CN109235019B - High-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109235019B CN109235019B CN201810861530.3A CN201810861530A CN109235019B CN 109235019 B CN109235019 B CN 109235019B CN 201810861530 A CN201810861530 A CN 201810861530A CN 109235019 B CN109235019 B CN 109235019B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber is prepared by carrying out alternate tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber; the alternative tension heat treatment is to apply tension of 0-8 cN/tex in stages under the condition of 150-200 ℃; the staged process is divided into at least 3 stages, the tension of any intermediate stage is larger or smaller than the tension of two adjacent stages, the last stage is the 1 st last stage, and the tension of the 1 st last stage is 0-1 cN/tex and is smaller than the tension of the 2 nd last stage; the application direction of the tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the crimp shrinkage rate of the prepared high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber is 38-40%, and the crimp elongation is 350-400%. The method is simple to operate, and the prepared high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT fiber is good in elasticity, mechanical property and elastic durability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of elastic fiber preparation, and relates to a high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The elastic fiber fabric can be attached to the body of a human body, does not restrict the movement of the human body, and meets the requirements of people on fashion modeling and comfort, so that the development is faster and faster. In the actual production process, the elastic fiber is prepared by using common fiber for copolymerization modification to form a soft-hard segment structure similar to polyurethane, and can be obtained by crimping the fiber, and the latter has practical significance in actual production application.
From the aspect of fiber elasticity mechanism, elastic fibers can be roughly divided into two types, one is a block copolymer formed by alternately connecting "soft segments" and "hard segments", such as polyurethane, polyether ester or polyolefin elastic fibers; another class is fibers with macromolecular structures with elongation and recovery functions that rely primarily on the transformation of internal crystal forms or changes in specific molecular conformations to achieve elasticity, such as polyester-based elastic fibers.
Crimp in a fibrous synthetic filament is often obtained by two methods: (1) the monocomponent filaments are obtained by spinning texturing. The texturing method is to twist the filaments highly, heat-set the twist and then untwist the filaments. The material and combination of the friction disk, the temperature of the hot box, the stretching multiple, the deformation processing speed and the like all influence the crimping elasticity of the single-component filament in the heat setting treatment process; (2) composite filaments (e.g., bicomponent filaments) are rendered crimped during post-processing by the poor shrinkage potential of the two components. The crimp size of the bicomponent filament is related to the distribution of the two components in the cross section, the shrinkage difference of the two components, the post-treatment conditions, etc. The side-by-side bicomponent PET/PTT composite fiber prepared by using the bicomponent filament has a self-curling structure similar to a three-dimensional coil spring and has elasticity. The elasticity of the PET/PTT composite fiber is related to the curling degree thereof, and the heat treatment process condition is an important factor influencing the curling and elastic properties of the PET/PTT composite fiber. The heat treatment under the relaxation condition can improve the crimp shrinkage rate of the composite fiber but reduce the crystallinity and the orientation degree of the composite fiber, thereby reducing the tensile strength, lowering the mechanical property of the composite fiber, improving the crystallinity and the orientation degree under the action of tension but greatly reducing the crimp elongation and the shrinkage rate, and further reducing the elasticity of the composite fiber.
Therefore, the research on the preparation method of the PET/PTT composite fiber capable of remarkably improving the elasticity of the fiber and simultaneously ensuring the mechanical property of the fiber is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber which can remarkably improve the elasticity of the fiber and ensure the mechanical property of the fiber and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has a crimp shrinkage rate of 38-40% and a crimp elongation of 350-400%. The PTT/PET composite fiber prepared by the prior art has the crimp shrinkage rate of 30-35% and the crimp elongation of 200-300%.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the filament linear density of 1-2 dtex and the breaking strength of 3-4.2 cN/dtex.
The high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises 30-70 wt% of PET.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber, which is used for carrying out alternating tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber.
The alternating tension heat treatment is to apply tension of 0-8 cN/tex in stages at 150-200 ℃; the temperature range of the alternate tension heat treatment is 150-200 ℃, which is far higher than the glass transition temperature of the PTT fiber and lower than the melting temperature of the PTT fiber, in the heat treatment process, when the applied tension is larger, the partial molecular chains in the fiber are arranged and oriented, the overall orientation of the fiber is increased, the shrinkage difference between the PET component and the PTT component is reduced, and the shrinkage difference between the two components is limited;
meanwhile, small crystals which hinder the movement of a macromolecular chain segment and are relatively unstable and incomplete can be melted by adopting tension heat treatment, the released chain segment can move along with the action of external tension and participate in relatively stable crystals along the direction of the tension, the number of crystal grains in the fiber is reduced, the size of the crystal grains is enlarged, gaps among the crystal grains are enlarged, and the internal structure is more perfect; after the tension is removed, the molecular chains of the fiber are in a relaxed state, part of crystalline regions can generate de-orientation effect to form new amorphous regions, the size of crystal grains is reduced, therefore, the heat treatment is carried out under the repeated tension and relaxation alternating state, the aggregation state of the molecular chains of the fiber is rearranged into a smaller and stable crystalline region and an amorphous region, the crystalline region is similar to a entanglement point, and the amorphous region is equivalent to a soft segment, thereby playing the role of strengthening the elasticity and the durability of the composite fiber;
the value range of the applied tension includes but is not limited to the value range, as long as the applied tension does not exceed the breaking strength value of the PET/PTT composite fiber;
the staged stage is divided into at least 3 stages, the tension of any intermediate stage is larger or smaller than the tension of two adjacent stages, the last stage is the 1 st last stage, and the tension of the 1 st last stage is 0-1 cN/tex and is smaller than the tension of the 2 nd last stage; only by applying tension first and then relaxing or the tension later being lower than the tension before, the shrinkage difference among the composite fiber components can be improved under the condition of not influencing the strength, thereby improving the elasticity;
the direction of application of the tension is in the axial direction of the fiber.
Under the same temperature condition, the tension and the time are in an inverse correlation relationship, and the larger the tension is, the shorter the time for reaching the same elastic recovery rate is; likewise, under the same tension condition, the temperature has an inverse correlation with the time; under the same heat treatment time condition, the temperature and the tension have an inverse correlation relationship.
As a preferred technical scheme:
in the method, the heat treatment temperature is the same in all stages, and the heat treatment time is 10-30 min. The same heat treatment temperature is beneficial to optimizing the shrinkage difference among the composite fiber components in the repeated tension heat treatment or relaxation heat treatment process.
In the above-described method, the tensions in the 2n-1 last stages are all 0cN/tex, or are not all 0cN/tex, and n is a positive integer.
In the method described above, the tensions in the 2n last stages are all the same, or all different, or not all the same.
According to the method, the heat treatment temperatures of all stages are different or not completely the same, the heat treatment time is 10-30 min, and the change trend of the tension of the adjacent stages is opposite to that of the heat treatment temperature. Along with the rise of the heat treatment temperature, the tension which can be born by the composite fiber is reduced, and the improvement of the shrinkage difference among the components of the composite fiber is facilitated.
In the above-described method, the tensions in the 2n-1 last stages are all 0cN/tex, or are not all 0cN/tex, and n is a positive integer.
In the method described above, the tensions in the 2n last stages are all the same, or all different, or not all the same.
The invention mechanism is as follows:
the PET/PTT fiber is subjected to only a single tension heat treatment, and the wet heat treatment or the dry heat treatment only promotes the orientation and crystallization of molecular chains in the fiber, and the molecular chains are bound after crystallization, so that the elasticity is reduced. The composite fiber is subjected to tension in an alternating manner of large-small- & gt. In addition, the small crystals which hinder the movement of the macromolecular chain segment and are relatively unstable and incomplete can be melted by adopting tension heat treatment, the released chain segment can move along with the action of external tension and participate in relatively stable crystals along the direction of the tension, the number of crystal grains in the fiber is reduced, the size of the crystal grains is enlarged, gaps among the crystal grains are enlarged, and the internal structure is more perfect; after the tension is removed, the molecular chains of the fiber are in a relaxed state, part of crystalline regions can be subjected to de-orientation action to form new amorphous regions, the size of crystal grains is reduced, therefore, the heat treatment is carried out under the repeated tension and relaxation alternating state, the aggregation state of the molecular chains of the fiber is rearranged into a smaller and stable crystalline region and an amorphous region, the crystalline region is similar to a entanglement point, and the amorphous region is equivalent to a soft segment, thereby playing the role of strengthening the elasticity and the durability of the composite fiber.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has good elasticity, mechanical property and elastic durability, and has extremely good popularization value;
(2) the preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber is simple to operate, and the fiber can be repeatedly oriented and de-oriented in the heat treatment process through alternate tension heat treatment, so that the elasticity and the elasticity durability of the PET/PTT fiber are improved.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternating tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 3 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 50 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 2 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 6 cN/tex; the 3 rd stage applied tension was of the order of 0 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperature of the 3 stages is 150 ℃ all the same, and the heat treatment time is 25 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 38% and the crimp elongation of 370%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 2dtex, and the breaking strength is 4 cN/dtex.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternating tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 4 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 65 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 7 cN/tex; the tension applied in stage 2 was 1.3 cN/tex; the tension applied in stage 3 was 3.5 cN/tex; the tension applied in stage 4 was 1 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperature of the 4 stages is 170 ℃ and the heat treatment time is 15 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 38.5% and the crimp elongation of 350%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 2dtex, and the breaking strength is 4.2 cN/dtex.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternate tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 5 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 55 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 8 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 3 rd stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 4 th stage is 8 cN/tex; the tension applied at stage 5 was 0 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperature of 5 stages is the same and is 160 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 30 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 39.2% and the crimp elongation of 390%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 1.2dtex, and the breaking strength is 3.9 cN/dtex.
Example 4
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternating tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 6 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 40 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 6 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 2 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 3 rd stage is 6 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 4 th stage is 1 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 5 th stage is 6 cN/tex; the tension applied at stage 6 was 0 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperature of the 6 stages is the same and is 200 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 20 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 38.8% and the crimp elongation of 380%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 1.9dtex, and the breaking strength is 3 cN/dtex.
Example 5
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternating tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 6 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 30 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 2 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 3 rd stage is 2 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 4 th stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 5 th stage is 2 cN/tex; the tension applied at stage 6 was 0 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperature of the 6 stages is the same and is 155 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 25 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 39.5% and the crimp elongation of 350%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 1.5dtex, and the breaking strength is 3.5 cN/dtex.
Example 6
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternate tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 7 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 60 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 3 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 3 rd stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 4 th stage is 3 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 5 th stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 6 th stage is 3 cN/tex; the tension applied at stage 7 was 0 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperatures of 7 stages are different, namely 160 ℃, 150 ℃, 180 ℃, 155 ℃, 170 ℃, 165 ℃ and 190 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 10 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 39% and the crimp elongation of 360%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 1.1dtex, and the breaking strength is 4.1 cN/dtex.
Example 7
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternating tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 8 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 45 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 4 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 6 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 3 rd stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 4 th stage is 4.3 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 5 th stage is 2.5 cN/tex; the tension applied in stage 6 was 3.2 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 7 th stage is 0.3 cN/tex; the tension applied at stage 8 was 0.8 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperatures of 8 stages are not completely the same, namely 180 ℃, 155 ℃, 195 ℃, 150 ℃, 180 ℃ and 170 ℃ respectively, and the heat treatment time is 30 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 40% and the crimp elongation of 350%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 1dtex, and the breaking strength is 3.8 cN/dtex.
Example 8
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternating tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 6 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 70 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 2.3 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 1 cN/tex; the tension applied in stage 3 was 2.8 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 4 th stage is 0.2 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 5 th stage is 0.8 cN/tex; the tension applied at stage 6 was 0 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperatures of 6 stages are different, namely 180 ℃, 200 ℃, 160 ℃, 185 ℃, 155 ℃ and 170 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 15 min.
The final high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber has a crimp shrinkage of 38.5% and a crimp elongation of 390%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 1.4dtex, and the breaking strength is 3 cN/dtex.
Example 9
The preparation method of the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber comprises the step of carrying out alternate tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber in 5 stages to prepare the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber with the PET content of 65 wt%.
Wherein the tension applied in the 1 st stage is 4 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 2 nd stage is 5 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 3 rd stage is 0 cN/tex; the tension applied in the 4 th stage is 7 cN/tex; the tension applied at stage 5 was 1 cN/tex. The direction of the applied tension is the axial direction of the fiber, the heat treatment temperature of 5 stages is not completely the same, namely 190 ℃, 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 170 ℃ and 180 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 10 min.
The final high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the crimp shrinkage of 38.6% and the crimp elongation of 400%. The monofilament linear density of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 1.7dtex, and the breaking strength is 3.6 cN/dtex.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out alternate tension heat treatment on the PET/PTT composite fiber to prepare the high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber;
the alternating tension heat treatment is to apply tension of 0-8 cN/tex in stages at 150-200 ℃;
the staged stage is divided into at least 3 stages, the tension of any intermediate stage is larger or smaller than the tension of two adjacent stages, the last stage is the 1 st last stage, and the tension of the 1 st last stage is 0-1 cN/tex and is smaller than the tension of the 2 nd last stage;
the application direction of the tension is in the axial direction of the fiber;
the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has a crimp shrinkage rate of 38-40% and a crimp elongation of 350-400%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment temperature is the same in all stages, and the heat treatment time is 10-30 min.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the tensions at the 2n-1 last stages are all 0cN/tex, or are not all 0cN/tex, and n is a positive integer.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the tensions of the 2n last phases are all the same, or all different, or not all the same.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment temperature is different or not completely the same in all stages, the heat treatment time is 10-30 min, and the tension variation trend in adjacent stages is opposite to the heat treatment temperature variation trend.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tensions of the 2n-1 last stages are all 0cN/tex, or are not all 0cN/tex, and n is a positive integer.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the tensions of the 2n last stages are all the same, or all different, or not all the same.
8. The high-crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that: the high-crimp-elasticity PET/PTT composite fiber has the filament linear density of 1-2 dtex and the breaking strength of 3-4.2 cN/dtex.
9. The high crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber according to claim 8, wherein the content of PET in the high crimp elastic PET/PTT composite fiber is 30-70 wt%.
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