CN109233782B - Fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109233782B CN109233782B CN201811166388.7A CN201811166388A CN109233782B CN 109233782 B CN109233782 B CN 109233782B CN 201811166388 A CN201811166388 A CN 201811166388A CN 109233782 B CN109233782 B CN 109233782B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation and a preparation method thereof, wherein the system comprises 0.3-0.5% of hydroxypropyl guar gum, 0.1% of dispersing agent, 0.3-0.5% of cleanup additive, 0.5-1% of high temperature resistant anti-swelling agent, 0.15-0.2% of bactericide, 0.2-0.3% of temperature stabilizer, 0.25-0.35% of alkali, 0.2-0.4% of crosslinking agent, 0-0.02% of gel breaker and the balance of hot water in percentage by mass, and the total mass of the components is 100%; the fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation has the advantage of reducing cold damage of a reservoir, so that oil in a far wellbore area flows to the vicinity of a wellbore, and the purposes of improving the permeability of the reservoir and increasing the oil yield are achieved through hot water fracturing process construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field reservoir transformation, in particular to a fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The properties of crude oil in the Subei oil area have the characteristics of high freezing point, no asphaltene, low sulfur content and the like, the formation temperature is generally 90-120 ℃, the average density of the formation crude oil is 0.868t/m3, the average viscosity (50 ℃) of ground crude oil is 33 m.Pa.s, the freezing point is about 42 ℃, and the wax precipitation temperature is 53-61 ℃. According to the special properties of the high-condensation oil in the oil zone of the northwest China, the oil extraction factory of the northwest China points out that: the normal temperature water prepared fracturing fluid has cold damage to the crude oil in the stratum, influences the precipitation of the crude oil, and particularly influences the flow of the crude oil from a far well zone to a near well. A simulation test that a fracturing fluid prepared by normal temperature water at 20 ℃ is put into a well in an oil production plant shows that the temperature in a crack within a range of 125m away from a crack is lower than the wax precipitation temperature of crude oil under the condition that the crack is 260m long; in addition, two points are seen from production dynamic data of oil production plants, namely, normal-temperature water is used for preparing the fracturing fluid, so that cold damage of crude oil is difficult to remove, and the daily produced crude oil amount of a well which is subjected to fracturing construction by using hot water is improved compared with that of the prior art. Therefore, in order to control the cold damage of the fracturing fluid to the reservoir, the northwest oil production plant requires the construction job side to formulate the fracturing fluid with high temperature water (about 70 ℃).
For many years, normal-temperature water is adopted to prepare fracturing fluid for fracturing construction undertaken by Bohai sea drilling underground technical service branch company, but the hot water is used for preparing the fracturing fluid for fracturing construction for the first time. The fracturing fluid prepared by hot water at 70 ℃ has a plurality of differences from normal-temperature water, which are shown in the differences of the swelling mode and the crosslinking method of the thickening agent, the apparent viscosity of the fluid, the viscosity and residue after gel breaking of a system, the viscosity after shearing of the system and the like, and in addition, additives of the system have some differences. Therefore, a set of fracturing fluid suitable for preparing hot water is needed to be researched to meet the requirement of fracturing construction in the oil zone in the northwest China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fracturing fluid system which is used for fracturing reformation of a high-freezing-point reservoir and is suitable for hot water preparation, and overcomes the defects of reformation of the high-freezing-point crude oil reservoir by the fracturing fluid system prepared from normal-temperature water.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method for preparing the fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the fracturing fluid suitable for preparing hot water comprises hydroxypropyl guar gum, a dispersing agent and hot water with the temperature of 60-80 ℃; wherein the weight ratio of the hydroxypropyl guar gum to the dispersing agent is (3-5) to (1-1.5), and the dispersing agent is polyethylene glycol (PEG-200) with the molecular weight of 200 or polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) with the molecular weight of 200.
In the fracturing fluid system suitable for preparing hot water, the advantage of adding polyethylene glycol (PEG-200 or PEG-400) into hydroxypropyl guar gum is that the hydroxypropyl guar gum can be fully swelled in hot water, the viscosity is quickly released, no powder balls and precipitates are generated in the swelling process, and the hydroxypropyl guar gum is uniformly dispersed in the hot water; meanwhile, because the polyethylene glycol structure has a plurality of hydroxyl groups, the addition of the polyethylene glycol structure not only improves the dispersing capacity of the guar gum in hot water, but also can reduce the usage amount of the cross-linking agent, and the polyhydroxy group improves the cross-linking ratio and saves the usage amount of the cross-linking agent.
Preferably, the formula suitable for preparing the fracturing fluid by using hot water is as follows: 0.3-0.5% of hydroxypropyl guar gum, 0.1-0.15% of dispersing agent, 0.3-0.5% of cleanup additive, 0.5-1% of high temperature resistant anti-swelling agent, 0.15-0.2% of bactericide, 0.2-0.3% of temperature stabilizer, 0.25-0.35% of alkali, 0.2-0.4% of cross-linking agent, 0-0.02% of gel breaker and the balance of hot water, wherein the total mass of the components is 100%.
Compared with the conventional fracturing fluid system, the fracturing fluid system suitable for preparing hot water has the remarkable characteristics that: the better gel breaking effect can be realized under the condition of not adding the gel breaker. In the actual construction process, 0.015-0.02% of gel breaker can be optionally added according to the specific conditions on site, so that the gel breaking effect is further improved.
Preferably, the cleanup additive is a fluorocarbon surfactant.
The high-temperature expansion-resistant agent can be a commercially available high-temperature expansion-resistant agent; preferably, a high temperature-resistant anti-swelling agent for fracturing disclosed in the published patent ZL201410484064.3 is used.
Preferably, the bactericide is bactericide 1227, bactericide 1631 or pentanediol.
Preferably, the temperature stabilizer is sea wave or sodium thiosulfate. The addition of the temperature stabilizer can improve the chemical stability of the guar gum and other additives in high-temperature hot water, and the guar gum and other additives are not easy to deteriorate and lose efficacy.
Preferably, the base is sodium carbonate. In the preparation of the fracturing fluid of normal-temperature water, the addition of alkali is generally 0.2 wt.%, the PH of the fracturing fluid is 8-9, and at the moment, hydroxypropyl guar gum does not crosslink basically, so jelly is not easy to form, which is also a difference between the hot water and the normal-temperature water, and in the fracturing system of the application, multiple experiments show that when sodium carbonate is selected as alkali to adjust the pH value of the fracturing fluid, when the addition of the sodium carbonate is 0.25-0.35%, and the pH value of the fracturing fluid is 11-12, the hydroxypropyl guar gum and a crosslinking agent crosslink to form the jelly fracturing fluid, sand can be carried, and the effect of the hot water guar fracturing fluid is improved.
Preferably, the crosslinker is an organoboron crosslinker.
Preferably, the breaker is potassium persulfate. In the fracturing fluid system, a commonly used capsule gel breaker or ammonium persulfate gel breaker can lose efficacy quickly in field construction and cannot achieve the effect of prolonging gel breaking, and potassium persulfate has a good gel breaking effect in the fracturing fluid system prepared by hot water.
A preparation method suitable for preparing fracturing fluid by hot water comprises the following steps:
heating water to 60-80 ℃, then adding hydroxypropyl guar gum and polyethylene glycol, completely and uniformly stirring, sequentially adding a cleanup additive, a bactericide, an anti-swelling agent and a temperature stabilizer, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed; adding alkali and a cross-linking agent, and stirring until the alkali and the cross-linking agent are uniformly mixed to form the gel fracturing fluid; wherein the hanging time of the gel fracturing fluid is not less than 60 s.
Different from the conventional fracturing construction mode, the gel breaker is not added in the crosslinking process in the preparation of the fracturing fluid, but is added in the process of carrying out displacement operation.
Compared with the prior art, the hot water prepared fracturing fluid is suitable for reducing cold damage of a reservoir by utilizing a hot water prepared fracturing fluid system, so that oil in a far well zone flows to the vicinity of a shaft, and is constructed by a hot water fracturing process, so that the permeability of the reservoir is improved, and the oil yield is increased; specifically, hydroxypropyl guar gum is added into hot water at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to form fracturing fluid, polyethylene glycol in a certain proportion is added to accelerate the swelling speed and the dispersing effect of the hydroxypropyl guar gum in the hot water, meanwhile, the usage amount of a cross-linking agent is effectively reduced, in addition, a cleanup additive, an anti-swelling agent, a bactericide, a temperature stabilizer, sodium carbonate, a cross-linking agent and a gel breaker which are suitable for preparing a fracturing fluid system by using the hot water and have compatibility are compounded to meet the fracturing construction requirement, and the fracturing fluid system is ensured to meet the fracturing construction requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of viscosity versus temperature for a hot water formulated fracturing fluid of example 1 of the present invention;
figure 2 is a graph of viscosity versus temperature for a hot water formulated fracturing fluid of example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
In examples 1 to 7 below, the components other than the high temperature expansion preventing agent were purchased from commercial products. The high-temperature expansion-resistant agent for fracturing disclosed by ZL201410484064.3 is adopted as the high-temperature expansion-resistant agent, and the specific preparation method is as follows: dissolving 20g of trimethylamine in 100mL of ethanol, adding 60g of 37.5% hydrochloric acid, and stirring at normal temperature for 1h to obtain a trimethylamine hydrochloride mixed solution I; then 10g of fatty acid ester (16C-18C) is added into the mixed solution I, and the mixture is continuously stirred until the solution is uniform, so that mixed solution is obtainedLiquid II; then, 40g of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise to the mixed solution II, and after completion of the addition, 0.09g of (NH) was added4)2S2O8-NaHSO3Continuously stirring and heating to 60 ℃, refluxing for 5h and stopping reaction to obtain a mixed solution III containing the quaternary amine type organic cationic polymer; and finally, adding potassium chloride accounting for 60 percent of the total mass of the mixed solution III into the mixed solution III, uniformly mixing, and evaporating the solvent to dryness to obtain the high-temperature-resistant anti-swelling agent for fracturing.
Example 1
Heating 97.2 parts by weight of water to 70 ℃, then adding 0.3 part by weight of hydroxypropyl guar gum and 0.1 part by weight of PEG-200, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding 0.5 part by weight of fluorocarbon surfactant, 0.15 part by weight of glutaraldehyde, 1.0 part by weight of high-temperature-resistant anti-swelling agent and 0.2 part by weight of sea wave, and stirring until uniformly mixing; then 0.35 weight part of sodium carbonate and 0.2 weight part of organic boron crosslinking agent are added, and the mixture is stirred until the mixture is uniformly mixed to form the gel fracturing fluid.
The viscosity-temperature curve for the hot water formulated fracturing fluid of example 1 is shown in fig. 1. The apparent viscosity of the fracturing fluid suitable for preparing hot water is as follows: 40.8 m.Pa.s, shear viscosity: 105 m.Pa.s, viscosity of gel breaking liquid: 2.02 m.Pa.s, residue: 316mg/L, surface tension: 23.2 m.N/m, interfacial tension: 0.5016m N/m, picking time: over 60s, core damage rate: 26.1 percent.
Therefore, all performances of the fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment 1 are similar to those of the fracturing fluid prepared from the conventional normal-temperature water, and the fracturing construction requirement is met.
Example 2
97.335 parts by weight of water is heated to 80 ℃, then 0.5 part by weight of hydroxypropyl guar gum and 0.1 part by weight of PEG-400 are added, after uniform stirring, 0.4 part by weight of fluorocarbon surfactant, 0.2 part by weight of bactericide 1227, 0.5 part by weight of high temperature-resistant anti-swelling agent and 0.25 part by weight of sodium thiosulfate are sequentially added, and the mixture is stirred until uniform mixing is achieved; then adding 0.3 weight part of sodium carbonate and 0.4 weight part of organic boron crosslinking agent, stirring and uniformly mixing to form the gel fracturing fluid. In addition, 0.015 part by weight of potassium persulfate as a gel breaker was additionally weighed and added during the displacement operation.
Fig. 2 shows a viscosity-temperature curve of the hot water formulated fracturing fluid of example 2. The apparent viscosity of the fracturing fluid suitable for preparing hot water is as follows: 44.8 m.Pa.s, shear viscosity: 138.2 m.Pa.s, viscosity of gel breaking liquid: 2.35 m.Pa.s, residue: 345mg/L, surface tension: 24.2 m.N/m, interfacial tension: 0.5248m N/m, picking time: over 70s, core damage rate: 28.3 percent.
Therefore, all performances of the fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment 2 are similar to those of the fracturing fluid prepared from the conventional normal-temperature water, and the fracturing construction requirements are met.
Example 3
Heating 97.65 parts by weight of water to 60 ℃, then adding 0.5 part by weight of hydroxypropyl guar gum and 0.15 part by weight of PEG-400, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding 0.3 part by weight of fluorocarbon surfactant, 0.15 part by weight of glutaraldehyde, 0.5 part by weight of high-temperature-resistant anti-swelling agent and 0.15 part by weight of sea wave, and stirring until uniformly mixing; then 0.25 weight part of sodium carbonate and 0.35 weight part of organic boron crosslinking agent are added, and the mixture is stirred until the mixture is uniformly mixed to form the gel fracturing fluid.
The apparent viscosity of the fracturing fluid suitable for preparing hot water is as follows: 43 m.Pa.s, shear viscosity: 120 m.Pa.s, viscosity of gel breaking liquid: 3.25 m.Pa.s, residue: 370mg/L, surface tension: 24.2 m.N/m, interfacial tension: 0.54 m.N/m, picking time: for more than 60 seconds.
Therefore, all performances of the fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment 3 are similar to those of the fracturing fluid prepared from the conventional normal-temperature water, and the fracturing construction requirement is met.
The fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation is used for fracturing construction in 35 layers of Ji 106 wells in the oil area in North Suzhou, and the fluid is prepared by adopting hot water at the temperature of 60-70 ℃. After fracturing construction is completed, the daily oil production of the well layer is increased by about 110 percent, and the daily liquid production is doubled. The flow-back rate of the fracturing flow-back fluid is 40%, and the fracturing effect is obvious.
Example 4
Heating 97.68 parts by weight of water to 60 ℃, then adding 0.4 part by weight of hydroxypropyl guar gum and 0.15 part by weight of PEG-200, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding 0.3 part by weight of fluorocarbon surfactant, 0.15 part by weight of bactericide 1631, 0.5 part by weight of high-temperature-resistant anti-swelling agent and 0.25 part by weight of sea wave, and stirring until uniformly mixing; then 0.25 weight part of sodium carbonate and 0.3 weight part of organic boron crosslinking agent are added, and the mixture is stirred until the mixture is uniformly mixed to form the gel fracturing fluid. In addition, 0.02 part by weight of potassium persulfate as a gel breaker was additionally weighed and added during the displacement operation.
The apparent viscosity of the fracturing fluid suitable for preparing hot water is as follows: 40 m.Pa.s, shear viscosity: 110 m.Pa.s, viscosity of gel breaking liquid: 3.05 m.Pa.s, residue: 348mg/L, surface tension: 24 m.N/m, interfacial tension: 0.52 m.N/m, picking time: for more than 60 seconds.
Therefore, all performances of the fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment 4 are similar to those of the fracturing fluid prepared from the conventional normal-temperature water, and the fracturing construction requirements are met.
The fracturing fluid suitable for hot water preparation is used for fracturing construction in 8 th, 9 th, 10 th and 11 th layers of a Ji 23H1 well in the northeast China oil field, and the fluid is prepared by adopting hot water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃. After fracturing construction is completed, the daily oil production of the well layer is increased by about 70 percent, and the daily liquid production is increased by 100 percent. The flowback rate of the fracturing flowback fluid is 35%, and the fracturing effect is obvious.
Claims (8)
1. The fracturing fluid suitable for preparing hot water is characterized by comprising 0.3-0.5% of hydroxypropyl guar gum, 0.1-0.15% of dispersing agent, 0.3-0.5% of cleanup additive, 0.5-1% of high-temperature-resistant anti-swelling agent, 0.15-0.2% of bactericide, 0.2-0.3% of temperature stabilizer, 0.25-0.35% of alkali, 0.2-0.4% of crosslinking agent, 0-0.02% of gel breaker and the balance of hot water at 60-80 ℃, wherein the total mass of the components is 100%; the weight ratio of the hydroxypropyl guar gum to the dispersing agent is 3-5: 1-1.5, and the dispersing agent is PEG-200 or PEG-400.
2. The hot water formulated fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the cleanup additive is a fluorocarbon surfactant.
3. The hot water formulated fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the biocide is biocide 1227, biocide 1631 or pentanediol.
4. The hot water formulated fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the temperature stabilizer is a sea wave or sodium thiosulfate.
5. The hot water formulated fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the base is sodium carbonate.
6. The hot water formulated fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the crosslinker is an organoboron crosslinker.
7. The hot water formulated fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the breaker is potassium persulfate.
8. A method of preparing a fracturing fluid suitable for use in hot water formulation according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: heating water to 60-80 ℃, then adding hydroxypropyl guar gum and polyethylene glycol, completely and uniformly stirring, sequentially adding a cleanup additive, a bactericide, an anti-swelling agent and a temperature stabilizer, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed; and adding alkali and a cross-linking agent, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed to form the gel fracturing fluid with the hanging time of not less than 60 s.
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| CN110964493A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-07 | 成都碧隆双田化工科技有限公司 | Clay stabilizer for oil field |
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| US8245784B2 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2012-08-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Stable organic-based fluid loss additive containing an organophilic clay-based suspending agent for use in a well |
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| CN105985763B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2019-12-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Weighted fracturing fluid with low guar gum concentration |
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| CN107513383B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-05-15 | 陕西省石油化工研究设计院 | Low-concentration guanidine gum fracturing fluid for gas well |
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| US5247993A (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-09-28 | Union Oil Company Of California | Enhanced imbibition oil recovery process |
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