CN109234656B - Pre-deformation heat treatment process for improving strength of metastable β titanium alloy - Google Patents
Pre-deformation heat treatment process for improving strength of metastable β titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-deformation heat treatment process for improving the strength of metastable β titanium alloy, which relates to the technical field of hot working and heat treatment of titanium alloy materials and comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out pre-heat treatment, namely heating forged metastable β titanium alloy to TβPreserving the heat for 0.5 to 6 hours at the temperature of 0 to 100 ℃; (2) pre-deformation:placing the metastable β titanium alloy at TβBelow 200 ℃ to TβThe method comprises the steps of (1) keeping the temperature within 100 ℃ for 0.2-6 hours, and then carrying out rolling thermal deformation, (3) carrying out direct aging treatment, namely heating the metastable β titanium alloy to 400-600 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 4-12 hours.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a pre-deformation heat treatment process of metastable β titanium alloy, and relates to the technical field of hot processing and heat treatment of titanium alloy materials.
Background
The metastable β titanium alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, excellent forming performance, deep hardenability and the like, particularly has higher strength compared with α + β two-phase titanium alloy, and can reach more than 1200MPa after proper heat treatment, so the metastable β titanium alloy is more and more widely applied in the aerospace field.
The metastable β titanium alloy is a single β phase at high temperature, a β phase is precipitated from an β matrix when the metastable β titanium alloy is cooled to a β + β 2 two-phase region, and a β phase is taken as a main strengthening phase, and the size, the appearance, the distribution and the volume fraction of the β phase play an extremely important role in the mechanical property of a metastable β titanium alloy.
However, the improvement of mechanical properties of metastable β titanium alloy by heat treatment has limitations, that is, no matter how the heat treatment process is adjusted, the mechanical properties cannot break through a certain maximum value, therefore, how to break through the limit value of mechanical properties of metastable β titanium alloy becomes a troublesome problem for scientists and engineers at present, to solve the problem, the breaking point is still in the transformation process of β → α, as long as more α phases are precipitated in β matrix, the mechanical properties of metastable 632 titanium alloy are improved, based on the solid state transformation theory, the driving force of phase transformation is not only provided by super-cooling degree, the energy stored in defects such as dislocation, grain boundary and the like can be used as the driving force, when the transformation occurs in the defects, the stored energy can be released to further promote the phase transformation, aiming at the titanium alloy 865 β, the thermal deformation can effectively improve the defect content of the matrix, and the precipitation of α phases in the subsequent heat treatment process can be influenced, the mechanical properties of the titanium alloy can be further regulated and the mechanical properties of β titanium alloy can not be improved by the traditional heat treatment process, but the aging parameters are not matched with the aging parameters of metastable β, and the aging parameters of the aging process of the metastable titanium alloy, and the aging of the aging process, so that the aging process of the metastable titanium alloy is not improved, the mechanical properties of the metastable alloy, the mechanical properties of the metastable alloy can be improved, the metastable alloy, the mechanical properties of the metastable alloy can be obtained by the aging process is improved by the aging process, the aging process of the metastable alloy, the aging process is improved by the aging process, the aging process of the metastable alloy, the aging process of the aging of the metastable alloy, the aging process of.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of strength limit of the traditional solid solution and aging heat treatment process in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pre-deformation heat treatment process for improving the strength of the metastable β titanium alloy, which can greatly improve the strength of the metastable β titanium alloy and maintain the plasticity of the metastable β titanium alloy.
The invention relates to a pre-deformation heat treatment process for improving the strength of metastable β titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-heat treatment, namely heating and insulating the forging metastable β titanium alloy, and then quenching to room temperature to obtain the pre-heat treated metastable β titanium alloy;
(2) pre-deforming, namely preheating the metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the pre-heat treatment, then carrying out rolling thermal deformation on the metastable β titanium alloy by using a rolling mill, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) and (3) direct aging heat treatment, namely heating and preserving heat of the pre-deformed metastable β titanium alloy, and then cooling to room temperature.
Specifically, the microstructure of the wrought metastable β titanium alloy in the step (1) is composed of a β phase matrix and a secondary α phase, and the microstructure of the metastable β titanium alloy after the pre-heat treatment is a single-phase β equal axial crystal structure.
Preferably, the temperature of said heating in step (1) is at β phase transition temperature TβThe temperature is 0-100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-6 h.
Preferably, the preheating treatment described in step (2) is in particular at a phase transition temperature T of ββBelow 200 ℃ to TβKeeping the temperature within the range of 100 ℃ for 0.2-6 h.
Preferably, the rolling in the step (2) is thermally deformed into multi-pass rolling; the rolling mill is a plate and strip rolling mill or a bar rolling mill, and the total rolling deformation is controlled to be 50-99%.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (3) is 400-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-12 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) pre-heat treatment at TβKeeping the temperature of 0-100 ℃ for 0.5-6 h, and then quenching to room temperature to ensure that the matrix obtains single-phase β -equal axial crystal tissues;
(2) controlling the rolling heat distortion temperature at TβBelow 200 ℃ to TβIn the range of 100 ℃, the total deformation is controlled to be 50-99%, so that the single-phase β equiaxed crystal structure obtained in the step (1) is elongated in the thermal deformation process, a large amount of subgrain boundaries are formed in the matrix and dynamic recrystallization occurs, the phase change is carried out with the single-phase equiaxed crystal structure, and the defect volume fraction in the β matrix is greatly improved after thermal deformation;
(3) the method comprises the steps of carrying out direct aging treatment on the rolled and thermally deformed metastable β titanium alloy at 400-600 ℃, wherein the aging time is 4-12 h, in the aging process, α phase can directly nucleate and grow at defects such as a subboundary, a grain boundary and the like, and the content of the defect in a matrix is very large, so that the content of the precipitated α phase is far greater than that of the traditional solid solution and aging heat treatment, and the strength of the metastable β titanium alloy can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, as the aging temperature is 400-600 ℃ higher than the recovery temperature of the metastable β titanium alloy, a thermally deformed structure can be fully recovered in the aging process, and the plasticity of the thermally deformed titanium alloy can be maintained.
(4) The method has the advantages of simple and stable process, convenient operation, short treatment period and low energy consumption, and is suitable for industrial production.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional solution aging process, the method comprehensively considers the influence of the alloy structure and the performance of the rolling thermal deformation and direct aging heat treatment process, can effectively regulate and control the α phase precipitation in the alloy microstructure, and enables the deformation structure to be fully recovered, so that the strength of the metastable β titanium alloy is greatly improved on the premise of maintaining the excellent plasticity of the metastable β titanium alloy, and the good matching between the strength and the plasticity is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a microstructure of a light microscope after a pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a microstructure of comparative example 4 of the present invention after a pre-deformation solution aging heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβCarrying out pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment process at 810 ℃):
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, the heat treatment system of the pre-heat treatment is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours, and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature, and the microstructure of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the pre-heat treatment is a single-phase β equal axial crystal structure;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of preserving heat of a TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill, wherein the total deformation is 20%, then quenching to room temperature, and after hot rolling, the phase transformation of a single phase β is small and basically shows an equiaxial shape;
(3) heating the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy to an aging temperature of 540 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and then cooling the titanium alloy to room temperature.
In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after pre-deformation + direct aging heat treatment are shown in table 1.
Example 2
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβCarrying out pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment process at 810 ℃):
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 40%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) heating the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy to an aging temperature of 540 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and then cooling the titanium alloy to room temperature.
In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after pre-deformation + direct aging heat treatment are shown in table 1.
Example 3
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβCarrying out pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment process at 810 ℃):
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 50%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) heating the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy to an aging temperature of 540 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and then cooling the titanium alloy to room temperature.
In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after pre-deformation + direct aging heat treatment are shown in table 1.
Example 4
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβCarrying out pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment process at 810 ℃):
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is maintained at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) keeping the temperature of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy which is subjected to heat treatment in advance at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, then carrying out multi-pass rolling hot deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill, wherein the total deformation is 75%, and then quenching to room temperature, wherein a single-phase β equal axial crystal structure is elongated along the rolling direction after hot rolling, a large number of subgrain boundaries are formed in a matrix, and dynamic recrystallization is carried out on part of the grain boundaries (as shown in figure 1);
(3) the TB8 titanium alloy after hot rolling deformation is heated to the ageing temperature of 540 ℃, kept warm for 8h and then cooled to room temperature in an air cooling mode, and a large amount of α phases are separated along grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries (as shown in figure 1).
In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after pre-deformation + direct aging heat treatment are shown in table 1.
Example 5
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβCarrying out pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment process at 810 ℃):
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 85%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) heating the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy to an aging temperature of 540 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and then cooling the titanium alloy to room temperature.
In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after pre-deformation + direct aging heat treatment are shown in table 1.
Example 6
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβCarrying out pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment process at 810 ℃):
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 95%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) heating the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy to an aging temperature of 540 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and then cooling the titanium alloy to room temperature.
In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after pre-deformation + direct aging heat treatment are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβPre-deforming at 810 ℃, and then carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment:
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 20%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) carrying out traditional solution and aging heat treatment on the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy: firstly, carrying out solid solution at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, then quenching to room temperature, then heating to the aging temperature of 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
In this comparative example, the room temperature mechanical properties of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the conventional solution + aging heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβPre-deforming at 810 ℃, and then carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment:
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 40%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) carrying out traditional solution and aging heat treatment on the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy: firstly, carrying out solid solution at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, then quenching to room temperature, then heating to the aging temperature of 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
In this comparative example, the room temperature mechanical properties of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the conventional solution + aging heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβPre-deforming at 810 ℃, and then carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment:
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 50%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) carrying out traditional solution and aging heat treatment on the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy: firstly, carrying out solid solution at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, then quenching to room temperature, then heating to the aging temperature of 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
In this comparative example, the room temperature mechanical properties of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the conventional solution + aging heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 4
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβPre-deforming at 810 ℃, and then carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment:
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 75%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) carrying out traditional solution and aging heat treatment on the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy: firstly, carrying out solid solution at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, then quenching to room temperature, then heating to the aging temperature of 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
As shown in figure 2, the needle-shaped α phase is unevenly precipitated in a β isometric crystal matrix in the aging process of the TB8 titanium alloy, and the precipitation amount is less than that of the pre-deformation direct aging heat treatment process (shown in figure 1).
In this comparative example, the room temperature mechanical properties of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the conventional solution + aging heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 5
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβPre-deforming at 810 ℃, and then carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment:
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) carrying out multi-pass rolling thermal deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill after heat preservation of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, wherein the total deformation is 85%, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) carrying out traditional solution and aging heat treatment on the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy: firstly, carrying out solid solution at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, then quenching to room temperature, then heating to the aging temperature of 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
In this comparative example, the room temperature mechanical properties of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the conventional solution + aging heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 6
Application of the invention to TB8 metastable β titanium alloy (T of whichβPre-deforming at 810 ℃, and then carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment:
(1) the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy to be heat treated is subjected to pre-heat treatment in a β phase single-phase region, and the pre-heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and then the titanium alloy is quenched to room temperature;
(2) and (3) preserving the heat of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the heat treatment for 0.5h at 860 ℃, then performing multi-pass rolling hot deformation on the TB8 titanium alloy by using a rolling mill, wherein the total deformation is 95%, and then quenching to room temperature.
(3) Carrying out traditional solution and aging heat treatment on the hot-rolled deformed TB8 titanium alloy: firstly, carrying out solid solution at 860 ℃ for 0.5h, then quenching to room temperature, then heating to the aging temperature of 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
In this comparative example, the room temperature mechanical properties of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the conventional solution + aging heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
(1) From Table 1, the strength of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the direct aging heat treatment after the larger pre-deformation is higher than that after the traditional pre-deformation, solid solution and aging heat treatment by about 50-200 MPa, and the plasticity is basically kept consistent (examples 3-6 and comparative examples 3-6).
(2) In addition, the influence of the deformation amount of the pre-deformation on the strength of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy after the direct aging treatment is large, the results show that the larger the deformation amount is, the larger the strength of the TB8 metastable β titanium alloy is (examples 1-6), and when the deformation amount of the pre-deformation is only 20% and 40% (50%), the strength of the alloy after the direct aging treatment (examples 1-2) is not higher than that of the alloy after the traditional solid solution and aging heat treatment (comparative examples 1-2), because the phase transformation of the single phase β after the hot rolling is smaller and basically presents an equiaxial shape, the defects of a matrix are fewer, the volume fraction of α phases precipitated in the aging process is not obviously increased, the strength of the alloy cannot be improved, and even partial reduction is caused, and further shows that the matching of the pre-deformation parameters and the heat treatment process parameters is an important influence factor for improving the mechanical property of the alloy.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A pre-deformation heat treatment process for improving the strength of metastable β titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) pre-heat treatment, namely heating and insulating the forging metastable β titanium alloy, and then quenching to room temperature to obtain the pre-heat treated metastable β titanium alloy;
(2) pre-deforming, namely preheating the metastable β titanium alloy subjected to the pre-heat treatment, then carrying out rolling thermal deformation on the metastable β titanium alloy by using a rolling mill, and then quenching to room temperature;
(3) direct aging heat treatment, namely heating and preserving heat of the pre-deformed metastable β titanium alloy, and then cooling to room temperature;
the microstructure of the wrought metastable β titanium alloy in the step (1) consists of a β phase matrix and a secondary α phase, wherein the microstructure of the metastable β titanium alloy after the pre-heat treatment is a single-phase β equal axial crystal structure;
the temperature of the heating in the step (1) is β phase transition temperature TβKeeping the temperature of 0-100 ℃ aboveThe time is 0.5-6 h;
the preheating treatment in the step (2) is specifically carried out at the phase transition temperature T of ββBelow 200 ℃ to TβKeeping the temperature within the range of 100 ℃ for 0.2-6 h;
the rolling thermal deformation in the step (2) is multi-pass rolling; the rolling mill is a plate and strip rolling mill or a bar rolling mill, and the total rolling deformation is controlled to be 50-99 percent;
in the step (3), the heating temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-12 h.
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