sensor tube coupling and lead round tube；Sensor is external
Dynamic stress Acquisition Instrument can be realized the dynamic test of pressure field.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is sensor tube coupling inner wall expanded schematic diagram, shows that the paste position of strain gauge and strain gauge are sensitive in figure
The correlativity of gate length and tube coupling size；
Fig. 2 is sensor tube coupling schematic three dimensional views；
Fig. 3 is interpolation type flexible connecting member schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is compound pressure tube sensor schematic；
In figure:
The expansion of 1- sensor tube coupling inner wall, 2- foil strain gauge substrate, 3- foil strain gauge sensitive grid, 4- interpolation type are flexible
Connector flange, 5- lead round tube, 6- interpolation type flexible connecting member, 7- sensor tube coupling, 8- lead round tube, 9- sensor tube
The solid dielectric of section, 10- strain gauge extraction wire, 11- testing pressure.
Specific embodiment
Pressure sensor provided by the invention is resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor, and principle is: utilizing round tube
Compression size and distribution around its locating medium of the deformation measurement of shape high-strength stainless steel elastomer inner wall, the two is in mechanics
There is consistent corresponding relationship in principle；Deformation is measured by the foil strain gauge that round tube inner wall circumferential direction is pasted.
Sensor is technically characterized in that
Thin-walled circle tube coupling uses high strength martensitic stainless steel material, (such as 17-4PH stainless steel, at 480 DEG C of timeliness
Manage bar part lower yield strength can reach 1180MPa), can in higher equivalent stress intensity pressure field using and it is unlikely make it is thin
Wall circular steel tube coupling generates plastic deformation.
According to the measuring principle of sensor, the compression size of sensor surrounding medium and its along angle direction in order to obtain
Distribution, need to know the hoop strain in the circumferential close ranges of 360 ° of steel pipe joint inner wall at different orientations, therefore in steel pipe
The arrangement of foil resistance strain gauge needs the condition met to have on wall: (1) strain gauge is along the circumferential direction of circular steel tube coupling, i.e. foil
The sensitive grid length direction of formula strain ga(u)ge and the circumferential keeping parallelism relationship of steel pipe joint.(2) each piece of strain gauge is vertical in tube coupling
Front and back is staggered upwards；Their sensitive gate region is end to end on circumferential direction.(3) each piece of strain ga(u)ge is using same size
Sensitive grid zone length, the summation of the sensitive grid zone length of each piece of strain ga(u)ge and the inner wall perimeter of steel pipe joint keep one
It causes, takes this to guarantee to reach when pasting to be upwardly formed the continuous 360 degree effects for closing circumferential strain measurement area in steel pipe joint inner wall ring
Fruit.Theoretically reduce the length dimension of single piece of strain gauge sensitive grid and increases the available compression of quantity of strain gauge along angle
Directional spreding finer is as a result, it is enough for practicing the quantity of upper strain gauge using 8 pieces.
Lead steel round tube and sensor tube coupling are contacted, and strain gauge conducting wire draws from the internal cavities for the perforation that the two forms
Testing pressure medium out forms Wheatstone bridge formula circuit to connect with strain acquirement instrument, has high sensitivity, Ke Yizhun
Really measurement resistance variations.
In order to facilitate sensor installation, interpolation type flexible connecting member string is preferably used between sensor tube coupling and lead round tube
Even, connector should not have an impact the Free Transform in sensor steel joint, and it is soft that aluminium alloy, plastics, rubber etc. can be used thus
Property material manufacture.In order to not influence the original distribution of testing medium stress field, lead round tube outer diameter, connector lip diameter should be with
Sensor tube coupling outer diameter is consistent.
After multiple sensor tube coupling units are by flexible joint, lead round tube series winding, compound pressure tube sensing is constituted
Device can carry out Multipoint synchronous measurement to solid dielectric pressure field to be measured；It, can be to pressure when external dynamic strain Acquisition Instrument
Field carries out dynamic measurement.
The physical quantity that pressure sensor provided by the invention measures first is the circumferential direction that steel pipe joint is generated in pressure effect
Strain, the present invention provide corresponding compression calculation method.The average value of each piece of strain gauge measured value is calculated by formula (2) firstCompression average value at measuring point is calculated in right back-pushed-type (1)The wherein sensitivity coefficient K of pressure sensor tube coupling
It is determined by its geometric dimension, is calculated by formula (3), according to pressure measurement range needs, the several of sensor tube coupling can be adjusted flexibly
What parameter；When the compression q (θ) of sensor tube coupling surrounding different orientations effect is uneven, inner wall circumferential direction compressive strain ε
(θ) also can be uneven, and the distribution of compression q (θ) and the distribution of inner wall circumferential direction compressive strain ε (θ) have consistent corresponding relationship,
It therefore, easily can be by pressure sensor tube coupling finite elements plane strain computation model, by each piece of strain gauge measured value
εiInverse obtains compression q (θ).
The calculation formula of compression average value is as follows at measuring point:
WhereinFor the compression average value at measuring point, E is the Young's modulus of elasticity of pressure sensor tube coupling material,
For the average value of all strain gauge strain measurement values on pressure sensor tube coupling inner wall, i.e.,
Wherein εiFor the measured value of i-th piece of strain gauge on pressure sensor tube coupling inner wall, it is positive with stretching strain, compressive strain is
Negative, N is the strain gauge sum on pressure sensor tube coupling unit inner wall.
K is the sensitivity coefficient of pressure sensor tube coupling, is calculated using following formula:
Wherein d1For the overall diameter of pressure sensor tube coupling, d2For the interior diameter of pressure sensor tube coupling.
It is passed along the compression q (θ) of pressure sensor tube coupling circumferential direction coordinate θ angle direction by simple pressure at measuring point
Sensor tube coupling finite elements plane strain computation model tentative calculation obtains.
Embodiment 1
The round tubular pressure sensor of resistance-strain type, including circular steel tube coupling and the foil electricity pasted along its inner wall circumferential direction
Hinder strain gauge.Wherein circular steel tube coupling is as shown in Fig. 2, strain gauge paste position is as shown in Figure 1.Specific manufacturing process is by following step
It is rapid to carry out:
(1) sensor sensing element round steel pipe restraining is made.17-4PH martensitic stain less steel stick is done into solution treatment, then
By Vehicle Processing, the Circular Thin steel pipe joint of predetermined size is formed, does 450 DEG C~480 DEG C vacuum aging processing later.Test is ground
To study carefully and shows the temperature range timeliness 3~4 hours, tempered martensite can be obtained in sample tissue, and so that its hardness is reached 39~42HRC,
Yield strength reaches 1180MPa.
(2) foil strain gauge manufactures.As shown in Figure 1,2 sensitive grids can be integrated on a substrate, sensitive grid
Length and quantity product are equal to round tube section inner wall perimeter, and the binding post of extraction wire does insulation processing.
(3) foil strain gauge is pasted.Circular steel tube coupling inner surface strain gauge sticking area select granularity be 200~
The sand paper of 400 mesh is polished, and polishing with patch direction is in 45 ° of crossbanding, then circumferentially every with scoring tool
Every 45 ° of standardized position lines, guarantee that paste position will not become.Then polishing position is cleaned with acetone and other organic solvent in surface.So
After be placed in incubator and be warming up to 70 DEG C, keep the temperature 30 minutes.Tube coupling inner surface is uniformly applied to using H-610 glue after taking-up to strain
Sticking area is counted, then strain gauge is successively pasted in position as shown in Figure 1, and is fixed with inner bearing type fixture plus-pressure, and plus-pressure is
0.1~0.3MPa is warming up to 135 DEG C in incubator, is kept for 2.5 hours, subsequent cooled to room temperature release, then be warming up to
165 DEG C, heat preservation cooled to room temperature after 2 hours.Finally sealing processing is done on the strain gauge surface pasted using 704 glue.
Embodiment 2
Combined pressure tube sensor such as Fig. 4, by pressure sensor tube coupling unit (7) (9), lead round tube (5) (8), interior
It inserts formula flexible connecting member (6) to be connected in series, strain gauge conducting wire (10) is drawn by the internal cavities penetrated through.Measuring point as needed
Quantity and measuring point spacing choose lead circle between the sensor tube coupling element number and each tube coupling unit of compound pressure tube
The length of pipe.If necessary to reserve binding post in test site connecting wire and strain gauge, connecting portion can be left no room for manoeuvre with thermoplastic tube
Edge protection, to avoid short circuit.External wire and strain acquirement instrument form this bridge circuit of Huitong.
Embodiment 3
The present invention provides pressure field test calculation method corresponding with sensor, and steps are as follows:
(1) measured value of whole strain gauges in some measuring point pressure sensor tube coupling unit is obtained by strain acquirement instrument
εi, then by its average valueConfining pressure average value at measuring point is calculated by formula (1)
(2) means such as Finite Element is calculated using numerical value, establishes sensor tube coupling in confining pressure loadUnder effect
Plane strain model, to survey the measured value of each azimuth position strain gauge as objective result, with being averaged for confining pressure load
ValueAs known quantity, adjustmentUntil the numerical result and measured result of model inner wall hoop strain value are kissed
It closes, at this timeDistribution results of the compression of pressure field along angle as at measuring point.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor, including sensor tube coupling (7)；The sensor tube coupling (7) includes height
The thin-walled circle tube coupling of intensity martensitic stain less steel material and the more pieces of foil resistance strain gauges pasted along tube coupling inner wall circumferential direction；Institute
Sensitive grid (3) specification for stating foil resistance strain gauge is identical, and the sum of length of all sensitive grids (3) is equal to the inner wall week of tube coupling
Long, the length direction of sensitive grid (3) is parallel with tube coupling circumferential direction, successively end to end and axially offset in width direction along tube coupling,
Continuous 360 degree of closings circumferential strain measurement area is upwardly formed in tube coupling inner wall ring；
It is characterised in that it includes more than one sensor tube coupling (7), further includes more than one lead round tube (5) and more than one
Interpolation type flexible connecting member (6)；The interpolation type flexible connecting member (6) includes the round tube and intermediate flange (4) at both ends, round tube
Outer diameter is equal to the internal diameter of sensor tube coupling (7) or lead round tube (5), intermediate flange (4) and sensor tube coupling (7) and lead round tube
(5) outer diameter is equal；Between sensor tube coupling (7) or between lead round tube (5) or sensor tube coupling (7) and lead round tube
(5) penetrated through after being coupled by interpolation type flexible connecting member (6) series winding between, the connecting wires of all foil resistance strain gauges by
The continuous cavity of perforation is drawn.
2. a kind of pressure field test method of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor as described in claim 1, feature exist
In, including
Sensor tube coupling (7) is placed in position to be measured in solids pressure field；
Acquire the strain measurement value of all foil resistance strain gauges；
The compression average value at measuring point is calculated
Wherein, E is the Young's modulus of elasticity of sensor tube coupling (7) material,For all foil resistances of sensor tube coupling (7) inner wall
The average value of the strain measurement value of strain gauge；N is the sum of all foil resistance strain gauges of sensor tube coupling (7) inner wall, εiFor
The measured value of i-th piece of foil resistance strain gauge, is positive with stretching strain, and compressive strain is negative；K is the sensitivity of sensor tube coupling (7)
Coefficient, d1For the overall diameter of sensor tube coupling (7), d2For the interior diameter of sensor tube coupling (7)；Using Finite Element, establishes and pass
Sensor tube coupling is in confining pressure loadPlane strain model under effect, to survey each azimuth position foil resistance strain gauge
Measured value as objective result, with compression average valueAs known quantity, adjustmentUntil model inner wall is circumferential
The numerical result and measured result of strain value coincide, at this timePoint of the compression of pressure field along angle as at measuring point
Cloth result.
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| CN201811085392.0A CN109238526B (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2018-09-18 | A kind of resistance-strain type tubular pressure sensor and pressure field test method |
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| CN110823426A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Dynamic monitoring device and method for mining stress of coal face in hard rock environment |
| CN111721636A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-29 | 江苏永大化工设备有限公司 | Pressure-bearing equipment pressure-resistant test automatic loading control system |
| CN112563405B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-08-31 | 联合微电子中心有限责任公司 | Pressure sensor unit, multi-dimensional pressure sensor and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN113899481B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-08-20 | 中航电测仪器股份有限公司 | Torsion angle strain sensor and measuring device and measuring method thereof |
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| FR2554590B1 (en) * | 1983-11-04 | 1986-02-07 | Electro Resistance | FORCE SENSOR COMPRISING AN ELASTIC BAR PROVIDED WITH STRESS GAUGES |
| DE10207501C1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-10-23 | Bfi Vdeh Inst Angewandte Forschung Gmbh | Full role for determining flatness deviations |
| CN101629859B (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2011-04-20 | 付康 | System and method for determining thin-film stress based on deformation measurement and numerical reverse |
| CN202145154U (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2012-02-15 | 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 | Plastic tube type stressometer |
| CN103776569A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 南通东南公路工程有限公司 | Road pressure sensing mechanism |
| DE202014002430U1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-04-14 | Christian Grüger | Force sensor for determining the forces acting on a surface, especially for Fußaufstandskraftermittlung |
| CN105115634B (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-07-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Cylindrical annular strain soil pressure sensor and measuring method |
| CN205209428U (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 昆山雅图电子科技有限公司 | Resistance strain gauge |
| CN106802132B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-01-12 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | A kind of penetration type Multifunction fishing bottom sediment in-situ observation feeler lever |
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