CN102676148B - High-density low-friction fracturing fluid - Google Patents
High-density low-friction fracturing fluid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to high-density low-friction fracturing fluid. The high-density low-friction fracturing fluid is made of, by weight, 20-46.5% of weighting agent sodium nitrate, 0.4-0.6% of thickener hydroxypropyl guar gum, 0.4-1.0% of cleanup additive Gemini surfactant, 0.1-0.3% of pH (potential of hydrogen) modifier, 0.1-0.3% of bactericide lauryltrimethylammonium chloride or dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, 0.5-1.0% of clay stabilizer quaternary ammonium salt, 0.5-1.0% of temperature stabilizer organic amine composite, and the balance water. Sodium nitrate is used for increasing weight, the density at the normal temperature can reach 1.35g/cm<3>, and the high-density low-friction fracturing fluid is long in delayed crosslinking time, low in friction, low in filter loss, high in high-temperature rheological property, and especially applicable to fracture modification of ultradeep compact reservoirs under unusual high pressure, wellhead construction pressure can be reduced remarkably. Further, the high-density low-friction fracturing fluid is applicable to massive popularization and application to mine fields, low in cost and low in stratum damage, and has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stimulation technology field in the petroleum engineering, particularly the fracturing liquid in the waterfrac treatment construction.
Background technology
China central and west regions are found some surpressures, super dark fine and close oil and gas reservoir in succession, and this class hydrocarbon resources need to could obtain high yield by fracturing reform.During the operation of high pressure and deep well reservoir fracturing, required operation pressure tends to surpass the pressure-bearing limit of well head, tubing string, can't guarantee construction safety and measure effect, even utilizes present technology and equipment can't carry out construction operation at all.In order to solve this difficult problem, proposed to increase the method that fluid column weight in the pit shaft reduces wellhead pressure, produced thus the weighted fracture fluid system.
According to external (SPE118904,2009), in pressing crack construction process, adding weighting agent inorganic salt in the fracturing liquid form high-density and can reach 1.50g/cm
3Weighted fracture fluid.K. the people such as Bartko is for the tight sand formation of Saudi Arabia, and fracture pressure gradient is up to 0.0249MPa/m, and temperature is up to 190 ℃, and successfully having researched and developed density is 1.47g/cm
3The weighted fracture fluid system, use this system after, the ability of pressure break required equipment is reduced to 103MPa by 138MPa, whole construction process, construction curve is smooth, but there is the problem that frictional resistance is high, reservoir damage is large in this system.
The domestic method of in succession having reported some raising fracturing liquid density effectively reduces the well head operation pressure, as adopts inorganic bromine salt (Sodium Bromide, Potassium Bromide) to increase the weight of, and high-density can reach 1.5g/cm
3Also there are the inorganic bromide of employing and muriate to carry out the compound method that increases the weight of, such as the heavy cracking-fluid formula of patent CN200610090681.0 and CN200510105813.8 announcement.But increase the weight of for single Repone K, the fracturing liquid maximum density that it increases the weight of is 1.15g/cm
3, the fluid column pressure that provides is limited.At present domestic indoor experiment and mining site facts have proved that there are some subject matters in the prescription that adopts bromine salt to increase the weight of: (1) bromine salt cost is high, compares with common fracturing liquid, because the cost that increases the weight of to cause increases about 2000-4500 unit/m
3Pressure break a bite well needs fracturing liquid 500m by medium pressure break scale
3, then increase the weight of rear cost and increase by ten thousand yuan of/mouthful wells of 100-225; (2) to melon colloid system, the bromide weighting agent can make crosslinking time prolong, and reduces system flow stance index n value, increases simultaneously consistency index K value, and the frictional resistance that causes flowing rises; (3) Br
-Have reductibility, consume fast gel breaker under the stratum high-temperature high pressure, make difficult, the broken glue of fracturing liquid rubber-breaking not thorough, formation damage increases.
Therefore, it is very necessary to seek a kind of new cheap weighting agent, can reduce cost, can overcome again the disadvantageous effect that bromine salt weighting agent produces the fracturing liquid performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-density to hang down the frictional resistance fracturing liquid, this fracturing liquid adopts SODIUMNITRATE to increase the weight of, and by adjusting the fracturing liquid of weighting agent consumption preparation different densities, 20 ℃ of preparations of normal temperature density is up to 1.35g/cm
3, this fracturing liquid delay cross linking time is long, frictional resistance is low, leak-off is low, has good high temperature rheology energy, is specially adapted to surpressure, super dark compact reservoir fracturing reform, significantly reduces the well head operation pressure, is fit to the mining site large-scale promotion application.This fracturing liquid low price, with low cost, and little to formation damage, be conducive to environment protection, overcome the deficiency of bromine salt weighting agent in the prior art.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
By in fracturing liquid, adding the weighting agent NaNO of Different Weight umber
3, make the low frictional resistance fracturing liquid of a series of high-density.
A kind of high-density of the present invention is hanged down the frictional resistance fracturing liquid, and its component and weight percent are as follows:
Weighting agent: 20-46.5%,
Thickening material: 0.4-0.6%,
Cleanup additive: 0.4-1.0%,
PH adjusting agent: 0.1-0.3%,
Sterilant: 0.1-0.3%,
Clay stabilizer: 0.5-1.0%,
Temperature stabilising agent: 0.5-1.0%,
All the other are water.
Described weighting agent is SODIUMNITRATE, and is actual according to mining site, generally prepares 20-46.5% and can satisfy the demand, density 1.16-1.35 g/cm
3
Described thickening material is hydroxypropyl guar gum, and performance should satisfy the vegetable jelly current techique requirement of oil ministerial standard SY/T5764-2007 pressure break.The hydroxypropyl guar gum optimum weight ratio is 0.4-0.6%.
Described cleanup additive is the Gemini tensio-active agent, two (tetradecyl dimethyl) chlorine/brometo de amonios of ethylene group, and best operating weight compares 0.4-1.0%.Structural formula is as follows;
The low frictional resistance fracturing liquid of high-density of the present invention is alkaline fracturing liquid, and its pH adjusting agent is Na
2CO
3, weight ratio is 0.1-0.3%, the pH value is 10.0-12.0.
Described sterilant is Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, its weight ratio 0.1-0.3%.
Described clay stabilizer is a kind of polyquaternium, its weight ratio 0.5-1.0%.Structure is as follows:
The preparation process of this polyquaternium is as follows: take ammonium persulphate and S-WAT as initiator, take epoxy chloropropane, dimethylamine as raw material in 65 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control reactive polymeric 5 hours, acetone precipitation is separated out and is obtained (Xie Changyu etc., the development of resistance to erosion, long-acting polyquaternary amine type cationic clay stablizer, petrochemical complex is used, the 3rd phase of the 27th volume, in June, 2008).
Described temperature stabilising agent is the mixture (being called for short the organic amine mixture) that trolamine, methyl alcohol and Tween-20 form, its weight ratio 0.5-1.0%.
The of the fracturing fluid linking agent of the present invention is borate or organic boron zirconium complex, can be crosslinked with vicinal hydroxyl groups generation in the polygalactomannan, and crosslinked weight ratio is: 100 compare 0.4-1.0.
The of the fracturing fluid gel breaker of the present invention is capsulated ammonium persulphate or Potassium Persulphate, is added by the gel breaker quantitative adding device through truck-mounted blender in practice of construction, and the weight ratio of adding is 0.02-0.05%.
Weighted fracture fluid system of the present invention, through experiment test, over-all properties is as follows:
(1) fracturing liquid density is adjustable, and under 20 ℃, density reaches as high as 1.35 g/cm
3
(2) with low cost, by 1.35 g/cm
3The maximum density preparation is than the low 3500-4000 unit/m of equal densities bromine salt weighted fracture fluid price
3
(3) weighting agent and other additive compatiblenesies are good, do not affect of the fracturing fluid crosslinked and broken glue;
(4) have the delay cross linking characteristic, delay cross linking time 180-720s, crosslinking time is adjustable;
(5) rheological property is good, base fluid viscosity 60-85mPa.s.Crosslinked rear frozen glue viscosity is in 150 ℃, 170s
-1After shearing 7200s, viscosity remains on more than 180 mPa.s;
(6) the static test leakoff coefficent is
；
(7) to core damage rate 19.6-26.5%;
(8) through the circulating device friction test, fracturing liquid frictional resistance of the present invention is the 35-56% of clear water frictional resistance under the same terms.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1) low price only is about 1/8th to 1/10th of bromine salt weighting agent fracturing liquid price; (2) the weighting agent SODIUMNITRATE can not affect the cross-linking properties of guar gum fracturing fluid, does not change system flow stance index n value, consistency index K value; (3) do not affect of the fracturing fluid broken glue, little to formation damage.
Description of drawings
Test flow curve when Fig. 1 is 120 ℃ of the fracturing liquids of embodiment 2 preparation
Test flow curve when Fig. 2 is 150 ℃ of the fracturing liquids of embodiment 3 preparation
Embodiment
(1) (density is 1.16g/cm to fracturing liquid prescription one of the present invention
3)
Weighting agent SODIUMNITRATE weight ratio: 20%
Thickening material hydroxypropyl guar gum weight ratio: 0.50%
Cleanup additive Gemini surface active agent weight ratio: 0.5%,
PH adjusting agent Na
2CO
3Weight ratio: 0.1%
Sterilant Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride weight ratio: 0.15%
Clay stabilizer polyquaternium weight ratio: 0.5%
Temperature stabilising agent is the mixture weight ratio that trolamine, methyl alcohol and Tween-20 form: 0.5%
Water: 77.75%.
(2) preparation of the above-mentioned prescription weighted fracture fluid of 1000g
In the waring agitator, add entry 777.5g, add again SODIUMNITRATE 200g, start agitator and fully dissolve by it; Constantly stir the lower thickening material hydroxypropyl guar gum 5.0g that adds, after the swelling 30min thickening, add successively yellow soda ash 1g, sterilant Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 1.5g, clay stabilizer polyquaternium 5.0g, the mixture 5.0g that temperature stabilising agent trolamine, methyl alcohol and Tween-20 form, cleanup additive Gemini surface active agent 5.0g forms the homogeneous thick liquid.
(3) fracturing liquid performance index
Use the fracturing liquid base fluid of embodiment 1 formulated, its density is 1.16g/cm
3, base fluid viscosity 66mPa.s, pH value 11.0.Adopt the organic borate cross-linker of crosslinked weight ratio 100:0.5 crosslinked, frozen glue is at 170s
-1, 160 ℃ more than the initial viscosity 550mPa.s, shear 120min after viscosity keep 100mPa.s; Delay cross linking time 280-330s; The static test leakoff coefficent is
To core damage rate 22.1%; Circulating device friction test in the time of 90 ℃, conversion 4.5m
3Be 46% of clear water frictional resistance under/min, the 88.9mm caliber.Adopt ammonium persulphate as gel breaker, gel breaker dosage weight ratio 0.03%(300ppm) time, the breaking glue solution viscosity is less than 5 mPa.s behind the 240min, and thoroughly aquation is broken glue.
(1) (density is 1.30g/cm to fracturing liquid prescription two of the present invention
3)
Weighting agent SODIUMNITRATE weight ratio: 40%
Thickening material hydroxypropyl guar gum weight ratio: 0.52%
Cleanup additive Gemini surface active agent weight ratio: 0.5%,
PH adjusting agent Na
2CO
3Weight ratio: 0.1%
Sterilant Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride weight ratio: 0.15%
Clay stabilizer polyquaternium weight ratio: 0.5%
The mixture weight ratio that temperature stabilising agent trolamine, methyl alcohol and Tween-20 form: 0.5%
Water: 57.73%.
(2) preparation of the above-mentioned prescription weighted fracture fluid of 1000g
In the waring agitator, add entry 577.3g, add again SODIUMNITRATE 400g, start agitator and fully dissolve by it; Constantly stir the lower thickening material hydroxypropyl guar gum 5.2g that adds, after the swelling 30min thickening, add successively yellow soda ash 1.0g, sterilant Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 1.5g, clay stabilizer polyquaternium 5.0g, the mixture 5.0g that temperature stabilising agent trolamine, methyl alcohol and Tween-20 form, cleanup additive Gemini surface active agent 5.0g forms the homogeneous thick liquid.
(3) fracturing liquid performance index
Use the fracturing liquid base fluid of embodiment 2 formulated, its density is 1.30g/cm
3, base fluid viscosity 73mPa.s, pH value 11.0.The static test leakoff coefficent is
To core damage rate 23.9%; Circulating device friction test in the time of 90 ℃, conversion 4.5m
3Be 48.9% of clear water frictional resistance under/min, the 88.9mm caliber.Adopt ammonium persulphate as gel breaker, gel breaker dosage weight ratio 0.05%(500ppm) time, the breaking glue solution viscosity is less than 5 mPa.s behind the 240min, and thoroughly aquation is broken glue.
120 ℃ of flow curves of this fracturing liquid are seen Fig. 1.The employing organic borate cross-linker is crosslinked, and crosslinked weight ratio is 100:0.55, and as seen from the figure, crosslinked rear frozen glue is at 170s
-1, 120 ℃ of initial viscosities reach more than the 700mPa.s, shear 120min after viscosity keep 120mPa.s, delay cross linking time 360-420s.Illustrate that this fracturing fluid system has the very strong grittiness energy of taking, keep long time of lag simultaneously, effectively reduce the frictional resistance that flows.
Embodiment 3
(1) (density is 1.35g/cm to fracturing liquid prescription three of the present invention
3)
Weighting agent SODIUMNITRATE weight ratio: 46.5%
Thickening material hydroxypropyl guar gum weight ratio: 0.55%
Cleanup additive Gemini surface active agent weight ratio: 1.0%,
PH adjusting agent Na
2CO
3Weight ratio: 0.15%
Sterilant Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride weight ratio: 0.15%
Clay stabilizer polyquaternium weight ratio: 1.0%
Temperature stabilising agent organic amine mixture weight ratio: 1.0%
Water: 49.65%.
(2) preparation of the above-mentioned prescription weighted fracture fluid of 1000g
In the waring agitator, add entry 496.5g, add again SODIUMNITRATE 465g, start agitator and fully dissolve by it; Constantly stir the lower thickening material hydroxypropyl guar gum 5.5g that adds, after the swelling 30min thickening, add successively yellow soda ash 1.5g, sterilant Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 1.5g, clay stabilizer polyquaternium 10.0g, the mixture 10.0g that temperature stabilising agent trolamine, methyl alcohol and Tween-20 form, cleanup additive Gemini surface active agent 10.0g forms the homogeneous thick liquid.
(3) fracturing liquid performance index
Use the fracturing liquid base fluid of embodiment 3 formulated, its density is 1.16g/cm
3, base fluid viscosity 66mPa.s, pH value 12.0; The static test leakoff coefficent is
To core damage rate 22.1%; Circulating device friction test in the time of 90 ℃, conversion 4.5m
3Be 51.4% of clear water frictional resistance under/min, the 88.9mm caliber.Adopt ammonium persulphate as gel breaker, gel breaker dosage weight ratio 0.05%(500ppm) time, the breaking glue solution viscosity is less than 5mPa.s behind the 240min, and thoroughly aquation is broken glue.
150 ℃ of flow curves of this fracturing liquid are seen Fig. 2.As seen from the figure, adopt organic borate cross-linker crosslinked, crosslinked weight ratio is 100:0.6, and as seen from the figure, crosslinked rear frozen glue is at 170s
-1, 150 ℃ of initial viscosities reach more than the 850mPa.s, shear 120min after viscosity keep 180mPa.s, delay cross linking time 360-450s.Illustrate that this fracturing liquid ties up under the higher temperature, still keep the rheology of friendship and take the grittiness energy, keep long time of lag simultaneously, effectively reduce the frictional resistance that flows.
Claims (1)
1. a high-density is hanged down the frictional resistance fracturing liquid, and its component and weight percent are as follows:
Weighting agent SODIUMNITRATE: 20-46.5%,
Thickening material hydroxypropyl guar gum: 0.4-0.6%,
Two (tetradecyl dimethyl) chlorine/brometo de amonio: the 0.4-1.0% of cleanup additive ethylene group,
PH adjusting agent Na
2CO
3: 0.1-0.3%,
Sterilant Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide: 0.1-0.3%,
Clay stabilizer polyquaternium: 0.5-1.0%,
Temperature stabilising agent organic amine mixture: 0.5-1.0%,
All the other are water;
Described clay stabilizer polyquaternium is prepared as follows: take ammonium persulphate and S-WAT as initiator, take epoxy chloropropane, dimethylamine as raw material in 65 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control reactive polymeric 5 hours, acetone precipitation is separated out and is obtained;
Described temperature stabilising agent organic amine mixture is the mixture that trolamine, methyl alcohol and Tween-20 form.
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| US4780221A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1988-10-25 | Halliburton Company | Method and composition for viscosifying hydrocarbons |
| US7216704B2 (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2007-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods and compositions for breaking viscosified fluids |
| CN1277897C (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-10-04 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Deep compact gas pool fracturing liquid |
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| CN102226080B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-06-19 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Breakdown fluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN102329602A (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2012-01-25 | 西安长庆化工集团有限公司 | Ultralow-concentration fracturing fluid and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104927830A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-23 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 | Waterproof lock fracturing fluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104927830B (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2017-11-24 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 | Waterproof lock fracturing fluid and preparation method thereof |
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