CN109219719B - Method for treating goods of liquefied gas and storage device - Google Patents

Method for treating goods of liquefied gas and storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109219719B
CN109219719B CN201880000760.9A CN201880000760A CN109219719B CN 109219719 B CN109219719 B CN 109219719B CN 201880000760 A CN201880000760 A CN 201880000760A CN 109219719 B CN109219719 B CN 109219719B
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Prior art keywords
unloading
liquefied gas
tank
pump
unloading pump
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CN201880000760.9A
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CN109219719A (en
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法布里斯·伦巴第
阿诺·布维尔
布鲁诺·德莱特雷
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Priority to CN202210182847.0A priority Critical patent/CN114542951A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F17C2227/0142—Pumps with specified pump type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F17C2227/015—Pumps with cooling of the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
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    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating a liquefied gas cargo stored in a liquefied gas storage device (1), wherein the liquefied gas storage device (1) comprises: -a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank (2) for liquefied gas; -a loading/unloading tower (3) comprising at least two vertical uprights (7, 8, 9); and-at least one unloading pump (6); the method comprises the following steps: -a step of cooling the vertical columns (7, 8, 9), during which step the liquefied gas flow is selectively directed into each of at least two vertical columns (7, 8, 9); and/or-a step of cooling an unloading pump (6), during which step the liquefied gas flow is selectively directed into the unloading pump (6).

Description

Method for treating goods of liquefied gas and storage device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of storing cargo such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in liquefied gas.
The invention relates in particular to a method for handling cargo of liquefied gas and storing it in a liquefied gas storage device.
Background
In the prior art, ships are known which are equipped with a device for storing liquefied gas, such as LNG, comprising a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank for liquefied gas and a loading/unloading tower suspended from the tank top wall. The loading/unloading tower of the tank comprises a tripod-type structure, that is to say three vertical uprights, connected to each other by cross-members, each upright defining a cargo unloading and/or unloading path and/or a reserve well which can be lowered into the tank of the reserve unloading pump and unloading path. The loading/unloading tower supports at the level of its lower part a pump for unloading the goods in connection with the unloading route. Such a storage device is described in particular in document FR 2785034.
It is known to perform the step of cooling the tanks before loading the cargo into the tanks of the ship. This step is intended to reduce the temperature in the tank, to effectively prevent excessive evaporation of the liquefied gas during loading and to limit the intensity of thermal stresses in certain plant components. The cooling step is performed by spraying and evaporating the liquefied gas supplied from the loading terminal on the upper portion of the tank. The heat required for evaporating the liquefied gas is divided by the gas contained in the tank and the tank walls. The generated gas is drawn from the tank and returned to the loading terminal in the form of steam. This operation continues until the average temperature in the tank falls below a threshold temperature.
The above-described step of cooling the tank is of considerable duration, approximately 10 to 20 hours, which results in the vessel needing to be stopped for a considerable length of time during its loading. Moreover, the amount of liquefied gas in the cooling tank is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on the idea of proposing a method for treating a cargo of liquefied gas, which method is capable of effectively increasing the efficiency of the cooling step by reducing its duration and/or the amount of liquefied gas used for cooling.
According to one embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a liquefied gas cargo stored in a liquefied gas storage device, wherein the liquefied gas storage device comprises:
-a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank for liquefied gas; and
-at least one unloading pump located in the tank near the bottom wall of the tank and connected to a line passing through the tank wall and allowing unloading of the tank;
the method comprises the following steps:
-a step of cooling the unloading pump, during which step the liquefied gas flow is directed selectively towards and into contact with the unloading pump to cool the unloading pump by exploiting latent heat of evaporation and/or sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
According to an alternative or supplemental embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a liquefied gas cargo stored in a liquefied gas storage device, comprising:
-a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank for liquefied gas;
-a loading/unloading tower, said tower being suspended from the top wall of the tank, said tower comprising a plurality of routes through the top wall of the tank, and each route allowing loading and/or unloading of a tank; said loading/unloading tower comprising at least two vertical uprights fixed to each other by means of cross-beams and to the top wall of the tank; the at least two vertical posts are hollow and each post defines one of the paths; and
-at least one unloading pump fixed to the bottom end of the loading/unloading tower and connected to one of said one routes;
the method comprises the following steps:
-a step of cooling the vertical columns, in which the liquefied gas flow is selectively directed to each vertical column and each liquefied gas flow is in contact with one of the vertical columns to utilize the latent heat of evaporation and/or the sensible heat of the liquefied gas to cool the vertical columns.
The method according to the embodiment described above thus allows a localized cooling of the installation equipment most sensitive to thermal stresses, such as the unloading pumps and the vertical columns of the loading/unloading towers, so that there is no longer any need to cool the air in all tanks. Such a method would therefore result in a reduction in the duration of the cooling step and/or a reduction in the amount of liquefied gas required for the cooling step.
Thus, after cooling the vertical column and the unloading pump separately, there is no need to cool the entire tank until a defined cooling standard is reached. In contrast, the predefined local cooling criteria can be met by the vertical column and the unloading pump, respectively, however, most tank hardware components, in particular most tank walls or even 90% of their surface area, are maintained at a temperature much higher than the temperatures obtained in the vertical column and the unloading pump, respectively. Thus, by terminating the cooling operation in satisfaction of the criteria for localized cooling, the duration of the cooling process and/or the energy consumed may be greatly reduced and/or reduced.
For example, the duration of cooling the vertical column and the unloading pump, respectively, may be less than 2 hours. The amount of cooling energy provided to the unload pump during cooling may be between 100 and 5000 megajoules (inclusive) and the amount of cooling energy provided to the vertical column may be between 500 and 15000 megajoules (inclusive), so that the amount of cooling energy provided to the two devices selected for cooling is between 100 and 20000 megajoules (inclusive).
According to other advantageous embodiments, such a method may have one or more of the following features.
According to one embodiment, the step of cooling said unloading pump is performed until the temperature of the unloading pump reaches between-120 ℃ and 140 ℃ (inclusive).
According to one embodiment, the step of cooling the unloading pump is performed on an unloading pump having a temperature of more than-120 ℃, such as more than-50 ℃, or even more than-10 ℃, and such as less than 40 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the temperature variation of the unloading pump is measured, and the cooling operation of the unloading pump is terminated when the temperature of the unloading pump reaches a threshold value.
According to one embodiment, the temperature variation of the unloading pump is measured, and the step of loading the liquefied gas into the tank is triggered when or once the temperature of the unloading pump reaches a threshold value, for example-120 ℃.
Thus, the temperature of the pump does not rise above the threshold or above-120 ℃ before the loading step is initiated. Thus, there is no risk of the pump being damaged when the tank is filled with liquefied gas during the loading step.
According to one embodiment, the temperature variation of the unloading pump is measured by means of a temperature sensor arranged in the unloading pump, for example in the stator of the pump, or in contact with the surface of the pump housing.
According to one embodiment, the temperature variable of the unloading pump is measured by measuring the current I and the voltage U of the windings of the unloading pump.
According to one embodiment, the value representing the temperature T is associated with the measurement of the current I and the voltage U by the following equation:
Figure BDA0001719584490000031
R 20℃ representing the resistance of the winding at 20 ℃, B mat Is a coefficient that is a function of the material used for the winding.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the unloading pump, the average temperature in the tank, that is to say the average temperature of the entire gaseous phase stored in the tank, is maintained at greater than-120 ℃, for example greater than-50 ℃, or even greater than-10 ℃ and less than, for example, 40 ℃. According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the unloading pump, the average temperature of the tank wall is maintained at more than-120 ℃, such as more than-50 ℃, or even more than-10 ℃ and less than, for example, 40 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the liquefied gas flow is between 0.05 and 10m 3 H (inclusive) is, for example, from 0.1 to 11m 3 A flow rate between/h, optionally directed to the unloading pump.
The volume of the fluid-tight tank is for example between 1000 and 60000m 3 (inclusive) therebetween.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the unloading pump, the liquefied gas flow is sprayed towards the unloading pump.
According to one embodiment, the liquefied gas flow is sprayed through one or more nozzles towards the unloading pump.
According to one embodiment the step of cooling the unloading pump is performed by means for cooling the unloading pump, which means are associated with the unloading pump and are adapted to lead the flow of liquefied gas to the unloading pump and into contact with the unloading pump for cooling the unloading pump by means of latent heat of evaporation and/or sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
According to one embodiment, before loading the liquefied gas into the tank, a step of cooling the pump is performed, during which step the liquefied gas is conducted from the loading terminal into the tank.
According to one embodiment, a cooling step is performed before each step of loading liquefied gas into the tank.
According to one embodiment, during the step of loading liquefied gas into the tank, the liquefied gas is guided from the unloading terminal into the tank via a route through the tank wall.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the unloading pump, the liquefied gas flow directed to the unloading pump is drawn into the tank beforehand by means of a drain pump provided near the tank bottom wall.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the unloading pump, the liquefied gas flow directed to the unloading pump is drawn beforehand from a loading terminal.
According to one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a loading/unloading tower suspended from the top wall of the tank, the tower comprising a plurality of routes through the top wall of the tank and each route allowing loading and/or unloading of a tank; the loading/unloading tower comprises at least two vertical uprights fixed to each other by means of cross beams and to the top wall of the tank; the at least two vertical columns are hollow and each column defines one of the routes; the unloading pump is fixed to the lower end of the loading/unloading tower, and the method further comprises:
-a step of cooling the vertical columns, in which the liquefied gas flow is selectively directed to each vertical column and each liquefied gas flow is brought into contact with one of the two vertical columns to cool the vertical column using the latent heat of evaporation and/or the sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
According to one embodiment, the loading/unloading tower comprises three vertical uprights.
According to one embodiment, the step of cooling said vertical columns is carried out until the final temperature of the vertical columns reaches between-120 ℃ and-140 ℃ (inclusive).
According to one embodiment, the step of cooling the vertical pillars is performed on vertical pillars having a final temperature greater than-120 ℃, such as greater than-50 ℃, or even greater than-10 ℃, and such as less than 40 ℃.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the vertical pillars, the average temperature in the tank, that is to say the average temperature of the entire gaseous phase stored in the tank, is maintained at greater than-120 ℃. According to one embodiment, the average temperature of the tank wall is maintained at greater than-120 ℃, such as greater than-50 ℃, or even greater than-10 ℃ and less than, for example, 40 ℃ during the step of cooling the vertical pillars.
According to one embodiment, the liquefied gas flow is between 1 and 15m 3 The relative flow rate between/h (inclusive) is selectively induced to each vertical column.
According to one embodiment, the average temperature in the tank is maintained at greater than-120 ℃ during the step of cooling the vertical column.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the vertical columns, the liquefied gas flow is sprayed towards each vertical column.
According to one embodiment, the liquefied gas flow rate being sprayed to each vertical column is equal.
According to one embodiment, each of said liquefied gas flows is sprayed towards the respective vertical column by means of one or more nozzles.
According to one embodiment, the step of cooling said vertical columns is performed by means for cooling said vertical columns, which means are associated with the vertical columns and are adapted to direct a flow of liquefied gas to each vertical column and into contact with the respective vertical column, in order to cool the vertical columns in such a way as to exploit the latent heat of evaporation and/or the sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
According to one embodiment, before loading liquefied gas into the tank, a step of cooling the vertical column is performed, during which step the liquefied gas is conducted from the loading terminal into the tank.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the vertical column, the liquefied gas flow directed to the vertical column is sucked into a tank beforehand by a drain pump.
According to one embodiment, during the step of cooling the vertical column, the liquefied gas flow directed to the vertical column is extracted beforehand from a loading terminal.
According to one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of cooling an unloading pump, during which step the liquefied gas flow is selectively led to and brought into contact with the unloading pump to cool the unloading pump by means of latent heat of evaporation and/or sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
According to one embodiment, the fluidizing gas is selected from: liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and ethane.
According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a liquefied gas storage device comprising:
-a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank for liquefied gas;
-at least one unloading pump, which is arranged near the bottom wall of the tank and is connected to a route through the tank wall, which route allows unloading the tank; and
-means for cooling the unloading pump, said means being connected to the unloading pump and adapted to lead the liquefied gas flow to the unloading pump and into contact with the unloading pump in order to utilize the latent heat of evaporation and/or sensible heat of the liquefied gas for cooling the unloading pump.
According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a liquefied gas storage device comprising:
-a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank for liquefied gas;
-a loading/unloading tower suspended from the top wall of the tank, the tower comprising a plurality of routes through the top wall of the tank and each route allowing loading and/or unloading of a tank; the loading/unloading tower comprises at least two vertical uprights fixed to each other by means of cross beams and to the top wall of the tank; the at least two vertical columns are hollow and each column defines one of the routes; and
-at least one unloading pump fixed to the bottom end of the loading/unloading tower and connected to said one of the routes; and
-a device for cooling the vertical column, said device being connected to the vertical column and being able to connect the flow of liquefied gas to the vertical column in order to cool the vertical column by means of latent heat of evaporation and/or sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
According to other advantageous embodiments, such a device may have one or more of the following features.
According to one embodiment, the device for cooling the unloading pump comprises a supply pipe for directing the liquefied gas flow to one or more nozzles directed towards the unloading pump.
According to one embodiment, the/each nozzle of the apparatus for cooling the unloading pump is located in alignment with the unloading pump.
According to one embodiment each nozzle of the/each device for cooling the unloading pump is arranged close to the intersection area between the bottom wall of the tank wall and the rear wall of the tank.
According to one embodiment, the/each nozzle of the apparatus for cooling the unloading pump is located less than 5 metres from the unloading pump.
According to one embodiment, the feed pipe of the device for cooling the unloading pump is connected to a drain pump located in the tank and/or is adapted to be connected to the loading terminal.
According to one embodiment, the device for cooling the vertical columns comprises a supply pipe for directing the liquefied gas flow to one or more nozzles directed towards each vertical column.
According to one embodiment, the/each nozzle of the apparatus for cooling the vertical column is located less than 5 metres from the vertical column.
According to one embodiment, the/each nozzle of the device for cooling the unloading pump is arranged in the region of the tank close to the rear wall of the tank.
According to one embodiment, the feed pipe of the device for cooling the vertical column is connected to a drain pump located in the tank or is adapted to be connected to a loading terminal.
According to one embodiment, the device comprises a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the pump or of the fluid contained in the inner space of the tank, the height of said temperature sensor being located between the lowest point of the pump to the highest point of the pump. Due to these features, in view of measuring the temperature of the pump assembly or the temperature of the fluid environment in which the pump is immersed in a fluid, in particular the gas temperature in which it is immersed in a gas, a relevant temperature for determining the true state of the pump can be obtained.
The arrangement of a plurality of temperature sensors enables reliable temperature information. A 1 st possibility is to place the temperature sensor, i.e. at least the sensitive part of the sensor, in direct contact with the components of the pump, in particular to place the temperature sensor on or in the components of the pump. According to various embodiments, the temperature sensor may be disposed on an element selected from an outer casing of the pump, a portion of the discharge line adjacent to the outlet of the pump, and a fixing flange connecting the discharge line and the outlet of the pump.
According to various embodiments, when the pump takes the form of a centrifugal pump or other rotating machine, said temperature sensor is provided in the pump, preferably in the stator of the pump. Such a temperature sensor is particularly suitable for measuring the temperature inside a channel of a pump for discharging a fluid during operation.
According to one embodiment, a temperature sensor is provided on the loading/unloading tower to measure the temperature of the fluid contained in the inner space of the tank. According to one embodiment, the temperature sensor is arranged on the surface of the loading/unloading tower facing the unloading pump.
Many techniques enable the manufacture of temperature sensors, in particular, which can be manufactured according to the temperature range that needs to be reached in use. In many embodiments suitable for LNG, the temperature sensor is a thermocouple or a platinum resistance thermometer.
According to one embodiment, the temperature sensor comprises means for measuring the current I and the voltage U of the winding of the motor of the unloading pump. These measuring means may be, for example, a voltmeter, a tensiometer, a multimeter or any other measuring arrangement capable of determining the current and/or voltage of the winding.
According to one embodiment, the device comprises a calculation unit for calculating the temperature of the pump by means of measurements of the current I and the voltage U by unloading the windings of the pump.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises an information system functionally connected to the temperature sensor to obtain a temperature measurement signal from the temperature sensor, the information system further comprising a human-machine interface to communicate the temperature measurement provided by the temperature sensor to a person responsible for operating the tank.
According to one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises an information system adapted to control the device of the cooling unloading pump in dependence of the unloading pump temperature measurement signal.
According to one embodiment, the invention provides a vessel for transporting fluids, the vessel comprising the above-described apparatus.
According to one embodiment, the invention provides a method of loading or unloading the above-mentioned vessel, in which method fluid is transported to and from the floating or land loading/unloading terminal and the tank through insulated conduits.
According to one embodiment, the present invention provides a fluid transfer system comprising the above-described vessel, insulated piping to connect the tanks mounted in the hull to a floating or land loading/unloading terminal, and a pump for driving fluid from the floating or land loading/unloading terminal into the tanks in the vessel or from the tanks in the vessel into the floating or land loading/unloading terminal through the insulated piping.
Drawings
The invention, together with further objects, details, features and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and several embodiments, which, it will be understood, are not limitative of the present invention.
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a liquefied gas storage device according to embodiment 1.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of a liquefied gas storage device according to a second embodiment.
Figure 3 is a schematic cross-section of a device according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the area IV of fig. 3.
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a methane transport tanker comprising a liquefied gas storage device and a loading/unloading terminal of the liquefied gas device.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a liquefied gas storage device 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. The device 1 may be mounted on land or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the apparatus 1 may be used for lng carriers such as methane tankers, but may also be used for any vessel supplied with gas to a propulsion unit, an engine block, a steam generator or any other consumer component.
The device 1 comprises a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank 2 for liquefied gas. According to one embodiment, the tank 2 is a membrane tank capable of storing liquefied gas at atmospheric pressure. In particular, such a membrane tank comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside to the inside of the tank 2, a secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising an insulating element against a supporting structure, a secondary sealing film, a primary thermal insulation barrier comprising an insulating element against a secondary sealing member, a primary sealing film for contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank 2. Such film cans are described in particular, for example, in patent applications WO14057221, FR2691520 and FR 2877638.
The liquefied gas stored by the plant 1 may in particular be Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture which mainly comprises methane and one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane and small amounts of nitrogen. The liquefied natural gas is stored at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of approximately-162 c. The liquefied gas may also be ethane or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), that is to say a hydrocarbon mixture resulting from the refining of petroleum, which generally contains propane and butane.
The device 1 also comprises a loading/unloading tower 3, which is able in particular to load the goods into the tanks 2 before transportation and to unload the goods after transportation. When the installation 1 is on board a vessel, for example a methane tanker, said loading/unloading tower 3 is for example mounted near the rear wall 4 of the tank 2, since during unloading the methane tanker is tilted backwards, which can maximise the amount of LNG unloaded by the loading/unloading tower 3.
Said loading/unloading tower 3 is suspended from the top wall of the tank 2 and extends substantially the entire height of the tank 2. In an embodiment not shown, the loading/unloading tower 3 is suspended from the top wall of a region of the tank 2 termed the liquid dome. Such a liquid dome is described in particular in application FR2991430 FR.
The loading/unloading tower 3 supports at its lower end one or more pumps 6 for unloading the cargo. The unloading pump 6 is arranged near the bottom wall of the tank. The purpose of placing the unloading pump 6 near the bottom wall of the tank is to enable the pump to pump out most of the cargo stored in the tank, except possibly for a loss of liquid of less than 10% of the tank capacity. The unloading pump 10 is a centrifugal pump that is capable of sucking out liquid fluid through an inlet at the bottom of the unloading pump and discharging the liquid fluid into an unloading line that is connected to an outlet at the top of the unloading pump. The unloading pump 6 has a high nominal flow rate to ensure rapid handling of large quantities of cargo, for example 500m 3 /h。
Only one unloading pump 6 is shown in fig. 1. Said loading tower 3 comprises a tripod structure, that is to say it comprises three vertical uprights 7, 8, 9, each fixed to one another by means of a cross-member 10. Each vertical upright 7, 8, 9 is hollow and passes through the top wall 5 of the tank 2. Each vertical column 7, 8, 9 thus either defines a loading and/or unloading route that is able to load or unload liquefied gas, or defines a reserve well that is able to lower the reserve pump and the unloading route in the event of failure of the other unloading pumps 6.
In a particular embodiment, two vertical uprights 7, 8 define the unloading path of the tank, for which purpose said two vertical uprights 7, 8 are connected to an unloading pump 6 fixed to the lower end of the loading/unloading tower 3, while the 3 rd vertical upright 9 defines a reserve well. In such an embodiment, the loading/unloading tower 3 is equipped with one or more loading routes that do not constitute one of the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9 of the tripod structure.
In addition, the apparatus 1 comprises means for cooling the vertical uprights. Such an arrangement for cooling the vertical columns 11 is arranged to direct the flow of liquefied gas to each vertical column 7, 8, 9 in such a way that the flow of liquefied gas is caused to evaporate in contact with the vertical column, so that the latent heat of evaporation of the flow of liquefied gas cools the vertical column 7, 8, 9. Such a device for cooling the vertical column 11 makes it possible to cool the vertical columns 7, 8, 9 homogeneously before the liquefied gas is filled into the tank 2. In fact, if the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9 are not cooled homogeneously before filling the tank 2 with liquefied gas, the loading/unloading tower 3 tends to bend, due to the temperature differences caused by the path of the liquefied gas in the loading route, and to exert high pressures on the top wall 5, with the possibility of damaging the top wall 5.
In the embodiment shown, the means for cooling the vertical uprights 11 comprise a feed pipe 12 which passes through the top wall 5 and a spray manifold 13, said spray manifold 13 being located inside the tank 2 and being connected to the feed pipe 12. The spray manifold 13 is located in line with the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9 and comprises a plurality of nozzles 14, each nozzle 14 facing a respective vertical upright 7, 8, 9 and being arranged close to the upper end of the vertical upright 7, 8, 9, typically at a distance of less than 5 metres, for example in the range of about tens of centimetres to 1 metre.
According to one embodiment, the feed pipe 12 is connected to a drain pump 15, the drain pump 15 being arranged near the bottom of the tank 2. In particular, the drain pump 15 can be fixed to the lower end of the loading/unloading tower 3. The drain pump 15 is able to pump the depletion of liquefied gas remaining in the tank 2. Thanks to such a distribution, therefore, the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9 can be cooled in the sea before the ship is moored at the loading terminal, which considerably shortens the duration of the operation. In an alternative or complementary manner, the supply pipe 12 can be connected to the loading terminal so that it can cool the vertical columns 7, 8, 9 by means of the flow of liquefied gas coming out from the loading terminal.
In other embodiments, not shown, the injection manifold 13 of the device for cooling the vertical column 11 is replaced by other means capable of utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of the liquefied gas flow to cool the vertical columns 7, 8, 9. Thus, for example, the device for cooling the vertical column 11 may in particular comprise one or more heat converters which comprise a cooling circuit integrated in the vertical column 7, 8, 9, as a result of which a liquefied gas flow is evaporated in said cooling circuit in order to cool the vertical column 7, 8, 9.
Fig. 2 shows a liquefied gas storage device 1 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. This device 1 differs from the device 1 according to fig. 1 in that it does not comprise means for cooling the vertical upright 11 but comprises means for cooling the unloading pump 6. It is worth noting that according to an advantageous embodiment, it is possible to combine the embodiments shown in figures 1 and 2, the device 1 comprising means for cooling the vertical uprights 11 and means for cooling the unloading pumps 16.
The device for cooling the unloading pump 16 is able to gradually reduce the temperature of the unloading pump 6 before loading the tank 2. In fact, the unloading pump 6 comprises components sensitive to thermal shock which, before loading the tank 2 with liquefied gas, would result in an inability to cool down the unloading pump 6 step by step and a risk of damaging the unloading pump 6.
In the embodiment shown, the means for cooling the unloading pump 16 comprise a feed pipe 17, said feed pipe 17 passing through the top wall 5; and an injection manifold 18, said injection manifold 13 being located inside the tank 2. The injection manifold 18 is arranged near the bottom wall 4 of the tank 2 and is in line with one or more unloading pumps 6. The spray manifold 18 comprises one or more nozzles 19, each nozzle 19 directed towards the unloading pump 6. Each nozzle 19 is arranged in the vicinity of the unloading pump 6, that is to say typically over a distance of less than 5 metres and for example in the range of approximately tens of centimetres to 1 metre.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the feed pipe 17 is connected to a drain pump 15, the drain pump 15 being arranged near the bottom of the tank 2 and/or connectable to a loading terminal.
Moreover, in other embodiments not shown, the injection manifold 18 of the device for cooling the unloading pump 16 is replaced by other means able to utilize the latent heat of evaporation of the liquefied gas flow for cooling the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9. In particular, the device for cooling the unloading pump 16 can, for example, comprise a heat converter comprising a cooling circuit connected to the body of the unloading pump, as a result of which the liquefied gas flow evaporates in the cooling circuit and thus cools the body of the unloading pump 6.
The steps of cooling the unloading pump 6 and of cooling the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9 of the loading/unloading tower 3, which are carried out before the liquefied gas is loaded from the loading terminal to the tank 2 through the feed path of the loading/unloading station 3, will be described below.
Advantageously, in one embodiment, said step of cooling the vertical column and said step of cooling the unloading pump 6 are carried out simultaneously.
Prior to such cooling, the average temperature of the vapor phase within canister 2 is typically greater than-120 ℃.
In order to cool the vertical columns 7, 8, 9, the liquefied gas flow remaining in the tank 2 may be sucked into the tank 2 at a liquefied gas loss level by the drain pump 15, or the liquefied gas flow may be extracted from the loading terminal and then sprayed to the respective vertical columns 7, 8, 9. In order to ensure that the temperature is the same between the vertical columns 7, 8, 9, the flow rate of the liquefied gas flow to each vertical column 7, 8, 9 is substantially the same. For example, the flow velocity of the liquefied gas flow to each vertical column 7, 8, 9 is approximately several m 3 H or tens of m 3 H, e.g. between 1 and 15m 3 H (inclusive).
The step of cooling the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9 is carried out until the final temperature of the upper end portions of the vertical uprights 7, 8, 9 is between-120 and-140 ℃ (inclusive), for example about-130 ℃. In particular, the duration of the cooling step may be estimated by measuring the initial temperature in the tank 2 and the flow rate of the liquefied gas flow one or more times.
For cooling the unloading pump 6, the remaining liquefied gas flow can be sucked into the tank 2 by the drain pump 15 at a level of liquefied gas loss, or the liquefied gas flow can be extracted from the loading terminal and then sprayed to the unloading pump 6. In order to ensure gradual cooling of the unloading pump 6, the flow rate of the liquefied gas injected into the unloading pump 6 is approximately a few tenths of a m 3 H or a few m 3 H, e.g. in the range from 0.05 to 10m 3 H, preferably between 0.1 and 1m 3 Is between/h. The step of cooling the unloading pump 6 is carried out until the final temperature of the body of the unloading pump 6 is between-120 ℃ and-140 ℃ (inclusive), for example about-130 ℃.
According to one embodiment, the duration of this step may be determined from one or more measurements of the initial temperature in the tank and the flow rate of the liquefied gas flow.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the unloading pump 6 is measured, and the cooling step of the unloading pump 6 is terminated when the temperature of the unloading pump reaches a threshold value.
Figures 3 and 4 show the apparatus in relation to measuring the unloading pump temperature.
In fig. 3, an unloading pump 110 is shown attached to the loading/unloading tower 107 close to the bottom wall 108, for example at a distance of approximately 1m above the bottom wall 108, by way of example. The unloading pump 110 is a centrifugal pump which is capable of sucking a flow of liquid through an inlet 114 at the bottom of the unloading pump 110 and discharging the flow of liquid into an unloading line 111, the unloading line 111 being connected to an outlet at the top of the unloading pump 110, at the level of a fixed flange 112. The unloading route 111 increases the overall length of the loading/unloading tower 107 to the location of a liquid manifold circuit (not shown).
To measure the temperature of the unload pump 110, a temperature sensor 120 is located within the unload pump 110, on or in close proximity to the unload pump 110. Said temperature sensor 120 is functionally connected to an information system 121, for example by means of a cable or wireless connection 122, to enable the use of temperature measurements by personnel responsible for operating the tank and/or by automatic means for controlling the tank functions, in particular by means for cooling the unloading pump.
Fig. 4 shows a number of possible positions of the temperature sensor 200, namely a sensor 201 located in the pump, a sensor 202 located on the outer surface of the pump casing, a sensor 203 located on the fixing flange 212, a sensor 204 located on the loading/unloading tower 207 at the same height as the pump, i.e. between the highest point of the pump 210 (here the fixing flange 212) and the lowest point of the pump 210 (here the inlet 214).
Because it is immersed in the same surrounding fluid as the housing of the pump 210 and is located in the vicinity of the pump 210, the sensor 204 located on the loading/unloading tower 207 can provide a temperature measurement reflecting the true condition of the pump 210 in a relatively reliable manner. In particular, in the case where the surrounding fluid is a vapor phase with a stratified temperature field, the location of the sensor substantially the same as the height of the pump 210 can ensure that reliable measurements are obtained.
As indicated by the numeral 123, the information system 121 may also be connected to other sensors, in particular temperature sensors measuring the temperature in the tank wall at different heights, for example as indicated by the numeral 124, according to known techniques.
In a ship, the information system 121 is part of a system for managing tanks on board the ship. The information system 121 comprises a human-machine interface (not shown) such as a display screen, dial, printer, etc. located in the tank operating room or in the vessel monitoring room to inform the operator supervising the tank about the status of the tank. The information system 121 formats the temperature data and transmits it to the human-machine interface.
The same temperature sensor may be used with other pumps of the tank, such as a dry pump or a circulation pump for spraying the liquid in the tank.
Due to the reliable temperature measurements provided by the sensor 120, the operator is enabled to make decisions on the control of the tank to ensure that the temperature conditions of the pump each time are consistent with the operation envisaged. Said decision has an influence in particular on the step of stopping the cooling of the unloading pump. Thanks to the temperature sensor 120, the operator can distinguish whether the pump 110 has reached a predetermined temperature threshold, for example-130 ℃, to stop the pump cooling and trigger the filling of the tank. The cooling of the unloading pump can also be stopped by programmed automatic means.
In contrast, in the absence of the temperature sensor 120, the temperature state of the pump 110 should be estimated based on other measurement methods, such as a temperature measurement of the wall, which is not satisfactory especially when unloading the pump for cooling during dedicated cooling.
In another embodiment, the temperature sensor is a winding of a motor of the pump, and the temperature is obtained by measuring the evolution of the resistivity of the winding of the motor of the pump. The dimensions of the windings are approximately the same size as the pump itself, which makes it possible to obtain an overall assessment of the cooling of the pump by measuring the resistance of the windings and by calculating the temperature value of the pump. The principle in this embodiment is to avoid loading the sensor into or near the pump and thus avoid pulling of the cable of the sensor in the tank. For this purpose, only the already existing instrumentation and cables for the pump are utilized. The instrumentation already present on the pump is able to measure the voltage U and the current I of the motor windings of the pump. It is then possible to obtain the resistance R of the motor winding of the pump over time according to a simple ratio U/I winding . Then obtaining the resistance R winding The temperature T of the winding as a function of time can then be calculated using the following formula:
R winding ＝R 20℃ *(1+C mat *(T-293.15))
R 20℃ representing the resistance of the winding at 20 ℃, C mat Is a coefficient that is a function of the material used for the winding.
It is therefore possible to relate the temperature average of the windings to the resistance of the windings and thus to obtain the temperature average of the unloading pump 6. The selected resistance threshold is the threshold at which it can be determined that cooling is sufficient.
Referring to fig. 5, a cross-sectional view of a methane transport vessel 70 shows a fluid-tight, thermally insulated tank 71, having a prismatic overall shape, installed in a double hull 72 of the vessel. The walls of the tank 71 comprise a primary fluid-tight barrier in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary fluid-tight barrier distributed between the primary fluid-tight barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers distributed between the primary fluid-tight barrier and the secondary fluid-tight barrier and between the secondary fluid-tight barrier and the double hull 72, respectively.
In a manner known per se, a loading/unloading pipe 73 arranged on the top deck of the ship can be connected by means of suitable connections to a marine or harbour loading or unloading terminal for transferring LNG cargo out of the tank 71 or into the tank 71.
Fig. 5 shows an example of an offshore terminal comprising a loading and/or unloading station 75, a submarine pipeline 76 and a land based installation 77. The loading and/or unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a mobile arm 74 and a tower 78 supporting the mobile arm 74. The mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible tubes 79 that can be connected to the loading/unloading duct 73. The directionally movable arms 74 accommodate the loading capacity of all methane carriers. Not shown connecting pipes extend inside the tower 78. The loading and/or unloading station 75 is capable of loading and unloading the methane carrier 70 from the land installation 77 or to the land installation 77. The land installation 77 comprises a liquefied gas storage tank 80 and a connecting pipeline 81, the connecting pipeline 81 being connected to the loading and/or unloading station 75 by means of an underground pipeline 76. The underground piping 76 allows for the transfer of liquefied gas over long distances, for example 5km, between the loading or unloading station 75 and the land-based facilities 77, which allows the methane-carrying vessel 70 to be maintained at a significant distance from the shore during loading and unloading operations.
In order to generate the pressure required for the transportation of liquefied gas, pumps on board the vessel 70 and/or pumps fitted on land installations 77 and/or pumps fitted on the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
Although the invention has been described in connection with a number of specific embodiments, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that it covers all technical equivalents of the means described and combinations thereof within the scope of the invention.
Use of the verb "comprise" or "comprise" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim.
In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.

Claims (16)

1. A method of treating liquefied gas cargo stored in a liquefied gas storage device (1), wherein the liquefied gas storage device (1) comprises:
-a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank (2) for liquefied gas; and
-at least one unloading pump (6), said unloading pump (6) being arranged in the tank (2) near the bottom wall of the tank (2) and said unloading pump (6) being connected to a line that passes through the wall of the tank (2) and allows unloading of the tank (2); the method comprises the following steps:
-cooling the unloading pump (6) before loading liquefied gas into the tank (2), during which cooling step liquefied gas flow is selectively led to the unloading pump (6) and brought into contact with the unloading pump (6) to cool the unloading pump (6) by latent heat of evaporation and/or sensible heat of the liquefied gas;
-loading liquefied gas into the tank (2), in which step the liquefied gas is led from a loading terminal into the tank (2).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of cooling the unloading pump (6) is performed until the temperature of the unloading pump (6) reaches between-120 ℃ and-140 ℃.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature variation of the unloading pump (6) is measured and the cooling step of the unloading pump (6) is terminated when the temperature of the unloading pump reaches a threshold temperature.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature variable of the unloading pump (6) is measured by means of temperature sensors (201, 202, 203) arranged in the unloading pump.
5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature variable of the unloading pump (6) is measured by measuring the current and voltage of the windings of the unloading pump (6).
6. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquefied gas flow is selectively led to the unloading pump (6) at a flow rate of 0.05 to 10m 3/h.
7. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the step of cooling the unloading pump (6) the liquefied gas flow is sprayed towards the unloading pump (6).
8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the liquefied gas flow is sprayed towards the unloading pump (6) through one or more nozzles.
9. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, during the step of cooling the unloading pump (6), the liquefied gas flow directed to the unloading pump (6) is pre-sucked into the tank (2) by a drain pump (15) provided near the bottom wall of the tank (2).
10. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus (1) further comprises a loading/unloading tower (3), the tower (3) being suspended from the top wall (5) of the tank (2), the tower (3) comprising a plurality of routes through the top wall (5) of the tank (2), and each route allowing loading and/or unloading of the tank (2); said loading/unloading tower (3) comprising at least two vertical uprights (7, 8, 9) fixed to each other by cross-beams and to the top wall (5) of the tank (2); the at least two vertical uprights (7, 8, 9) are hollow and each defines one of the courses; the unloading pump (6) is fixed to the lower end of the loading/unloading tower (3), the method further comprising:
-a step of cooling the vertical columns (7, 8, 9), in which the liquefied gas flow is selectively directed to each vertical column (7, 8, 9) and brought into contact with one of the two vertical columns (7, 8, 9) in order to cool the vertical column (7, 8, 9) by latent heat of evaporation and/or by sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
11. Liquefied gas storage device (1), characterized in that it comprises:
-a fluid-tight and thermally insulated storage tank (2) for liquefied gas;
-at least one unloading pump (6), said unloading pump (6) being arranged in said tank (2) near the bottom wall of said tank (2) and connected to a line passing through the wall of said tank (2) and allowing unloading of said tank (2);
-a loading device for loading liquefied gas into the tank (2), the loading device being adapted to conduct liquefied gas from a loading terminal into the tank (2); and
-means for cooling the unloading pump (6), which means for cooling the unloading pump (6) are connected to the unloading pump (6), which means for cooling the unloading pump (6) are activated before the loading means are activated, and which means for cooling the unloading pump (6) are adapted to lead a flow of liquefied gas to the unloading pump (6) and into contact with the unloading pump (6) in order to cool the unloading pump (6) in a manner that exploits the latent heat of evaporation and/or the sensible heat of the liquefied gas.
12. The device (1) according to claim 11, further comprising a temperature sensor (201, 202, 203), said temperature sensor (201, 202, 203) being provided in said unloading pump.
13. Apparatus (1) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the means for cooling the unloading pump (6) comprise a supply pipe (17), which supply pipe (17) is adapted to lead the liquefied gas flow to one or more nozzles (19), which nozzles (19) are directed towards the unloading pump (6).
14. A ship (70) for transporting fluids, characterized in that it comprises a device (1) according to claim 11 or 12.
15. A method of loading or unloading a vessel (70) according to claim 14, characterised in that fluid is supplied to the tanks from a floating or land loading/unloading terminal (77) or from the tanks to a floating or land loading/unloading terminal (77) through insulated conduits (73, 79, 76, 81).
16. A transfer system for fluids, characterized in that the system comprises a vessel (70) according to claim 14, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) distributed in such a way that tanks (71) installed in the hull of the vessel are connected to a floating or land loading terminal (77), and a pump for driving fluids from or into the tanks of the vessel through the insulated pipes.
CN201880000760.9A 2017-05-05 2018-05-03 Method for treating goods of liquefied gas and storage device Active CN109219719B (en)

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FR1754018A FR3065941A1 (en) 2017-05-05 2017-05-05 METHOD FOR HANDLING LIQUEFIED GAS CARGO AND STORAGE PLANT
PCT/FR2018/051106 WO2018203005A2 (en) 2017-05-05 2018-05-03 Method for the handling of liquefied gas cargo and a storage facility

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FR3065941A1 (en) 2018-11-09
KR20200003351A (en) 2020-01-09

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