CN109231479B - Control method for stable operation of all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under low-temperature and ultralow-temperature working conditions and working conditions from low temperature to normal temperature - Google Patents
Control method for stable operation of all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under low-temperature and ultralow-temperature working conditions and working conditions from low temperature to normal temperature Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A control method for the stable operation of an all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under low-temperature and ultralow-temperature working conditions and under the working condition of converting the low temperature to normal temperature belongs to the field of urban sewage treatment and recycling, and aims to solve the problems of the prior urban domestic sewage continuous flow phosphorus removal process: the anaerobic and aerobic AO biological phosphorus removal process is unstable in operation, and the expansion and collapse are caused by temperature change; the phosphorus concentration of the effluent of the anaerobic anoxic and aerobic AAO biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process does not reach the standard and auxiliary chemical phosphorus removal is needed. The method can achieve the long-term stable operation of the low-temperature working condition of the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban sewage treatment and recycling, in particular to a control method for stable operation of an all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under low-temperature and ultralow-temperature working conditions and under working conditions of low temperature to normal temperature.
Background
The traditional anaerobic-aerobic AO biological phosphorus removal process is difficult to operate stably at a low temperature of 14-18 ℃, and the main reason is that under the anaerobic-aerobic high aeration condition, nitrogen elements contained in inlet water are oxidized into high-valence nitrate nitrogen-N6 +, S elements contained in the inlet water are oxidized into high-valence S6+ due to anaerobic fermentation, and the sulfur bacterial expansion often occurs in the short-sludge-age biological phosphorus removal process. Under the condition of long sludge age, nitrate nitrogen can inhibit the propagation of the filathiobacillus, but in the presence of the nitrate nitrogen, denitrifying bacteria in an anaerobic section compete for a carbon source with phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the denitrifying bacteria have competitive advantages compared with the phosphorus accumulating bacteria. The result is: the phosphorus removal function is deteriorated when the sludge is long (10-20 days), the sludge is short (less than 8 days), S6+ replaces N6+ to be used as an electron acceptor, and the sludge bulking caused by the thiobacillus is generated in the reactor.
The whole biological phosphorus removal AOO process which is being patented is an upgrade of the traditional anaerobic and aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process, can realize quick start and stable operation on the low-load 0.5CODg/g municipal domestic sewage treatment, has the advantages of not requiring the proportion of inlet water nitrogen and phosphorus, and can completely realize biological phosphorus removal to reach the national first-class A standard without chemical auxiliary phosphorus removal compared with the denitrification phosphorus removal process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
the invention provides a control method for maintaining stable operation of an AOO (argon oxygen decarburization) total biological phosphorus removal process under the working conditions of low temperature (14-18 ℃), ultralow temperature (10-14 ℃) and low temperature of 18 ℃ to normal temperature of 20 ℃ aiming at urban domestic sewage treatment.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a control method for the stable operation of an all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of low temperature and ultralow temperature and the working condition of converting the low temperature to the normal temperature, wherein the control method for the stable operation of the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of the low temperature and the ultralow temperature is used as a control index; the control method for the stable operation of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the transition working condition from low temperature to normal temperature is a 3-step control method, and the low-temperature section control index is adjusted to the normal-temperature control index for transition.
Preferably, the control indexes of the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process in stable operation under the low-temperature working condition are as follows:
(1) the sludge concentration is 3-4 g/L;
(2) the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic first section is 0.3-0.7 mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time is 0.7-1 h;
(3) the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic middle section and the aerobic tail section is 0.7-1.6 mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time is 1.5-2 h;
(4) the sludge age is 7-8 days;
(5) the reflux ratio is 60 to 75 percent;
(6) the retention time of the sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank is below 6.25 h.
Preferably, the control indexes of the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process in stable operation under the ultralow temperature working condition are as follows: and (3) periodically adding sludge to maintain the sludge concentration at 3-4 g/L.
Further preferably, the method for adding the sludge comprises the following steps: when the temperature is reduced to 13 ℃ of the node temperature, the sludge is added into the anaerobic section of the reactor, the volume of the added sludge is 1/5 of the volume of the anaerobic section, the adding frequency is once for 15 days, and the added sludge is the residual activated sludge collected and stored under the low-temperature working condition.
Preferably, the 3-step control method for stably operating the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working condition of low-temperature-to-normal-temperature transition comprises the following steps of:
(1) controlling and adjusting the sludge concentration index, and gradually increasing sludge discharge to enable the sludge concentration index to reach 1.5-1.8 g/L of sludge concentration in normal-temperature stable operation;
(2) controlling and adjusting the reflux ratio index, and once adjusting the high reflux ratio index to 50-60% of the reflux ratio index of the stable operation at the normal temperature of 20 ℃ when the temperature is increased to 18 ℃ of the node;
(3) and controlling and adjusting the sludge age index, and shortening the sludge age index to 5-6 days when the temperature is increased to 18 ℃ of the node.
Preferably, the temperature range of the low-temperature working condition is 14-18 ℃, the temperature range of the ultralow-temperature working condition is 10-14 ℃, and the low-temperature to normal-temperature transition working condition is that the temperature is 18 ℃ to 20 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
(1) by adopting the control index of the invention, the long-term stable operation of the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of low temperature and ultralow temperature can be achieved;
(2) tests show that the sludge discharge rate except for normal sludge discharge under normal temperature conditions is related to the DO concentration and the specific growth rate of microorganisms in the reactor under normal temperature conditions, and the additional sludge discharge rate needs to be smaller than the slope of a curve of the DO concentration and the specific growth rate of the microorganisms in the reactor. The sludge concentration index reaches 1.5-1.8 g/L of sludge concentration in normal-temperature stable operation by controlling and adjusting the sludge discharge rate, and stable transition of sludge concentration under the working condition of converting the low temperature to 18 ℃ to the normal temperature to 20 ℃ can be realized. The stable transition of the working condition of converting the low temperature to the normal temperature of 20 ℃ can be realized by strictly controlling and adjusting the sludge concentration index, the reflux ratio index and the sludge age index, and keeping other operation indexes consistent with the low temperature working condition index.
(3) By adopting the control method, the DO concentration (average 1mg/L) of the aerobic section is 50 percent lower than the DO concentration (average 2mg/L) of the AO process, so that the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process can save 50 percent of aeration quantity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an experimental apparatus of an AOO process reactor for total biological phosphorus removal according to the present invention;
wherein, 1 is stirring; 2, water inflow; 3, refluxing; 4 is the on-line pH; 5 is online ORP; 6 is online DO; 7 is an online sludge concentration meter; 8 is an overflow port; 9 is an anaerobic section; 10 is an aerobic first section; 11 is an aerobic middle section; 12 is an aerobic end section; 13 is a sedimentation tank.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the growth rate change of heterotrophic bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria in summer;
wherein Ns is the pollutant removal load; DO is the dissolved oxygen concentration; t is the temperature; μ is the specific growth rate; FLO is the flocculent bacteria growth curve; FIO is a growth curve of the filamentous fungi; PAO is the growth curve of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the growth rate change of heterotrophic bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria in winter;
wherein Ns is the pollutant removal load; DO is the dissolved oxygen concentration; t is the temperature; μ is the specific growth rate; FLO is the flocculent bacteria growth curve; FIO is a growth curve of the filamentous fungi; PAO is the growth curve of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The test uses domestic sewage in a certain community as basic water, and the specific water quality is as follows: 300-400 mg/L of COD and NH4+-N＝55～85mg/L，NO2--N≤0.25mg/L，NO3--N≤1.5mg/L，TP＝6～7mg/L，pH＝7.0～8.5。
Example 1
The reactor is in the form of a continuous flow baffle AO reactor, and is respectively provided with an anaerobic section, an aerobic first section, an aerobic middle section and an aerobic final section, referring to the attached figure 1.
The anaerobic section is provided with a stirrer.
The anaerobic section, the aerobic first section, the aerobic middle section and the bottom of the aerobic final section are all provided with microporous aeration heads, and the aeration quantity is controlled by a gas flowmeter.
Anaerobic zone volume: the total volume of the reactor was 1: 3.3.
The volume of the aerobic first section is as follows: the total volume ratio of the aerobic sections is 1: 3.3.
The control method for the stable operation of the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working condition of ultralow temperature of 10-14 ℃ comprises the following steps:
researches show that under the working condition of ultralow temperature of 10-14 ℃, the sludge growth rate is smaller than the sludge attenuation rate, the sludge concentration is reduced, the phosphorus removal effect is reduced, and in order to achieve the full-biological phosphorus removal effect, the sludge concentration index of the sludge concentration under the low-temperature working condition needs to be maintained at 3-4 g/L.
And in 12-1 month, stopping the operation of the reactor for 2 weeks due to the fault of a peristaltic pump, when the reactor is operated again, enabling the phosphorus concentration of effluent to be higher than 3mg/L and SVI to be higher than 200, adding 60L of anaerobic fermentation sludge into the reactor, wherein the anaerobic fermentation sludge is obtained by carrying out anaerobic fermentation on residual sludge discharged under a low-temperature working condition at room temperature of 16-18 ℃ by using raw water, recovering the reactor after the reactor is operated for one week, enabling the phosphorus concentration of the effluent to be lower than 0.5mg/L and SVI to be lower than 150, and obtaining a stable working condition under an ultralow-temperature condition.
When the temperature is lower than 14 ℃, the activity of anaerobic fermentation sludge is reduced, the content of volatile fatty acid required by decomposing COD in inlet water to synthesize phosphorus-accumulating bacteria to grow is reduced, the growth rate of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria is further caused to be smaller than that of filamentous bacteria, sludge in a reactor expands, the ss of outlet water is increased, and the removal rate of total phosphorus is reduced.
After the anaerobic fermentation sludge is added, the content of anaerobic fermentation bacteria in the reactor is increased, the growth of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria symbiotic with the anaerobic fermentation bacteria is promoted, the balance of strains in the reactor is more favorable compared with the direct addition of volatile fatty acid, the added anaerobic fermentation sludge is favorable for the close embedding of sludge flocs, and the content of the effluent ss is quickly reduced.
Example 2
The control method for the transition working condition stable operation of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process from the low temperature of 18 ℃ to the normal temperature of 20 ℃ comprises the following steps:
the reactor type and the quality of the feed water were the same as in example 1.
In spring 3, middle ten days to 4 months, the reaction temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the following steps are adopted to control the reactor to transit stably.
(1) Design the inflow of water
The reactor still operates at the low-temperature low-load design flow rate, the design flow rate of the reactor is 157L/h according to calculation, and the actual operation adopts 150L/h.
(2) Adjusting sludge load
In spring, the COD concentration of inlet water is reduced to 300mg/L at the low point, however, the activity of sludge in the reactor is gradually enhanced along with the gradual increase of the temperature, the sludge load is maintained to be 0.45-0.5 CODg/g at the low temperature of 14-18 ℃, the sludge concentration is reduced through sludge discharge in the stage, and the sludge load is gradually increased to operate within the range of 0.5-0.7 CODg/g.
(3) Sludge concentration control
According to the specific growth rate and DO concentration growth curve of the microorganisms drawn under the actual working condition of 20-25 ℃ at normal temperature, the additional sludge discharge amount except the normal sludge discharge amount in a single day is determined to be less than 144g/d, the sludge discharge amount is gradually increased every day by controlling the sludge level of the secondary sedimentation tank, and the sludge concentration in the reactor is reduced to 1.5-1.8 g/L within 3 days.
(4) Controlling backflow
Immediately reducing the reflux after the sludge concentration is reduced to 1.5-1.8 g/L, controlling the reflux ratio to be 50%, and adopting 30% of reflux ratio when SVI is reduced to be below 100.
(5) Controlling sludge age
And (3) adjusting the automatic sludge discharge device while reducing the reflux ratio, and controlling the sludge age to operate within the range of 5-6 days. During debugging, the reactor can still ensure 95 percent of phosphorus treatment rate, and after the steps are adopted, the reactor is successfully transited after running 2 sludge ages.
Tests show that the sludge discharge rate except for normal sludge discharge under normal temperature conditions is related to the DO concentration and the specific growth rate of microorganisms in the reactor under normal temperature conditions, and the additional sludge discharge rate needs to be smaller than the slope of a curve of the DO concentration and the specific growth rate of the microorganisms in the reactor. The sludge concentration index reaches 1.5-1.8 g/L of sludge concentration in normal-temperature stable operation by controlling and adjusting the sludge discharge rate, and stable transition of sludge concentration under the working condition of converting the low temperature to 18 ℃ to the normal temperature to 20 ℃ can be realized.
Example 3
Adjusting the sludge concentration and the dissolved oxygen concentration:
the growth rate of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria is obtained according to a rate reference document, the growth rate of heterotrophic bacteria (filamentous bacteria and flocculent bacteria) is obtained by calculating a reactor, the load is controlled to be 0.5 in winter and 0.42 in summer, the specific growth rate of microorganisms is influenced by the dissolved oxygen content (DO) under the stable operation condition drawn by referring to the mono equation under the assumption that the water inlet load Ns is stabilized to be 0.5. As shown in figure 2, flocculent bacteria have growth advantage under the condition of DO 2mg/L and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria with DO concentration below 0.5mg/L under the condition of normal temperature in summer at 18-22 ℃. As shown in figure 3, under the conditions of 10-15 ℃ and low temperature in winter and DO 2mg/L, the filamentous fungi have growth advantages; the phosphorus accumulating bacteria still have growth advantages and the flocculent bacteria also have weak growth advantages when the DO concentration is less than 0.5 mg/L; DO of 0.5mg/L can inhibit nitrite oxidizing bacteria from oxidizing nitrite to generate nitrate, under the condition of neutral pH, the oxidation-reduction potentials of nitrate and sulfate are close, and low dissolved oxygen can also inhibit the oxidation of intracellular sulfur granules by the thiomyces to generate sulfuric acid. The slow biodegradable substance is difficult to degrade in the section, and the aerobic first section limits dissolved oxygen to realize the separation of the fast biodegradable substance from sulfate oxidation. The growth of the polyphosphate bacteria is not inhibited under the condition of DO 0.5 mg/L.
Under the condition of low-temperature sludge malignant expansion, the sludge in the reactor is lost, and the biological phosphorus removal capability is lost. Dissolved oxygen in the reactor is lower than 0.3mg/L because filamentous bacteria excessively grow, a biomembrane is added in the aerobic first section, high aeration is controlled, the dissolved oxygen is promoted to 1mg/L, a microenvironment of the biomembrane can form a longer biological chain, a large amount of sludge is enriched, the sludge concentration of the reactor after the biomembrane is added for one week is respectively 2.1mg/L in the anaerobic section, 2.2mg/L in the aerobic first section, 2.0mg/L in the aerobic middle section and 2.0mg/L in the aerobic final section. Sludge expansion is controlled, SVI is reduced, sludge is not lost, the sludge surface is reduced, effluent is clear, and after the biofilm is taken down, the aerobic first section is adopted to limit dissolved oxygen to be 0.3< DO <0.5 mg/L. After two weeks the phosphorus removal activity was completely restored. Under the condition of low temperature, the aeration is only improved without adding a biological film in the aerobic first section, and as a result, the sludge expansion continues to deteriorate. The growth speed of filamentous bacteria exceeds that of flocculent bacteria without a microenvironment of a biological membrane, SVI is difficult to reduce, and the sludge concentration is continuously reduced after the operation for one week. The sludge is seriously lost along with the effluent. It is difficult to enrich the sludge concentration. It can be seen that the biofilm addition in the aerobic primary stage has 3 points in inhibiting sludge bulking: (1) a microenvironment with dissolved oxygen gradient and a long biological chain can adsorb and remove a part of filamentous bacteria, (2) the concentration of the aerobic first-stage sludge is enriched. (3) Rapidly lowering the rapidly biodegradable substrate preventing it from moving towards the rear end high aeration.
Claims (4)
1. A control method for the stable operation of the whole biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of low temperature, ultralow temperature and low temperature to normal temperature is characterized in that the control method for the stable operation of the whole biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of low temperature and ultralow temperature is a control index method; the control method for the stable operation of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the transition working condition from low temperature to normal temperature is a 3-step control method, and the low-temperature section control index is adjusted to the normal-temperature control index for transition;
the control indexes of the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process for stably running under the low-temperature working condition are as follows:
(1) the sludge concentration is 3-4 g/L;
(2) the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic first section is 0.3-0.7 mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time is 0.7-1 h;
(3) the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic middle section and the aerobic tail section is 0.7-1.6 mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time is 1.5-2 h;
(4) the sludge age is 7-8 days;
(5) the reflux ratio is 60 to 75 percent;
(6) the retention time of the sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank is below 6.25 hours;
the 3-step control method for stably operating the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working condition of low-temperature-to-normal-temperature transition comprises the following steps of:
(1) controlling and adjusting the sludge concentration index, and gradually increasing sludge discharge to enable the sludge concentration index to reach 1.5-1.8 g/L of sludge concentration in normal-temperature stable operation;
(2) controlling and adjusting the reflux ratio index, and adjusting the reflux ratio index to 50-60% when the temperature is increased to 18 ℃ of a node;
(3) and controlling and adjusting the sludge age index, and shortening the sludge age index to 5-6 days when the temperature is increased to 18 ℃ of the node.
2. The method for controlling the stable operation of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of low temperature, ultralow temperature and low temperature to normal temperature according to claim 1, wherein the control indexes of the stable operation of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of ultralow temperature are as follows: and (3) periodically adding sludge to maintain the sludge concentration at 3-4 g/L.
3. The method for controlling the stable operation of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the working conditions of low temperature, ultralow temperature and low temperature to normal temperature according to claim 2, wherein the method for adding the sludge comprises the following steps: when the temperature is reduced to 13 ℃ of the node temperature, the sludge is added into the anaerobic section of the reactor, the volume of the added sludge is 1/5 of the volume of the anaerobic section, the adding frequency is once for 15 days, and the added sludge is the residual activated sludge collected and stored under the low-temperature working condition.
4. The method for controlling the stable operation of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process under the low temperature, the ultralow temperature and the low-to-normal temperature conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature range of the low temperature condition is 14 to 18 ℃, the temperature range of the ultralow temperature condition is 10 to 14 ℃, and the low-to-normal temperature transition condition is 18 ℃ to 20 ℃.
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