CN109212592A - A kind of prestack orientation P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of prestack orientation P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture and device.The crack detection method is the following steps are included: 1) the superposition trace gather seismic amplitude data along target zone extraction unit section based on orientation；2) each orientation amplitude information that step 1) obtains is projected in polar coordinates；3) ellipse fitting is carried out to one group of sample point that projection obtains in step 2)；4) the optimal elliptic parameter solution of the elliptic equation of fitting is solved；5) elliptic geometry parameter is determined based on the optimal elliptic parameter solution.The invention proposes a kind of prestack orientation P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture, extract P wave prestack and divide orientation amplitude, solve elliptic equation and carry out FRACTURE PREDICTION, important technological means and appraisal tool can be provided for the exploration and development of fractured reservoirs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil gas field of geophysical exploration, split more particularly, to a kind of prestack orientation P wave anisotropy
Stitch detection method and device.
Background technique
Seismic horizon curvature can be used to describe the bending degree on stratum, and then it is big to characterize stress suffered by stratum
Fractured Zone that is small, therefore being used to predict to be formed by stress.Using maximum curvature, minimum curvature, maximum positive camber,
The attributes such as minimum negative cruvature can effectively make up deficiency of the coherence properties when crack is predicted in the work area.Currently, being provided using earthquake
Expect to carry out the technology of fracture detection and be divided into two major classes according to the difference of data used: one kind is poststack Predicting Technique, Yi Leishi
Prestack Predicting Technique.Common poststack technology has coherent analysis technology, image processing techniques, curvature analysis technology, inclination angle detection skill
Art, stress analysis technique etc., they are usually inputted based on poststack seismic data, and research is in entire netted fracture system
The fracture of those large scales, from prediction effect prediction be netted fracture system skeleton and profile, in the plane
Linear distribution, negligible amounts；And the small-sized or micro-fracture system huger to smaller scale, quantity, poststack fracture prediction skill
Art is at all helpless.Why poststack fracture prediction technology fails, and basic reason is the information content of poststack seismic data
It is smaller, lack offset distance information and azimuth information, loses with azimuthal anisotropy and detect the theoretical foundation of micro-fracture
The basis and.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of prestack prediction technique for detecting micro-fracture with azimuthal anisotropy.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason to general background technique of the invention
Solution, and it is known to those skilled in the art existing to be not construed as recognizing or imply that the information is constituted in any form
Technology.
Summary of the invention
In the tight formations such as carbonate rock, tight sand, oil and gas reserves and yield account for about world's oil and gas reserves and yield
Half, oil gas and crack are in close relations in the tight formations such as carbonate rock, tight sand, it is thus determined that the area of fracture development
Domain, orientation and density are of great significance in Fractured oil-gas exploration.Physical model experiment and number in vertical orientation crack
During all confirming seismic prospecting in value simulation, P wave shows very strong azimuthal anisotropy when through geology crack body
Feature, P wave reflection amplitude and travelling when it is related with survey line and fracture orientation, when survey line is parallel with crack amplitude most by force, travel when
Most short, with the increase of survey line and crack angle, amplitude gradually weakens, the time is progressively longer, until survey line is vertical with fractuer direction
When, amplitude is most weak, time longest.According to these features, had been achieved in terms of carrying out Crack Detection using P wave fairly perfect
Method and technology and achievement, and real data application in achieve success.In addition, in order to overcome poststack FRACTURE PREDICTION skill
The shortcomings that art, has the characteristics that data volume is big using Prestack seismic data, contains much information, and detection is included in prestack (observation) side
The seismic response information of micro-fracture detects entire rupture System in position-offset distance (incidence angle) two-dimension time-space domain, has relatively strong
Theoretical foundation and data basis.Therefore, it the invention proposes a kind of prestack orientation P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture, mentions
P wave prestack point orientation amplitude is taken, elliptic equation is solved and carries out FRACTURE PREDICTION, can be mentioned for the exploration and development of fractured reservoirs
For important technological means and appraisal tool.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of prestack orientation P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture.The method can
With the following steps are included:
1) the superposition trace gather seismic amplitude data along target zone extraction unit section based on orientation；
2) each orientation amplitude information that step 1) obtains is projected in polar coordinates；
3) ellipse fitting is carried out to one group of sample point that projection obtains in step 2)；
4) the optimal elliptic parameter solution of the elliptic equation of fitting is solved；
5) elliptic geometry parameter is determined based on the optimal elliptic parameter solution.
It is preferably based on oval general equation Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+ Dx+Ey+F=0 defines a sample point on projection plane
(x, y) arrives elliptical geometric distance are as follows:
D (a, x)=Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F (1)
Wherein, a=[A B C D E F]T, x=[x2 xy y2 x y 1]T。
Preferably, the optimal elliptic parameter solution under least square meaning is acquired by following formula:
Preferably, by way of equation (1) is expressed as generalized eigenvalue problem:
GTGa=λ Ha (3)
Wherein, λ is characterized value, and H is constraint matrix, and a is feature vector a=[A B C D E F]T,X in formula1,x2,...,xnFor the 1st, abscissa of the 2nd ... nth point, y1,y2,...,
ynFor the 1st, ordinate of the 2nd ... nth point；
Numerical relation based on elliptic parameterConstraint matrixSolution side
Formula (3) is to obtain feature vector a.
Preferably, it is calculated by the following formula elliptic geometry parameter:
Wherein, (xe,ye) it is elliptical center relative coordinate, a, b are transverse length, minor axis length, and θ is transverse
With the angle of direct north.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of prestack orientation P wave anisotropy crack detecting device.Described device
Including memory, processor and store the computer program that can be run on a memory and on a processor, which is characterized in that
The processor performs the steps of when executing described program
1) the superposition trace gather seismic amplitude data along target zone extraction unit section based on orientation；
2) each orientation amplitude information that step 1) obtains is projected in polar coordinates；
3) ellipse fitting is carried out to one group of sample point that projection obtains in step 2)；
4) the optimal elliptic parameter solution of the elliptic equation of fitting is solved；
5) elliptic geometry parameter is determined based on the optimal elliptic parameter solution.
It is preferably based on oval general equation Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+ Dx+Ey+F=0 defines a sample point on projection plane
(x, y) arrives elliptical geometric distance are as follows:
D (a, x)=Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F (1)
Wherein, a=[A B C D E F]T, x=[x2 xy y2 x y 1]T。
Preferably, the optimal elliptic parameter solution under least square meaning is acquired by following formula:
Preferably, by way of equation (1) is expressed as generalized eigenvalue problem:
GTGa=λ Ha (3)
Wherein, λ is characterized value, and H is constraint matrix, and a is feature vector a=[A B C D E F]T,X in formula1,x2,...,xnFor the 1st, abscissa of the 2nd ... nth point, y1,y2,...,
ynFor the 1st, ordinate of the 2nd ... nth point；
Numerical relation based on elliptic parameterConstraint matrixIt solves
Equation (3) is to obtain feature vector a.
Preferably, it is calculated by the following formula elliptic geometry parameter:
Wherein, (xe,ye) it is elliptical center relative coordinate, a, b are transverse length, minor axis length, and θ is transverse
With the angle of direct north.
Prestack prediction technique of the present invention is a kind of prestack orientation wave anisotropy crack P inspection based on elliptic equation
Survey method.Very strong azimuthal anisotropy feature: the orientation of its Prestack seismic data is shown when through crack body according to P wave
The multiple parameters such as amplitude, NMO speed, frequency, wave impedance and amplitude decaying all with azimuthal oval variation of difference,
By being fitted solution overdetermined equation by model of elliptic equation to one group of sample point in given plane (channel set) range
Group makes the elliptic equation in unit plane as far as possible close to these sample number strong points, so that the parameters of the elliptic equation are obtained,
Development direction and the intensity of acquiring unit range internal fissure body are achieved the purpose that.
Methods and apparatus of the present invention has other characteristics and advantages, these characteristics and advantages are attached from what is be incorporated herein
It will be apparent in figure and subsequent specific embodiment, or will be in the attached drawing and subsequent specific implementation being incorporated herein
It is stated in detail in example, these the drawings and specific embodiments are used together to explain specific principle of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the present is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of the invention is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical reference label is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 is the stream of the prestack orientation P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture of exemplary implementation scheme according to the present invention
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 2 is the result that the superposition of data based on orientation extracts；
Fig. 3 is orientation amplitude perspective view；
Fig. 4 is ellipse fitting exemplary diagram；
Fig. 5 is orientation amplitude ellipse fitting exemplary diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the preferred embodiment of the present invention in attached drawing,
However, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.On the contrary, providing
These embodiments are of the invention more thorough and complete in order to make, and can will fully convey the scope of the invention to ability
The technical staff in domain.
Below with reference to the wave anisotropy crack the prestack orientation P according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention inspection of Fig. 1 detailed description
Survey method.This method specifically includes that
Step 1: the superposition trace gather seismic amplitude data along target zone extraction unit section based on orientation.
As shown, the superposition of data based on orientation is extracted shown in Fig. 2 of result, and horizontal axis represents azimuth, and unit is degree (°),
It is as shown in the figure 6 azimuthal 6 seismic datas such as 15 °, 45 °, 75 °, 105 °, 135 °, 165 °.Azimuth coverage 0 °-
360 °, seismic data is distributed wherein according to the queueing discipline of acquisition observation system；The longitudinal axis represents the sampling time, unit ms,
At 1410ms, the corresponding amplitude data of per pass is taken out.In Fig. 2, Azimuth represents the current azimuth for choosing road, Angle generation
Table incidence angle (meaningless in the present invention), Time represent the current current time for choosing road, and Value, which is represented, currently chooses road
Amplitude.
Step 2: each orientation amplitude information that step 1) obtains is projected in polar coordinates.
Fig. 3 is orientation amplitude perspective view.In polar coordinate system shown in Fig. 2, different direction projects 1 amplitude points, currently
There are 6 points to be projected in polar coordinates.
Step 3: ellipse fitting is carried out to one group of sample point that projection obtains in step 2).
The basic principle of ellipse fitting is as follows:
To one group of sample point in given plane, it is fitted by model of elliptic equation, makes a certain elliptic equation as far as possible
Meet these data points (as shown in Figure 4).
The elliptical general equation in orientation are as follows:
Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+ Dx+Ey+F=0
It can define a sample point (x, y) on projection plane and arrive elliptical geometric distance are as follows:
D (a, x)=Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F (1)
Wherein, A, B, C, D, E, F are the parameters of orientation ellipse general equation, a=[A B C D E F]T, x=[x2
xy y2 x y 1]T。
Step 4: solving the optimal elliptic parameter solution of the elliptic equation of fitting.
The optimal elliptic parameter solution under least square meaning can be acquired by following formula:
It is as follows that equation (1) can be write as matrix form:
Ga=0
Expansion is are as follows:
Wherein, x1,x2,...,xnFor the 1st, abscissa of the 2nd ... nth point, y1,y2,...,ynFor the 1st, the 2nd ... nth point
Ordinate.
Equation (1) can also be write as the form of generalized eigenvalue problem:
GTGa=λ Ha (3)
Wherein, λ is characterized value, and H is constraint matrix, and a is feature vector a=[A B C D E F]T。
Numerical relation based on elliptic parameterConstraint matrixIt solves
Above equation can obtain six eigenvalue λs, wherein only unique λ ∈ R+And its corresponding feature value vector a is non trivial solution.
Document " Andrew Fitzgibbon, Pilu, Robert B.Fisher.Direct Least Square Fitting of
Ellipses[J].IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,
1999,21 (5) " are proved broad aspects system and there was only 1 positive characteristic value, and the corresponding feature vector of this characteristic value is
Striked elliptical parameter vector.
Step 5: elliptic geometry parameter is determined based on the optimal elliptic parameter solution.
The element in a is optimal elliptic parameter value at this time, passes through general equation oval in analytic geometry and elliptic parameter
Relationship, elliptic geometry parameter can be calculated as follows:
Wherein, (xe,ye) it is elliptical center relative coordinate, a, b are transverse length, minor axis length, and θ is transverse
With the angle of direct north.
At this point, the elliptic parameter θ of parsing represents the direction (trend) in crack, elliptical ratio of semi-minor axis length a/b is represented
The growth strength in the statistical regions crack, as shown in Figure 5.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of the embodiment of the present invention only for illustratively saying
The beneficial effect of bright the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
In the principle, practical application or improvement to the technology in market for best explaining each embodiment, or make the art
Other those of ordinary skill can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prestack orientation P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture, which is characterized in that the crack detection method includes following
Step:
1) the superposition trace gather seismic amplitude data along target zone extraction unit section based on orientation；
2) each orientation amplitude information that step 1) obtains is projected in polar coordinates；
3) ellipse fitting is carried out to one group of sample point that projection obtains in step 2)；
4) the optimal elliptic parameter solution of the elliptic equation of fitting is solved；
5) elliptic geometry parameter is determined based on the optimal elliptic parameter solution.
2. P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture in prestack orientation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that based on ellipse
General equation Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+ Dx+Ey+F=0 defines a sample point (x, y) on projection plane and arrives elliptical geometric distance are as follows:
D (a, x)=Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F (1)
Wherein, a=[A B C D E F]T, x=[x2 xy y2 x y 1]T。
3. P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture in prestack orientation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that by following
Formula acquires the optimal elliptic parameter solution under least square meaning:
4. P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture in prestack orientation according to claim 3, which is characterized in that by will be square
Formula (1) is expressed as the form of generalized eigenvalue problem:
GTGa=λ Ha (3)
Wherein, λ is characterized value, and H is constraint matrix, and a is feature vector a=[A B C D E F]T,
X in formula1,x2,...,xnFor the 1st, abscissa of the 2nd ... nth point,
y1,y2,...,ynFor the 1st, ordinate of the 2nd ... nth point；
Numerical relation based on elliptic parameterConstraint matrixSolve equation
(3) to obtain feature vector a.
5. P wave method for detecting anisotropic fracture in prestack orientation according to claim 4, which is characterized in that by following
Formula calculates elliptic geometry parameter:
Wherein, (xe,ye) it is elliptical center relative coordinate, a, b are transverse length, minor axis length, and θ is for transverse and just
The north to angle.
6. a kind of prestack orientation P wave anisotropy crack detecting device, which is characterized in that described device includes memory, processing
Device and storage are on a memory and the computer program that can run on a processor, which is characterized in that the processor execution
It is performed the steps of when described program
1) the superposition trace gather seismic amplitude data along target zone extraction unit section based on orientation；
2) each orientation amplitude information that step 1) obtains is projected in polar coordinates；
3) ellipse fitting is carried out to one group of sample point that projection obtains in step 2)；
4) the optimal elliptic parameter solution of the elliptic equation of fitting is solved；
5) elliptic geometry parameter is determined based on the optimal elliptic parameter solution.
7. P wave anisotropy crack detecting device in prestack orientation according to claim 6, which is characterized in that based on ellipse
General equation Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+ Dx+Ey+F=0 defines a sample point (x, y) on projection plane and arrives elliptical geometric distance are as follows:
D (a, x)=Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F (1)
Wherein, a=[A B C D E F]T, x=[x2 xy y2 x y 1]T。
8. P wave anisotropy crack detecting device in prestack orientation according to claim 7, which is characterized in that by following
Formula acquires the optimal elliptic parameter solution under least square meaning:
9. P wave anisotropy crack detecting device in prestack orientation according to claim 8, which is characterized in that by will be square
Formula (1) is expressed as the form of generalized eigenvalue problem:
GTGa=λ Ha (3)
Wherein, λ is characterized value, and H is constraint matrix, and a is feature vector a=[A B C D E F]T,
X in formula1,x2,...,xnFor the 1st, abscissa of the 2nd ... nth point,
y1,y2,...,ynFor the 1st, ordinate of the 2nd ... nth point；
Numerical relation based on elliptic parameterConstraint matrixSolve equation
(3) to obtain feature vector a.
10. P wave anisotropy crack detecting device in prestack orientation according to claim 9, which is characterized in that by following
Formula calculates elliptic geometry parameter:
Wherein, (xe,ye) it is elliptical center relative coordinate, a, b are transverse length, minor axis length, and θ is for transverse and just
The north to angle.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109725350A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of method, apparatus and system of determining longitudinal wave azimuthal anisotropy parameter |
| CN111767647A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for quantitatively calculating scale of structural cracks in shale |
| CN112198549A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Pre-stack crack determination method and system based on seismic forward modeling template |
| CN112394408A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Anisotropic medium crack prediction method and device |
| CN112649853A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracture parameter prediction method and system based on post-stack data |
| CN112684502A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crack prediction method and system based on orientation travel time difference |
| CN113091639A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江华东测绘与工程安全技术有限公司 | Shield tunnel segment dislocation extraction method |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109725350A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of method, apparatus and system of determining longitudinal wave azimuthal anisotropy parameter |
| CN109725350B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining longitudinal wave azimuth anisotropy parameters |
| CN112198549A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Pre-stack crack determination method and system based on seismic forward modeling template |
| CN112198549B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Pre-stack crack determination method and system based on seismic forward modeling board |
| CN112649853A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracture parameter prediction method and system based on post-stack data |
| CN112649853B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2023-08-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crack parameter prediction method and system based on post-stack data |
| CN112684502A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crack prediction method and system based on orientation travel time difference |
| CN111767647A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for quantitatively calculating scale of structural cracks in shale |
| CN111767647B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-09-14 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for quantitatively calculating scale of structural cracks in shale |
| CN112394408A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Anisotropic medium crack prediction method and device |
| CN113091639A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江华东测绘与工程安全技术有限公司 | Shield tunnel segment dislocation extraction method |
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Application publication date: 20190115 |