CN109216736B - Fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water flushing control system - Google Patents
Fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water flushing control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109216736B CN109216736B CN201811116407.5A CN201811116407A CN109216736B CN 109216736 B CN109216736 B CN 109216736B CN 201811116407 A CN201811116407 A CN 201811116407A CN 109216736 B CN109216736 B CN 109216736B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04783—Pressure differences, e.g. between anode and cathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water scouring control system, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The method has the technical points that: (1) dynamically adjusting the anode scouring pressure difference of the fuel cell stack to realize the optimal anode water scouring effect; (2) dynamically adjusting the anode scouring direction of the fuel cell to realize optimal anode runner water distribution; (3) the anode is closed, and anode hydrogen circulation with zero hydrogen emission effect is realized. The invention can realize the optimal anode water flushing effect of the fuel cell, reduce the pressure fluctuation of the anode of the fuel cell, avoid the voltage fluctuation caused by the pressure drop in the traditional anode drainage control, and simultaneously optimize the anode water distribution in the galvanic pile so as to improve the uniformity of the single working voltage of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and relates to a fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water flushing control system.
Background
When the fuel cell works, hydrogen generates hydrogen ions at the anode and passes through the proton exchange membrane, and then reacts with oxygen at the cathode to generate water, the water generated at the cathode can reversely diffuse to the anode due to concentration difference, which can cause the increase of accumulated water in the anode of the electric pile and the flooding of the electrode, thereby obstructing the transmission of hydrogen, and therefore, the management of the anode water of the electric pile is very important. Traditional anode water management generally adopts intermittent type nature open one-way washing mode to discharge anode ponding, but traditional mode can lead to more hydrogen extravagant, reduces hydrogen utilization ratio, also can't effectively avoid the monomer voltage inequality that leads to because of anode water distribution's inhomogeneity, also can lead to the great fluctuation of galvanic pile voltage because of anode pressure oscillation is too big when scouring simultaneously. The anode totally-enclosed hydrogen bidirectional supply system designed by the invention can dynamically adjust the pressure difference of the two pressure reducing valves according to the change of the actual working condition and the performance of the galvanic pile, thereby keeping the best hydrogen residual pressure in the anode flow channel of the galvanic pile during scouring to maintain the hydrogen concentration, reducing the sudden voltage reduction of the fuel cell caused by the hydrogen pressure drop during scouring, dynamically changing the gas supply direction by taking the uniformity of the working voltage of the single body as an index, realizing the switching of the hydrogen supply direction and the anode water scouring direction, improving the distribution of the anode water, improving the uniformity of the working voltage of the single body of the galvanic pile, and further well solving a plurality of problems of the traditional anode water scouring mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulse water flushing control system, which flushes a fuel cell stack by using a pulse pressure generated inside a fuel cell, and changes a hydrogen supply direction of the fuel cell by using a three-way valve to switch a flushing direction of the fuel cell stack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water flushing control system of the fuel cell comprises the fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, a high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, a low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, a two-position three-way valve I, a two-position three-way valve II, an electromagnetic valve and a buffer tank;
the pressure of the output end of the high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve is constant, and the pressure of the output end of the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve can be adjusted on line; three ports of the two-position three-way valve I are respectively 1, 2 and 3, and three ports of the two-position three-way valve II are respectively 4, 5 and 6;
the hydrogen tank is respectively connected to the high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve and the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve through pipelines, the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve is connected to the buffer tank through pipelines, and the buffer tank is respectively connected to the port 2 and the port 5 through pipelines; the port 3 and the port 4 are simultaneously connected to the fuel cell through a pipeline; the high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve is connected to the electromagnetic valve through a pipeline and then is respectively connected to the port 1 and the port 6; port 1 and port 6 communicate via a conduit.
Furthermore, the method utilizes a method of consuming hydrogen by the fuel cell to generate pressure difference with high-pressure gas supply so as to flush the fuel cell stack, changes the hydrogen supply direction of the fuel cell and the output pressure of the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve mainly by controlling the switching interval and the duration of an electromagnetic valve and a two-position three-way valve, and realizes the switching of three working modes and the control of the hydrogen pressure difference by applying a fuzzy theory so as to realize the flushing direction switching of the fuel cell stack, thereby achieving the optimal anode water flushing control target.
Further, in the method, the following is also included:
(1) the output voltage change, the output voltage change rate and the monomer voltage uniformity are collected and fed back to the fuzzy controller, a better scouring effect is achieved by adjusting scouring duration, scouring interval, scouring direction and scouring pressure difference, the monomer voltage uniformity is good, and meanwhile, the stable galvanic pile performance during scouring is maintained, and the output voltage change and the change rate are shown;
(2) determining whether the scouring direction is changed or not according to the uniform distribution condition of the single voltage of the fuel cell stack;
(3) calibrating the performance and the scouring effect of the fuel cell under different set values of the low-voltage electrically-controlled pressure reducing valve by using the variation of the output voltage and the uniformity of the single voltage as evaluation indexes so as to determine the optimal set value of the pressure of the low-voltage electrically-controlled pressure reducing valve under different working conditions;
(4) after the control parameters are determined, the flush time and the flush interval are determined according to the fuzzy rule.
Further, the three operating modes are:
and (3) a normal working mode: when the fuel cell works normally, the electromagnetic valve is kept opened, and the hydrogen pressure in the fuel cell stack maintains high pressure;
forward flush mode: closing the electromagnetic valve, waiting for a certain time, opening the electromagnetic valve again after the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel cell stack is reduced to the pressure of the output end of the low pressure valve due to consumption, performing forward flushing by using the pressure difference generated at the moment, and entering a normal working mode after the pressure of the hydrogen in the stack is restored to high pressure;
a reverse flushing mode: the method comprises the steps of firstly changing the working positions of a high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve and a low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve so as to change the flow direction of hydrogen, then closing an electromagnetic valve, opening the electromagnetic valve again after the pressure of the hydrogen in a fuel cell stack is reduced to a set value of the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, performing reverse flushing by using the pressure difference, then restoring the working positions of a two-position three-way valve I and a two-position three-way valve II so as to restore the flow direction of the gas to the direction before the reverse flushing, and.
Further, the three working modes are specifically:
and (3) a normal working mode: the electromagnetic valve is kept in an open state, the opening stations of the two-position three-way valve I and the two-position three-way valve II are respectively 1-3 and 4-5, namely a Mode I, and the pipeline pressure is Phigh；
Forward flush mode: closing the electromagnetic valve, continuously consuming hydrogen by the fuel cell, and gradually reducing the pipeline pressure to PlowWhen the electromagnetic valve is opened again, a certain pressure difference of P is generated in the pipelinehigh-PlowSo as to flush the accumulated water of the anode in the fuel cell stack and then return to the normal working Mode I;
a reverse flushing mode: respectively changing the opening stations of the two-position three-way valve I and the two-position three-way valve II to be 2-3 and 4-6, closing the electromagnetic valve, continuously consuming hydrogen, and gradually reducing the pressure of the pipeline to PlowOpening the solenoid valve again by means of the pressure difference Phigh-PlowAnd flushing accumulated water in the galvanic pile, then respectively switching the two-position three-way valve I and the two-position three-way valve II back to 1-3 and 4-5, and then returning to a normal working mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the application of the two three-way valves greatly simplifies the connection of hydrogen supply pipelines, can realize the two-way washing of the accumulated water of the anode in the fuel cell stack through mode switching, improves the uniform water distribution condition of the fuel cell, and improves the uniformity of the single voltage;
2. the voltage drop caused by the hydrogen pressure drop during the flushing period is reduced by dynamically adjusting the pressure set value of the low-pressure reducing valve;
3. the fuzzy control system has strong robustness, and the influence of interference and parameter change on the control effect is small, so that the fuzzy control system is particularly suitable for the control of nonlinear, time-varying and pure-lag systems.
4. The completely closed hydrogen supply pipeline improves the utilization rate of hydrogen, and really realizes zero emission and efficient utilization of the hydrogen.
5. The buffer tank is used for collecting the discharged anode accumulated water, so that the redundant anode accumulated water can be removed, and a certain humidification effect can be achieved on the hydrogen.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 illustrates the mode of operation of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the hydrogen pressure change in the pipeline according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the fuzzy control concept of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a novel multi-mode flushing control method for a closed fuel cell water management system, which flushes a fuel cell stack by utilizing pulsating pressure generated in a fuel cell and changes the hydrogen supply direction of the fuel cell through a three-way valve to realize the switching of the flushing direction of the fuel cell stack.
The invention mainly uses the fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water scouring control system, the system mainly comprises a fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, a high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, a low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, a two-position three-way valve I, a two-position three-way valve II, an electromagnetic valve buffer tank and a cooling fan; as shown in fig. 1. Two electrically controlled pressure reducing valves are used in the design: a high pressure valve with a constant output pressure value and a low pressure valve with the output pressure capable of being adjusted on line. Two groups of two-position three-way valves, electromagnetic valves and a buffer tank are connected through appropriate pipelines to complete the hardware construction of the invention. The switching of three working modes and the control of hydrogen pressure difference are realized by optimizing the switching interval and the duration of the control electromagnetic valve, the hydrogen flushing direction and the output pressure of the low-voltage-end electric control pressure reducing valve and applying a fuzzy theory, so that the optimal anode water flushing control is realized.
And (3) a normal working mode: when the fuel cell normally works, the electromagnetic valve is kept opened, and the hydrogen pressure in the galvanic pile maintains high pressure;
forward flush mode: closing the electromagnetic valve, waiting for a short period of time, opening the electromagnetic valve again after the pressure of hydrogen in the galvanic pile is reduced to the pressure at the output end of the low-pressure valve due to consumption, performing forward flushing by using the pressure difference generated at the moment, and entering a normal working mode after the pressure of the hydrogen in the galvanic pile is restored to high pressure;
a reverse flushing mode: the working positions of the two three-way valves are changed firstly, so that the hydrogen flowing direction is changed, then the electromagnetic valve is closed, after the hydrogen pressure in the galvanic pile is reduced to the set value of the low-pressure reducing valve, the electromagnetic valve is opened again, reverse flushing is carried out by utilizing the pressure difference at the moment, then the working positions of the three-way valves are restored, the gas flowing direction is restored to the direction before the reverse flushing, and then the normal working mode is entered.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of hydrogen pressure in the pipeline according to the present invention.
To achieve the above flushing effect, as shown in fig. 3, the control concept of the present invention is as follows:
1. the anode water management multi-mode scouring control system feeds back to a fuzzy controller by collecting output voltage change, output voltage change rate and monomer voltage uniformity, achieves better scouring effect (shown as good monomer voltage uniformity) by adjusting scouring duration, scouring interval, scouring direction and scouring pressure difference, and maintains more stable galvanic pile performance (shown as output voltage change and change rate) during scouring;
2. determining whether the scouring direction is changed or not according to the voltage uniformity condition of the single cell of the galvanic pile;
3. calibrating the performance and the scouring effect of the fuel cell under different low-pressure reducing valve set values by using the variation of the output voltage and the uniformity of the single voltage as evaluation indexes so as to determine the optimal pressure set value of the low-pressure reducing valve under different working conditions;
4. after the control parameters are determined, the flush time and the flush interval are determined according to the fuzzy rule.
The working mode of the invention is as follows:
(1) and (3) a normal working mode: the electromagnetic valve is kept in an open state, the opening stations of the two three-way valves are respectively 1-3 and 4-5, namely Mode I, and the pipeline pressure is Phigh；
(2) Forward flush mode: closing the electromagnetic valve, continuously consuming hydrogen by the fuel cell, and gradually reducing the pipeline pressure to PlowWhen the electromagnetic valve is opened again, a certain pressure difference of P is generated in the pipelinehigh-PlowSo as to flush the anode accumulated water in the galvanic pile and then return to the normal working Mode I;
(3) a reverse flushing mode: respectively changing the opening stations of the two-position three-way valve to 2-3 and 4-6, closing the electromagnetic valve, continuously consuming hydrogen, and gradually reducing the pressure of the pipeline to PlowOpening the solenoid valve again by means of the pressure difference Phigh-PlowAnd (3) flushing accumulated water in the galvanic pile, then respectively switching the two-position three-way valves back to 1-3 and 4-5, and then returning to a normal working mode.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. Fuel cell multimode switches over positive pole pressure pulsation water and washes control system, its characterized in that: the system comprises a fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, a high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, a low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, a two-position three-way valve I, a two-position three-way valve II, an electromagnetic valve and a buffer tank;
the pressure of the output end of the high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve is constant, and the pressure of the output end of the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve can be adjusted on line; three ports of the two-position three-way valve I are respectively 1, 2 and 3, and three ports of the two-position three-way valve II are respectively 4, 5 and 6;
the hydrogen tank is respectively connected to the high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve and the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve through pipelines, the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve is connected to the buffer tank through pipelines, and the buffer tank is respectively connected to the port 2 and the port 5 through pipelines; the port 3 and the port 4 are simultaneously connected to the fuel cell through a pipeline; the high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve is connected to the electromagnetic valve through a pipeline and then is respectively connected to the port 1 and the port 6; port 1 and port 6 communicate via a conduit.
2. The fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water flushing control method based on the system of claim 1 is characterized in that: the method utilizes a method of consuming hydrogen by a fuel cell to generate pressure difference with high-pressure gas supply so as to flush the fuel cell stack, mainly changes the hydrogen supply direction of the fuel cell and the output pressure of a low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve by controlling the switching interval and the duration of an electromagnetic valve and a two-position three-way valve, and realizes the switching of three working modes and the control of the hydrogen pressure difference by applying a fuzzy theory so as to realize the flushing direction switching of the fuel cell stack, thereby achieving the optimal anode water flushing control target.
3. The fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water washout control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the method, the following is also included:
(1) the output voltage change, the output voltage change rate and the monomer voltage uniformity are collected and fed back to the fuzzy controller, a better scouring effect is achieved by adjusting scouring duration, scouring interval, scouring direction and scouring pressure difference, the monomer voltage uniformity is good, and meanwhile, the stable galvanic pile performance during scouring is maintained, and the output voltage change and the change rate are shown;
(2) determining whether the scouring direction is changed or not according to the uniform distribution condition of the single voltage of the fuel cell stack;
(3) calibrating the performance and the scouring effect of the fuel cell under different set values of the low-voltage electrically-controlled pressure reducing valve by using the variation of the output voltage and the uniformity of the single voltage as evaluation indexes so as to determine the optimal set value of the pressure of the low-voltage electrically-controlled pressure reducing valve under different working conditions;
(4) after the control parameters are determined, the flush time and the flush interval are determined according to the fuzzy rule.
4. The fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water washout control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the three working modes are as follows:
and (3) a normal working mode: when the fuel cell works normally, the electromagnetic valve is kept opened, and the hydrogen pressure in the fuel cell stack maintains high pressure;
forward flush mode: closing the electromagnetic valve, waiting for a certain time, opening the electromagnetic valve again after the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel cell stack is reduced to the pressure of the output end of the low pressure valve due to consumption, performing forward flushing by using the pressure difference generated at the moment, and entering a normal working mode after the pressure of the hydrogen in the stack is restored to high pressure;
a reverse flushing mode: the method comprises the steps of firstly changing the working positions of a high-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve and a low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve so as to change the flow direction of hydrogen, then closing an electromagnetic valve, opening the electromagnetic valve again after the pressure of the hydrogen in a fuel cell stack is reduced to a set value of the low-pressure electric control pressure reducing valve, performing reverse flushing by using the pressure difference, then restoring the working positions of a two-position three-way valve I and a two-position three-way valve II so as to restore the flow direction of the gas to the direction before the reverse flushing, and.
5. The fuel cell multi-mode switching anode pressure pulsating water washout control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the three working modes are specifically as follows:
and (3) a normal working mode: the electromagnetic valve is kept in an open state, the opening stations of the two-position three-way valve I and the two-position three-way valve II are respectively 1-3 and 4-5, namely a Mode I, and the pipeline pressure is Phigh；
Forward punching dieFormula (II): closing the electromagnetic valve, continuously consuming hydrogen by the fuel cell, and gradually reducing the pipeline pressure to PlowWhen the electromagnetic valve is opened again, a certain pressure difference of P is generated in the pipelinehigh-PlowSo as to flush the accumulated water of the anode in the fuel cell stack and then return to the normal working Mode I;
a reverse flushing mode: respectively changing the opening stations of the two-position three-way valve I and the two-position three-way valve II to be 2-3 and 4-6, closing the electromagnetic valve, continuously consuming hydrogen, and gradually reducing the pressure of the pipeline to PlowOpening the solenoid valve again by means of the pressure difference Phigh-PlowAnd flushing accumulated water in the galvanic pile, then respectively switching the two-position three-way valve I and the two-position three-way valve II back to 1-3 and 4-5, and then returning to a normal working mode.
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| CN109950580B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆大学 | Low-cost fuel cell stack anode working pressure rapid regulating system |
| CN111430750B (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2023-02-17 | 重庆大学 | Intelligent control system for anode pressure of fuel cell automobile stack |
| CN112349930A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-02-09 | 福建亚南电机有限公司 | Fuel cell system and anode control method |
| CN112820901B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 华中科技大学 | Method for solving water flooding problem of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in closed environment |
| CN113594493B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-06-03 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Control method and device for fuel cell cooling system and storage medium |
| CN116646556B (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2024-04-30 | 昆明理工大学 | Air inlet and exhaust system of air-cooled cathode open type proton exchange membrane fuel cell and control method |
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