CN109212159B - Multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001089723 Metaphycus omega Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device which comprises a base, a linear guide rail and a metal cone tip. The upper part of the linear guide rail is provided with a data acquisition and display system container with a built-in pressure reader, a resistance reader and a temperature reader; the middle part of the linear guide rail is provided with a probe bracket, the surface of the probe bracket is provided with a displacement scale, and the displacement scale is provided with a displacement pointer; the bottom of the probe bracket is connected with a conical metal probe through a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor is arranged at the conical tip position in the conical metal probe; the temperature sensor is covered with an insulating material; the probe bracket is provided with a pressurizing rod; the pressure reading instrument is connected with the pressure sensor; the resistance reader is respectively connected with the metal cone tip and the conical metal probe; the temperature reader is connected with the temperature sensor. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a detection method of the device. According to the invention, the detection precision of the soil freezing condition is ensured by simultaneously measuring the resistance, the temperature and the strength of the soil sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of frozen soil detection, in particular to a multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device and a detection method thereof.
Background
Frozen soil refers to rock and soil mass with temperature equal to or lower than 0 ℃ and ice. In China, the distribution of frozen soil is very wide, wherein the permafrost region accounts for about 22% of the area of the soil in China, the most area of the North of Yangtze river is a seasonal frozen soil region, and almost all areas except for Hainan are short-time frozen soil regions. The frozen soil areas which are widely distributed in this way lead to a great deal of engineering construction and agricultural activities in China to inevitably encounter frozen soil. The influence of frozen soil can be ignored in most activities, however, the influence of frozen soil must be considered in some special projects (such as dam construction and the like) or agricultural activities, otherwise, huge adverse effects can be caused.
Although the frozen soil research in China has achieved a certain result, the judgment on whether the soil body is frozen or not and the freezing strength is simpler for the related research institutions or the personnel in the specific area, and the method can be completed without any instrument and equipment. However, the difficulty of discriminating frozen soil is still large for engineering and agricultural personnel who rarely contact the frozen soil. Although it is possible to determine whether the soil is frozen by sampling for laboratory tests or by a professional for identification, this method is impractical for normal activities and therefore a device is needed that can achieve on-site rapid detection of whether frozen soil blocks are frozen or not. Qihao et al (Qihao, zhanghaining, wang Junfeng, guo Lei, ma Lishan, xie Yanli, quick detection device for frozen strength of backfill in frozen soil area: china, 2015127373.7 [ P ]. 2015.10.28) propose a device for quickly judging the strength of frozen soil blocks, but the device only judges the strength of the soil blocks, but cannot judge whether the soil blocks are frozen or not.
In the existing judging method of whether the soil body is frozen or not, a method for measuring the temperature of the soil body by adopting a thermal infrared method, a thermocouple method or a thermistor method is more commonly used. However, the freezing temperature of the soil body can be changed due to different salinity or pressure in the soil body, so that the judgment of the freezing condition of the soil body by a temperature measurement method is not particularly accurate, and especially the defect is obvious in the engineering which is sensitive to the freezing condition of the soil body. The prior researches show that the strength and the dielectric constant of the frozen soil body can be obviously changed, however, the differences of the single physical properties of the soil body can be influenced by various factors, and the error is large when the frozen soil body is used for judging whether the soil body is frozen or not. Therefore, the existing instruments and equipment cannot meet the requirements of the equipment for judging whether the soil is frozen or not on site in the activities of actual engineering, agriculture and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device for simultaneously collecting three parameters of temperature, resistance and strength of a soil sample.
The invention aims to provide a detection method of the multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device.
In order to solve the problems, the multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device provided by the invention is characterized in that: the device comprises a base, a linear guide rail arranged on one side of the base and a metal cone tip arranged in the center of the base; the upper part of the linear guide rail is provided with a data acquisition and display system container with a built-in pressure reader, a resistance reader and a temperature reader; the middle part of the linear guide rail is provided with a probe bracket, the surface of the linear guide rail is provided with a displacement scale, and the displacement scale is provided with a displacement pointer with the tail end fixed on the probe bracket; the bottom of the probe bracket is connected with a conical metal probe through a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor is arranged at the conical tip position in the conical metal probe; the temperature sensor is covered with an insulating material; the probe bracket is provided with a pressurizing rod with a pressurizing handle; the pressure reader is connected with the pressure sensor; the resistance reader is respectively connected with the metal cone tip and the conical metal probe; the temperature reader is connected with the temperature sensor.
The data acquisition and display system container and the probe support are parallel to the base.
The tip of the metal cone tip and the cone tip of the conical metal probe are positioned on the same straight line and are oppositely distributed.
The temperature sensor is a thermistor or a thermocouple with temperature measurement precision higher than +/-0.5 ℃ and temperature measurement sensitivity higher than +/-0.1 ℃.
The force measurement precision of the pressure sensor is 1N.
The pressure reader is connected with the pressure sensor, the resistance reader is connected with the metal cone tip, the conical metal probe and the temperature reader is connected with the temperature sensor through data transmission lines.
The detection method of the multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device comprises the following steps of:
manufacturing a standard columnar soil sample;
placing the columnar soil sample on a base, and inserting a metal cone tip into the center of the bottom surface of the columnar soil sample to tightly contact the columnar soil sample;
thirdly, a conical metal probe with a built-in temperature sensor is contacted with the center of the top surface of the columnar soil sample, and the resistance of the columnar soil sample is read by a resistance reader;
fourthly, pressurizing by a pressurizing handle to enable the pressure sensor and the conical metal probe to downwards displace by 0.1-2 cm;
fifthly, using a pressure reader to read pressure extreme values and average values in the pressing process;
sixthly, placing the conical metal probe in the columnar soil sample for 1-5 minutes, and reading the temperature value of the soil sample after the reading of the temperature reader is stable;
and recording the resistance, pressure and temperature values of the detected soil sample, and judging whether the soil body is frozen or not:
if the soil layer temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the soil body is not frozen, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃ and the soil body strength is less than or equal to the critical strength Sc, the soil body is not frozen, and the soil body is possibly cold soil, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃ and the soil body strength is greater than the critical strength Sc and the soil body resistance is less than or equal to the critical resistance Rc, the soil body is not frozen, and the soil body is supercooled gravel soil possibly, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the soil body strength is greater than the critical strength Sc, and the soil body resistance is greater than the critical resistance Rc, the soil body is frozen.
The principle of the invention is as follows: after the soil body is frozen, various physical and mechanical properties, such as temperature reduction and great increase of soil body strength and resistivity, can be changed, so that whether the soil body is frozen or not can be judged by measuring the physical and mechanical properties of the soil body. In the existing judging method of whether the soil body is frozen or not, a method for measuring the temperature of the soil body by adopting a thermal infrared, thermocouple or thermistor is more commonly used, and the method generally takes the temperature of less than or equal to 0 ℃ as a criterion of soil body freezing. However, the freezing temperature of the soil body is reduced due to the change of the salinity or the pressure of the soil body, and under the condition that the freezing temperature of the soil body on a construction site is unknown, a certain error may exist in the judgment of the freezing condition of the soil body by a temperature measurement method, and cold soil may be misjudged as frozen soil. After the soil sample is frozen, the mechanical strength of the soil sample is greatly improved, and the soil freezing condition can be judged by utilizing the property. However, the mechanical strength of the soil sample is greatly changed due to the changes of the compactness and lithology materials of the soil body, and the method can misjudge unfrozen high-compactness soil or gravel-containing soil as frozen soil, so that the freezing condition of the soil body cannot be judged by simply testing the mechanical strength of the soil body. Similarly, if the resistance of the measured soil mass is used for detection, the frozen saline soil may be misjudged as the fused soil. Therefore, although the physical and mechanical properties of the frozen soil body can change significantly, whether the soil body is frozen or not cannot be judged according to the single physical and mechanical parameters obtained by measurement, and a multi-parameter method is needed to ensure the accuracy of the frozen soil field detection result. According to the method, three parameters of temperature, intensity and resistance of the soil sample are measured simultaneously, and the freezing condition of the soil sample is determined through comprehensive comparison analysis of the three parameters: taking the temperature of the soil sample as a primary judgment basis, and taking the soil sample as melting soil when the temperature of the soil sample is higher than 0 ℃; when the temperature of the soil sample is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the soil sample is not frozen due to the reduction of the freezing temperature, namely the soil sample is cold soil, so that the auxiliary judgment is needed by adopting other parameters, and the soil sample can be judged to be frozen soil when the soil body is high in strength and high in resistance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention fills the blank of on-site rapid detection instrument and equipment for the soil freezing condition, and provides a simple and reliable method and equipment for judging the soil freezing condition for non-professional engineering personnel, thereby greatly reducing the cost generated by consultation and construction period extension in the aspect of frozen soil judgment in the geotechnical engineering construction process.
2. The invention innovatively realizes simultaneous measurement of three indexes of temperature, resistance and strength of the soil sample, can effectively avoid the situation that cold soil is misjudged as frozen soil when only a temperature method is adopted at present, and can also effectively avoid the phenomenon that soil moisture migrates to the probe measuring point position under the action of external heat transfer process and probe pressure and conflicts exist among different detection index judgment results caused by the heat transfer process when three parameters of the soil sample are respectively tested for a long time, thereby ensuring the detection precision of the freezing condition of the soil body.
3. Since measurement of the frozen soil strength is carried out indoors by a special high-precision instrument, the measurement cannot be carried out on a construction site. The invention innovatively applies the principle of the standard penetration test in the soil body in-situ test to the research and development of the instrument for rapidly detecting the frozen soil, thereby realizing the purpose of distinguishing the mechanical strength of a smaller soil sample on a construction site and providing important basis for distinguishing the freezing condition of the soil body.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a conical metal probe in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a base; 2-a metal cone tip; 3-linear guide rails; 4-a data acquisition and display system container; 5-a pressure reader; 6-resistance reader; 7-a temperature reader; 8-displacement scale; 9-a pressurizing handle; 10-a pressurizing rod; 11-a probe holder; 12-displacing the pointer; 13-a pressure sensor; 14-conical metal probe; 15-insulating material; 16-a temperature sensor; 17-data transmission line.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1-3, the device comprises a base 1, a linear guide rail 3 arranged on one side of the base 1 and a metal cone tip 2 arranged in the center of the base 1.
The upper part of the linear guide rail 3 is provided with a data acquisition and display system container 4 with a built-in pressure reader 5, a resistance reader 6 and a temperature reader 7; the middle part of the linear guide rail 3 is provided with a probe bracket 11, the surface of the linear guide rail is provided with a displacement scale 8, and the displacement scale 8 is provided with a displacement pointer 12 with the tail end fixed on the probe bracket 11; the bottom of the probe bracket 11 is connected with a conical metal probe 14 through a pressure sensor 13, and a temperature sensor 16 is arranged at the conical tip position in the conical metal probe 14; the temperature sensor 16 is covered with an insulating material 15; the probe bracket 11 is provided with a pressurizing rod 10 with a pressurizing handle 9; the pressure reader 5 is connected with the pressure sensor 13; the resistance reader 6 is respectively connected with the metal cone tip 2 and the conical metal probe 14; the temperature reader 7 is connected to a temperature sensor 16.
Wherein: the data acquisition and display system container 4 and the probe holder 11 are parallel to the base 1.
The tip of the metal cone tip 2 and the cone tip of the conical metal probe 14 are on the same straight line and are oppositely arranged to form a resistance sensor.
The temperature sensor 16 is a thermistor or thermocouple with a temperature measurement accuracy higher than + -0.5 deg.c and a temperature measurement sensitivity higher than + -0.1 deg.c.
The force measurement accuracy of the pressure sensor is 1N.
The pressure reader 5 and the pressure sensor, the resistance reader 6 and the metal cone tip 2 and the conical metal probe 14, and the temperature reader 7 and the temperature sensor 16 are all connected through a data transmission line 17.
The detection method of the multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a standard columnar soil sample;
placing the columnar soil sample on a base 1, and inserting a metal cone tip 2 (namely a lower resistance sensor) into the center of the bottom surface of the columnar soil sample so as to tightly contact the columnar soil sample;
thirdly, the conical metal probe 14 (namely an upper resistance sensor) with the built-in temperature sensor 16 is contacted with the center of the top surface of the columnar soil sample, and the resistance of the columnar soil sample is read by the resistance reader 6;
the pressure sensor 13 and the conical metal probe 14 are downwards displaced by 0.1-2 cm by pressurizing through the pressurizing handle 9;
fifthly, using a pressure reader 5 to read pressure extreme values and average values in the pressing process;
the conical metal probe 14 is placed in a columnar soil sample for 1-5 minutes, and the temperature value of the soil sample is read after the reading of the temperature reader 7 is stable;
and recording the resistance, pressure and temperature values of the detected soil sample, and judging whether the soil body is frozen or not:
if the soil layer temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the soil body is not frozen, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃ and the soil body strength is less than or equal to the critical strength Sc, the soil body is not frozen, and the soil body is possibly cold soil, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃ and the soil body strength is greater than the critical strength Sc and the soil body resistance is less than or equal to the critical resistance Rc, the soil body is not frozen, and the soil body is supercooled gravel soil possibly, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the soil body strength is greater than the critical strength Sc, and the soil body resistance is greater than the critical resistance Rc, the soil body is frozen.
The freeze strength was determined according to table 1.
TABLE 1 soil sample freezing Strength discrimination System
Note that: the critical temperature and intensity value need to be corrected according to the actual soil property.
Example 1
To verify the utility of the present invention, samples of soil were prepared in the laboratory and tested according to the procedure described in the detailed description.
As a result of the test, the resistance of the soil sample was about 50Ω, the maximum strength was 64N, and the temperature was 11.6 ℃. According to Table 1, the soil sample was a fused soil. The test results show that the soil sample has very low strength, and the soil sample is damaged by the pressing process.
Example 2
To verify the utility of the invention, samples of frozen soil were prepared in the laboratory and tested according to the procedure described in the detailed description.
As a result of the test, the resistance of the soil sample was found to be about 5.59 M.OMEGA., the maximum strength was 405N, and the temperature was found to be-9.3 ℃. According to table 1, the soil sample was frozen soil, and as can be seen from table 2, the soil sample was strongly frozen soil. The test result shows that the soil sample is complete after the test, has no cracking sign, and shows that the soil sample has higher strength and is consistent with the detection result.
Comparing the embodiment 1 with the embodiment 2, the invention can accurately identify whether the soil body is frozen or not, can also test the freezing strength condition of the soil body, and has higher use value.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device is characterized in that: the device comprises a base (1), a linear guide rail (3) arranged on one side of the base (1) and a metal cone tip (2) arranged in the center of the base (1); the upper part of the linear guide rail (3) is provided with a data acquisition and display system container (4) with a built-in pressure reader (5), a resistance reader (6) and a temperature reader (7); the middle part of the linear guide rail (3) is provided with a probe bracket (11), the surface of the linear guide rail is provided with a displacement scale (8), and the displacement scale (8) is provided with a displacement pointer (12) with the tail end fixed on the probe bracket (11); the bottom of the probe bracket (11) is connected with a conical metal probe (14) through a pressure sensor (13), and a temperature sensor (16) is arranged at the conical tip position in the conical metal probe (14); the temperature sensor (16) is covered with an insulating material (15); a pressurizing rod (10) with a pressurizing handle (9) is arranged on the probe bracket (11); the pressure reading instrument (5) is connected with the pressure sensor (13); the resistance reader (6) is respectively connected with the metal cone tip (2) and the conical metal probe (14); the temperature reader (7) is connected with the temperature sensor (16); the data acquisition and display system container (4) and the probe bracket (11) are parallel to the base (1); the tip of the metal cone tip (2) and the cone tip of the conical metal probe (14) are positioned on the same straight line and are oppositely distributed.
2. The multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature sensor (16) is a thermistor or a thermocouple with temperature measurement precision higher than +/-0.5 ℃ and temperature measurement sensitivity higher than +/-0.1 ℃.
3. The multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the force measurement precision of the pressure sensor is 1N.
4. The multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure reading instrument (5) is connected with the pressure sensor (13), the resistance reading instrument (6) is connected with the metal cone tip (2) and the conical metal probe (14), and the temperature reading instrument (7) is connected with the temperature sensor (16) through a data transmission line (17).
5. The detection method of the multi-parameter frozen soil on-site rapid detection device according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
manufacturing a standard columnar soil sample;
placing the columnar soil sample on a base (1), and inserting a metal conical tip (2) into the center of the bottom surface of the columnar soil sample to tightly contact the columnar soil sample;
thirdly, a conical metal probe (14) with a built-in temperature sensor (16) is contacted with the center of the top surface of the columnar soil sample, and the resistance of the columnar soil sample is read by a resistance reader (6);
the pressure sensor (13) and the conical metal probe (14) are downwards displaced by 0.1-2 cm by pressurizing through the pressurizing handle (9);
fifthly, using a pressure reader (5) to read pressure extreme values and average values in the pressing process;
the conical metal probe (14) is placed in the columnar soil sample for 1-5 minutes, and the temperature value of the soil sample is read after the reading of the temperature reader (7) is stable;
and recording the resistance, pressure and temperature values of the detected soil sample, and judging whether the soil body is frozen or not:
if the soil layer temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the soil body is not frozen, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃ and the soil body strength is less than or equal to the critical strength Sc, the soil body is not frozen, and the soil body is possibly cold soil, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃ and the soil body strength is greater than the critical strength Sc and the soil body resistance is less than or equal to the critical resistance Rc, the soil body is not frozen, and the soil body is supercooled gravel soil possibly, and the detection is stopped;
if the soil layer temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the soil body strength is greater than the critical strength Sc, and the soil body resistance is greater than the critical resistance Rc, the soil body is frozen.
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| CN109870477B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-05-14 | 凌贤长 | Non-contact frost heaving monomer for detecting soil and detection method thereof |
| CN109765260B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-05-14 | 凌贤长 | Flexible non-contact frost heaving monomer for detecting soil, detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN115183903B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-05-26 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Miniature single-channel temperature acquisition device |
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