CN109228778B - Method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics - Google Patents
Method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics Download PDFInfo
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- CN109228778B CN109228778B CN201811044914.2A CN201811044914A CN109228778B CN 109228778 B CN109228778 B CN 109228778B CN 201811044914 A CN201811044914 A CN 201811044914A CN 109228778 B CN109228778 B CN 109228778B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics, which comprises the following steps: punching a connecting hole on the section to be bonded of the silicate cultural relic; injecting a bonding material into the connecting hole and/or coating the surface of the siliceous fiber column with the bonding material; and coating an adhesive material on the to-be-bonded section of the silicate cultural relic, inserting the siliceous fiber column into the connecting hole, butting the to-be-bonded sections of the silicate cultural relic, and bonding the sections.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultural relic protection, in particular to a novel repairing and bonding technology of silicate cultural relics, which mainly utilizes a siliceous fiber material with similar performance to the silicate cultural relics as a connecting column and applies a bonding material to perform repairing and bonding on a section.
Background
The silicate cultural relics are important carriers in history, culture, art and society, the development process of Chinese civilization is proved, the invention and the progress of the technology are reflected, the clever intelligence of Chinese nationality is condensed, and irreplaceable important functions are realized. Silicate cultural relics are important components of cultural heritages in China, mainly comprise stone cultural relics, soil cultural relics, tiles, ceramics, colored glaze and the like, are large in quantity and wide in distribution range, and are related to the famous Chinese world cultural heritages such as Shanxi Qin first Huang Ling army soldiers, Gansu Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Henan Luoyang Longshan Grottoes, Hubei Wudangshan ancient building groups and the like.
The fragile silicate cultural relics have poor environmental erosion resistance, are subject to continuous damage and erosion caused by factors such as buried soil, environmental weathering and the like, are easy to change or easily change, and have very severe protection situation. Regarding the most typical fracture and crack of silicate cultural relics, taking the pottery cultural relics discharged from the Bombycis of emperor Ling of the world cultural heritage as an example, the pottery cultural relics of Qin warriors are buried underground for years, are deeply pressed and damaged by heavy soil and the like, are broken fragments when being discharged, lose the original wind mining and influence the extremely high artistic and scientific values, and therefore effective and scientific bonding repair is needed to restore the original appearance.
In the research of bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics such as ceramic ware cultural relics, stone cultural relics, tiles, colored glaze and the like, a great number of reports mainly focus on selection and performance evaluation of bonding materials and research and development and updating of materials, novel organic bonding materials continuously emerge, the organic silicon resins such as novel epoxy resin, acrylic resin, organic fluorine polymer, polysiloxane and the like, various composite materials and the like are included, the ageing resistance of the organic bonding materials is the fatal defect, and after the organic bonding materials are applied to bonding and repairing of silicate cultural relics, the failure prediction of bonding becomes the problem which is difficult to overcome at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention is directed to provide a novel method for preventing damage such as adhesive failure due to aging of currently used adhesive materials, and fracture cracking of the cultural relics again.
The method for repairing the bonding of the silicate cultural relics comprises the following steps: punching a connecting hole on the section to be bonded of the silicate cultural relic; injecting a bonding material into the connecting hole and/or coating the surface of the siliceous fiber column with the bonding material; and coating an adhesive material on the to-be-bonded section of the silicate cultural relic, inserting the siliceous fiber column into the connecting hole, butting the to-be-bonded sections of the silicate cultural relic, and bonding the sections.
According to the invention, the siliceous fiber material with performance similar to that of the silicate cultural relics is used as the section connecting column, and the bonding material is adopted for bonding the sections, so that the damage effect that the cultural relics cannot be estimated due to bonding failure, secondary fracture and cracking of the silicate cultural relics and the like caused by aging of the bonding material can be prevented under the action of double bonding effects. And moreover, the siliceous fiber column material with similar performance to the silicate cultural relics is adopted, so that the problem that the expansibility of the fiber column and the cultural relic body is not matched under different environmental conditions after bonding and repairing can be relieved or solved.
Preferably, the number of the connecting holes on each section is more than two.
Preferably, the shape of the connection hole is cylindrical, threaded, inverted conical, etc., wherein the inverted conical shape is preferred.
In the present invention, the material of the silica fiber column may be glass, quartz, or the like.
Preferably, the surface of the siliceous fiber column is coated with a coupling agent, preferably a silane coupling agent.
Preferably, the adhesive material is an organic, inorganic or organic-inorganic composite adhesive material, preferably at least one of an acrylic resin and an epoxy resin.
Preferably, before the adhesive material is coated, the surface of the connecting hole and/or the section of the cultural relic to be adhered is subjected to surface treatment by using phosphoric acid solution with the concentration of lower than 35 percent.
In the invention, the silicate cultural relics can be stone cultural relics, ceramic cultural relics, tiles, ancient building colored glaze and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view illustrating a bonding repair of a fractured ceramic simulation sample block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view and a comparative view of the adhesion effect in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
Description of the symbols:
1. a simulated ceramic sample to be bonded;
2. the section of the sample to be bonded;
3. connecting holes;
4. connecting columns.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive.
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is to provide a novel repairing and bonding technology for silicate cultural relics, which specifically utilizes a siliceous fiber material with performance similar to that of the silicate cultural relics as a section connecting column, and simultaneously adopts a bonding material to carry out section bonding repair technology, so that under the action of double bonding effects, a novel method is provided for preventing the cultural relics from being incapable of estimating destructive action caused by bonding failure, secondary fracture and cracking of the silicate cultural relics and the like due to aging of the bonding material used at present.
In the present invention, silicate cultural relics to be bonded and repaired include, but are not limited to, stone cultural relics, ceramic cultural relics, tiles, ancient building glazes, and the like.
Firstly, the surface of the silicate cultural relic to be bonded can be cleaned, dried and dried. The surface cleaning method may be, for example, water cleaning, laser cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, high-pressure steam cleaning, or the like.
And dividing the positions of the connecting columns to be connected at the section of the silicate cultural relic, and determining the number, the positions, the hole shapes, the depths and the like of the connecting holes.
The number and position of the connection holes can be selected according to the type of the cultural relic, the weight and the like. Generally speaking, the number of the connecting holes on each section can be more than two, so that the connecting columns can be bonded through more than two connecting columns, and the bonding force is stronger. The position of the connecting hole may be, for example, three-point, four-point, six-point, or the like, which is symmetrical.
The shape of the connecting hole can be, for example, a cylinder, a thread, an inverted cone, etc., wherein the inverted cone is preferred, and the structure with a small top and a large bottom can make the combination between the connecting hole and the connecting column more stable.
The depth and the maximum diameter of the connecting hole are suitable for not excessively damaging silicate cultural relics and enabling the connecting column to be effectively inserted, and can be selected according to the type and the weight of the cultural relics. In one embodiment, the deeper the depth of the connection hole, the better the bonding stability, within an allowable range.
And punching at each section needing to be bonded according to the determined connecting hole. The drilling method may be, for example, a dental drill or the like. After punching, the holes and the fracture surface are cleaned.
The cleaned holes and the fracture surfaces can be subjected to surface treatment by using solutions such as low-concentration phosphoric acid and the like to roughen the connecting holes and the to-be-bonded sections of the cultural relics, so that the bonding strength between the to-be-bonded sections of the cultural relics and the siliceous fiber column material and the bonding material is respectively improved.
The connecting column adopts a siliceous fiber column material with similar performance to the silicate cultural relics, so that the problem that the expansibility of the fiber column and the cultural relic body is not matched under different environmental conditions after bonding repair can be relieved or solved. Siliceous fibrous column material refers to a silica-rich fibrous material. The siliceous fiber column material component can be glass or quartz, etc.
The shape and size of the connecting column must be consistent with the connecting hole, and the convex structure of the connecting column is ensured to be completely matched with the concave structure of the connecting hole, so that the combination tightness of the convex structure and the concave structure is ensured.
The siliceous fiber column material of the connecting column and the adhesive materials commonly used at present, such as acrylic resin and the like, are difficult to form copolymerization combination, and in order to improve the retention force, the surface of the connecting column can be coated with a coupling agent, thereby improving the adhesive property of the siliceous fiber, the cultural relic body and the adhesive materials and greatly improving the adhesive strength. The coupling agent may be a silane coupling agent, and may be, for example, a vinyl silane, a methacryloxy silane, or the like.
Before inserting the connection post into the connection hole, an adhesive material may be injected into the connection hole. Additionally or alternatively, the surface of the connecting column can also be coated with an adhesive material. The adhesive material can be selected from epoxy resin, acrylic resin, organic fluorine polymer, silicone resin such as polysiloxane, various composite materials and the like.
And coating a bonding material on the fracture bonding surface of the silicate cultural relic. The application of the adhesive material to the fractured adhesive surface of the silicate cultural relic is carried out before the insertion of the connecting column. The coated bonding material can be selected according to the strength of the silicate cultural relic body, for example, materials such as acrylate and epoxy resin can be selected, and the principle of selection is that the strength of the bonding fracture surface is similar to or consistent with that of the cultural relic body.
Then, the connecting column is simultaneously inserted into the connecting holes of the two cultural relics to be bonded, and the two fracture surfaces to be bonded are butted at the same time, so that the connecting column, the hole wall and the fracture surfaces can be completely filled and firmly combined.
And removing the redundant bonding material around to avoid influencing other parts.
The obtained adhesive has excellent flexural strength, toughness and aging resistance, for example, the flexural strength is not obviously reduced after the adhesive is thermally aged for 14 days at the temperature of 200 ℃ and irradiated under an ultraviolet lamp for 20 days.
The novel repairing and bonding technology for the silicate cultural relics effectively solves the problem of bonding strength reduction caused by material aging in the process of using bonding materials only.
The invention is explained in detail according to the following detailed description and with reference to the drawings. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a self-fired ceramic mock block 1 was cut to a size of 40 × 20mm, cleaned on the surface and dried for use.
The positions of four connecting holes 3 of two sections 2 to be bonded are divided, the depth of the holes is determined to be about 8mm, and the holes are inverted cone-shaped and have the maximum diameter of about 3 mm.
And drilling and grinding the connecting hole at the section position according to requirements by adopting a dental ball drill, and removing the ceramic powder drilled and ground in the hole by adopting a high-pressure air jet head.
And (3) performing surface treatment on the surface of the connecting hole 3 and the section 2 of the cultural relic to be bonded by adopting phosphoric acid solution with the concentration lower than 35%, so as to improve the roughness of the surface to be contacted.
The silane coupling agent vinyltriethoxysilane was brushed on the surface of a glass fiber column 4 (Germany DMG) having a shape and size corresponding to the shape and size of the connecting hole using a fine brush, and irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp was selected for 20 seconds in order to accelerate curing.
And injecting the adhesive material acrylic resin (methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate copolymer) into the connecting hole 3 by using a dropping needle, and quickly brushing the adhesive material acrylic resin on the fracture surface 2 of the ceramic sample.
And (3) inserting the fiber column 4 treated by the coupling agent into the hole 3, and completely butting the fractured surface 2 of the ceramic sample to ensure that the fiber column 4, the hole wall and the fractured surface 2 can be completely filled and firmly combined.
After removing the redundant bonding materials around, fixing the bonding fracture surface, and completely curing for 24 h.
The ceramic samples with a fracture joint post and bonding material for fracture joint were tested with a universal mechanical strength tester (us Instron5566) and the samples after bonding had a flexural strength of 6.34MPa with increased toughness (see curve 1 in figure 2). No significant decrease in flexural strength was observed after heat aging at 200 ℃ for 14 days and irradiation with UV light for 20 days (see curve 2 in FIG. 2).
Comparative example 1
Self-fired ceramic mock blocks were cut, 40 × 20mm in size, surface cleaned and dried for use.
And (3) performing surface treatment on the section of the cultural relic to be bonded by adopting a phosphoric acid solution with the concentration lower than 35%, so as to improve the roughness of the contact surface.
And (3) quickly coating adhesive acrylic resin (a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate) on the fractured surface of the ceramic sample, removing the redundant adhesive around, fixing the fractured surface, and completely curing for 24 hours.
The ceramic samples with the adhesive material bonded across their cross-sections were tested using a universal mechanical strength tester (Instron 5566, USA) and the samples after bonding had a flexural strength of 4.32MPa (see Curve 3 in FIG. 2). The flexural strength, which is 1.21MPa after heat aging at 200 ℃ for 14 days and irradiation with UV light for 20 days, is clearly reduced (see curve 4 in FIG. 2).
Industrial applicability
According to the novel repairing and bonding technology for the silicate cultural relics, the siliceous material with performance similar to that of the silicate cultural relics is used as the section connecting column, and meanwhile, the repairing technology for bonding the sections by using the bonding material is adopted, so that the problem that the cultural relics cannot be subjected to estimated destructive action due to bonding failure, secondary fracture and cracking of the silicate cultural relics and the like caused by aging of the bonding material in the prior art is solved under the action of double bonding effects.
Claims (5)
1. A method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming a connecting hole for accommodating a siliceous fiber column matched with the expansibility of a cultural relic body on a to-be-bonded section of the silicate cultural relic;
injecting a bonding material into the connecting hole and coating the bonding material on the surface of the siliceous fiber column, wherein the siliceous fiber column is made of glass or quartz, the shape and the size of the siliceous fiber column are consistent with those of the connecting hole, and the convex structure of the connecting column is ensured to be completely matched with the concave structure of the connecting hole; and
coating a bonding material on the to-be-bonded section of the silicate cultural relic, inserting a siliceous fiber column into the connecting hole, butting the to-be-bonded sections of the silicate cultural relic, and bonding the sections;
the surface of the siliceous fiber column is coated with silane coupling agent of vinyl silane or methacryloxy silane and then coated with bonding material, wherein the bonding material is at least one of organic bonding material acrylic resin and epoxy resin.
2. The method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics, according to claim 1, wherein the number of the connecting holes on each section is more than two.
3. The method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics, according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the connecting hole is inverted cone-shaped.
4. The method for repairing the bonding of the silicate cultural relics, according to the claim 1, characterized in that, before the bonding material is coated, the surface treatment is carried out on the surfaces of the connecting holes and/or the sections of the cultural relics to be bonded by adopting a phosphoric acid solution with the concentration of less than 35 percent.
5. The method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics, which is claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the silicate cultural relics are stone cultural relics, ceramic cultural relics, tiles or ancient building glazes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811044914.2A CN109228778B (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2018-09-07 | Method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics |
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| CN201811044914.2A CN109228778B (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2018-09-07 | Method for bonding and repairing silicate cultural relics |
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| CN109228778A CN109228778A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109228778B true CN109228778B (en) | 2020-12-11 |
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| CN112480339B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of graphene-based epoxy copolymer for protecting silicate cultural relics |
Citations (5)
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| JP2003335584A (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-25 | Aida Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Process for joining heat-resistant substrates, ornament and its manufacturing process |
| CN102108256A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-06-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Inorganic-organic superhydrophobic nanocomposite for stone historical relics and preparation method thereof |
| CN102391013A (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2012-03-28 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method for reinforcing silicate cultural relic |
| CN203583751U (en) * | 2013-09-01 | 2014-05-07 | 张人益 | Brick |
| CN107956495A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-24 | 浙江双林古建园林工程有限公司 | A kind of stone cultural artifact anchoring process |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003335584A (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-25 | Aida Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Process for joining heat-resistant substrates, ornament and its manufacturing process |
| CN102108256A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-06-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Inorganic-organic superhydrophobic nanocomposite for stone historical relics and preparation method thereof |
| CN102391013A (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2012-03-28 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method for reinforcing silicate cultural relic |
| CN203583751U (en) * | 2013-09-01 | 2014-05-07 | 张人益 | Brick |
| CN107956495A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-24 | 浙江双林古建园林工程有限公司 | A kind of stone cultural artifact anchoring process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 李晓溪等.脆弱硅酸盐质文物保护用纳米级SiO2-丙烯酸酯复合材料的性能.《精细化工》.2011,第28卷(第10期),第945-949页. * |
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