CN109211802B - Method for monitoring dead masson pine infected with pine wilt disease - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring pinus massoniana died by pine wood nematode infection, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting 960nm, 760nm, 650nm and 540nm wave band canopy spectral reflectances of a masson pine canopy; 2) calculating ratio vegetation index RVI and vegetation state index alpha; 3) and calculating the spectral index beta, and obtaining the evaluation result of the pine wood nematode infection of the masson pine according to the calculated value of the beta. The invention extracts 960nm, 760nm, 650nm and 540nm spectral parameters closely related to the occurrence dynamics of the pine wood nematode disease of the masson pine on the basis of a spectral data analysis technology, predicts the disease-sensitive stage of the masson pine according to the ratio vegetation index and the spectral index, judges whether the disease can be detected by naked eyes or not according to the change rule of the spectral index and the change threshold value of the ratio vegetation index, and provides a basis for the nondestructive identification of forest health under unknown conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quantitative monitoring method for pine wilt disease, in particular to a method for monitoring pinus massoniana died by pine wilt disease infection.
Background
In China, more than 8000 kinds of forest diseases and insect pests are caused, more than 200 kinds of forest diseases and insect pests are often caused, and the forest diseases and insect pests are caused in a large area and are extremely serious. Early warning of diseases and insect pests is an important content for controlling the wide-range spread of the diseases and insect pests, maintaining the health of the forest and developing continuously. Pine Wilt Disease (Pine Wilt Disease), also known as Pine Wilt Disease or Pine Wilt Disease, was confirmed in 1971 to be Pine Wilt death caused by Pine nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). The disease mainly parasitizes pinus plants, is spread extremely quickly, once the disease is attacked, extremely serious loss is caused, and more than 40 countries list the disease as quarantine objects. The disease is discovered for the first time in Nanjing Zhongshan Ling in 1982 in China, and now the disease has spread to 113 counties in provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou and the like and parts of Taiwan and hong Kong, which cause great loss in forestry economy and forest ecology and serious damage to natural landscapes, and seriously threaten the safety of the Pinus massoniana and Pinus flava masson pine in famous scenic spots and main local trees.
The hyperspectral remote sensing simultaneously images earth surface ground objects by nanoscale ultrahigh spectral resolution and dozens or hundreds of wave bands to obtain continuous spectral information of the ground objects comprising forest resources. In the hyperspectral information of forest vegetation, features in the spectral dimension direction are mainly concentrated on absorption waveforms formed by changes of biochemical component contents in plant leaves, and the absorption waveforms substantially reflect the changes of absorption waveforms of substances (biochemical components such as chlorophyll) in plants. When plant diseases and insect pests invade vegetation, various nutrient elements of the infected plants are inevitably changed instantly, so that the spectral characteristics (absorption waveforms) of the affected forest regions (plants) are slightly changed correspondingly. The hyperspectral remote sensing can detect the slight spectral difference between the vegetation and healthy vegetation in the early stage of pest damage by virtue of the powerful spectral sensitivity, and provides possibility for early monitoring and early warning of forest pests.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for monitoring the dead masson pine infected by pine wilt disease.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for monitoring the death of masson pine infected by pine wilt disease comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring an image block according to the monitoring area, and preprocessing the image block to obtain fused image block data;
2) collecting 960nm, 760nm, 650nm and 540nm wave band canopy spectral reflectivities of the masson pine canopy for the fused image block data;
3) based on the reflectivity value, calculating a ratio vegetation index RVI and a vegetation state index alpha;
4) and calculating a spectral index beta based on the ratio vegetation index and the vegetation state index, and obtaining an evaluation result of the pine wood nematode disease infected by the masson pine according to the calculated value of the beta.
Preferably, the algorithm for rapidly extracting the masson pine died due to the pine wilt disease monitored by the satellite, wherein the RVI in the step 2) is calculated according to the formula:
RVI(960，650)＝ρ960/ρ650；
wherein, RVI(960，650)Vegetation index which is the ratio of the wave band 960 to 650 nm; rho960、ρ650Representing spectral reflectance values of 960nm and 650nm, respectively.
Preferably, the algorithm for rapidly extracting the masson pine died due to the pine wilt disease monitored by the satellite is that the calculation formula of the alpha in the step 2) is as follows:
α(540，760)＝ρ540/ρ760；
wherein alpha is(540，760)Vegetation state index at the wave band of 540 and 760 nm; rho540、ρ760Representing spectral reflectance values of 540nm and 760nm, respectively.
Preferably, the algorithm for rapidly extracting masson pine died due to the pine wilt disease monitored by the satellite is that the calculation formula of beta in the step 3) is as follows:
β＝RVI(960，650)/α(540，760)。
preferably, the rapid extraction algorithm for monitoring the pine tree died due to pine wilt disease by satellite comprises the following steps of, in the step 2), acquiring the spectral reflectance of the pine tree canopy: an ASD portable spectrum radiometer is adopted, and the ratio of the light to the infrared radiation is 10: 00-14: and measuring at a sun altitude angle of 50-60 degrees in a range of 00 degrees, wherein the probe is vertically downwards 1.6-1.8 m away from the top of the canopy during measurement, the measurement is repeated for 10 times per inoculated plant, and a standard reference plate is used for correcting before and after each measurement.
Preferably, the rapid extraction algorithm for monitoring the pine tree died due to pine wilt disease by satellite comprises the following steps of, in the step 2), acquiring the spectral reflectance of the pine tree canopy: and extracting hyper-spectral image data Hyperion images, and directly extracting the reflectivity of corresponding targets in the research area after accurate atmospheric correction.
Has the advantages that:
the invention extracts 960nm, 760nm, 650nm and 540nm spectral parameters closely related to the occurrence dynamics of the pine wood nematode disease of the masson pine on the basis of a spectral data analysis technology, predicts the disease-sensitive stage of the masson pine according to the ratio vegetation index and the spectral index, judges whether the disease can be detected by naked eyes or not according to the change rule of the spectral index and the change threshold value of the ratio vegetation index, and provides a basis for the nondestructive identification of forest health under unknown conditions. Meanwhile, the spectrum index is used for quantitatively simulating the number of disease-sensitive days, so that a foundation is laid for early monitoring of the pine wood nematode disease of the masson pine, and the prevention and control efficiency of the pine wood nematode disease of the forest is effectively improved. Meanwhile, a reliable basis and a method reference are provided for early monitoring and diagnosis of other forest diseases and insect pests.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1 modeling
In the masson pine forest area of the Olympic park in Beijing, 25 healthy adult masson pine are selected as pine wood nematode inoculation strains, and 5 healthy adult masson pine are selected as control strains. Source of inoculated nematodes used in the experiments: is obtained from the Chinese pine segment which is naturally infected and dead in Beijing. Cutting the diseased wood by a Bowman's funnel method, cutting into pieces, wrapping with gauze, placing in a Bewman funnel, adding an appropriate amount of water, separating at normal temperature for 14-16 h, then taking 12ml from the lower part of the funnel, separating the pine wood nematodes on the diseased wood, manually picking the pine wood nematodes under a microscope for purification, inoculating on a PSA culture medium of Botrytis cinerea, and culturing in an incubator at 26 ℃ for later use. The strain-fixed inoculation experiment was performed at 2015, 6 months and 10 days. The inoculation adopts a skin grafting method: a T-shaped wound is cut at the lower part of a main stem of a pine seedling by using a sterilized scalpel, the wound is deep and is deep in xylem, a tree bark is lifted, sterilized absorbent cotton is plugged, 0.2mL of nematode suspension is injected onto the absorbent cotton, and then an inoculation part is sealed by parafilm to preserve moisture so as to be beneficial to nematode invasion. About 12000 nematodes were inoculated per masson pine plant, and 2 plants inoculated with sterile water were used as controls. The nematode quantity calculation method comprises the following steps: according to different disease stages and symptom characteristics, selecting branches with the most similar symptoms around a hyperspectral measurement point for sampling, investigating the number of nematodes in diseased trees, and taking healthy pines of a control group as controls during sampling each time. Uniformly shearing branches (the size of the matchwood stalks), weighing about 3-5 g, separating nematodes by using a Beemann funnel method, performing microscopic examination on pine wood nematodes by using an artificial microscope, recording the number of the nematodes, calculating the number of the nematodes in each gram of wood, and repeating the treatment for 3 times.
From the day of inoculation, the plant-based spectrum measurement is performed every 4 to 6 days (depending on the weather). The spectrometer is an American ASD field Spec HH portable spectrum radiometer, the wave band value of the radiometer is 350-1050 nm, the spectral resolution is 2nm, the sampling interval (wave band width) is 1-1.5 nm, and the field angle is 25 degrees. Clear and calm weather was selected and the spectral reflectance measurements were taken between 10 am and 2 pm. The calibration was performed with a barium sulfate white plate during the measurement. 10 canopy measurement points were selected for each plant, and 10 sets of data were taken each time. And (3) while measuring the spectrum, taking about 2g of fresh leaves at the measuring part and placing the fresh leaves into an ice box for later use. And after the spectral data are transmitted into a computer by a spectrometer, the spectral data are converted into reflectivity data, and data analysis processing (the wavelength data range is 325-1050 nm) is carried out by adopting spectral reflection curve analysis software carried by the spectrometer. Statistical analysis of the data was processed using Matlab software. The experimental result analysis shows that the spectral change of the healthy masson pine is not obvious, the average spectral index beta is about 40.48 +/-0.1 mg/g, the spectrum index beta of the susceptible strain shows a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the advancing of the susceptible days, and the spectrum index beta reaches the maximum value and then gradually decreases about the susceptible 21 d. After the spectral index β begins to decrease, the canopy leaf color begins to change and thereafter becomes visually recognizable.
And (5) predicting the spectrum index beta of the infected strain by using the spectrum parameters. The model is as follows:
β＝RVI(960，650)/α(540，760)。
RVI(960，650)vegetation status index factor used to determine whether a masson pine is infected by pine wilt disease: when RVI is(960，650)When the disease is less than 3.6, the infection of the masson pine wood nematode disease can be determined, and the disease is more than 56 days after the middle and later period; when alpha is(540，760)When the disease is more than 6, the pine wood nematode disease infected by the masson pine can be determined, and the disease-sensitive stage is in the early stage within 30 d; when alpha is(540，760)When the value is between 3.6 and 6, the judgment must be carried out by combining with corresponding beta quantitative calculation, when the beta value is lower than 25, the masson pine is judged to be infected by the pine wilt disease at the moment, and the masson pine is in the transition period from the middle period to the later period of the disease infection (between 25 days and 70 days), and the color of the canopy leaves is not obviously changed at the moment; when the beta value is higher than 25, the plant is not susceptible to diseases.
Example 2 model verification
The same inoculation experiment was performed in the Hanfu mountain landscape forest area, Nanjing City, 6 months 2010. 20 healthy adult pinus massoniana and 5 control plants are selected. The test implementation process and the measurement method are the same as in example 1, and specific measurement values are shown in table 1. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) for the masson pine area larger than 3000 square kilometers, 20 × 20 image blocks can be adopted, for the masson pine area smaller than 3000 square kilometers, 10 × 10 image blocks can be used for preprocessing the image blocks according to the monitored masson pine area image blocks to obtain fused image block data;
(2) collecting 960nm, 760nm, 650nm and 540nm wave band canopy spectral reflectivities of the masson pine canopy for the fused image block data;
(3) the ratio vegetation index RVI and the vegetation state index alpha are obtained by calculation(540，760)，RVI(960，650)＝ρ960/ρ650；α(540，760)＝ρ540/ρ760；
(4) And (3) quantitatively inverting and calculating the spectral index beta by using the model, and obtaining an evaluation result of the pine wood nematode disease infected by the masson pine according to the calculated value of the beta.
β＝RVI(960，650)/α(540，760)。
And (3) analyzing the results of the table 1, wherein the predicted relative error value of the spectral index beta is 3.05%, which shows that the model has good reliability and accuracy for quantitative prediction of the pine wood nematode disease of the masson pine, is worthy of popularization and application, and provides a mode for quantitative prediction of other forest diseases and insect pests.
TABLE 1 measurement results of spectral reflectance, vegetation state index and spectral index
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for monitoring the death of masson pine infected with pine wilt disease is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring an image block according to the monitoring area, and preprocessing the image block to obtain fused image block data;
2) collecting 960nm, 760nm, 650nm and 540nm wave band canopy spectral reflectivities of the masson pine canopy for the fused image block data;
3) based on the reflectivity value, calculating a ratio vegetation index RVI and a vegetation state index alpha;
4) calculating a spectral index beta based on the ratio vegetation index and the vegetation state index, obtaining an evaluation result of the pine wood nematode disease infected by the masson pine according to the calculated beta value, and when the beta value is lower than 25, infecting the pine wood nematode disease by the masson pine;
the RVI in the step 2) is calculated according to the formula:
RVI(960，650)＝ρ960/ρ650；
wherein, RVI(960，650)Vegetation index which is the ratio of the wave band 960 to 650 nm; rho960、ρ650Respectively represent spectral reflectance values of 960nm and 650 nm;
the calculation formula of alpha in the step 2) is as follows:
α(540，760)＝ρ540/ρ760；
wherein，α(540，760)Vegetation state index at the wave band of 540 and 760 nm; rho540、ρ760Respectively represent the spectral reflectance values of 540nm and 760 nm;
the calculation formula of beta in the step 3) is as follows:
β＝RVI(960，650)/α(540，760)。
2. the method for monitoring the pine tree died due to pine wilt disease according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the method for collecting the spectral reflectivity of the pine canopy is as follows: an ASD portable spectrum radiometer is adopted, and the ratio of the light to the infrared radiation is 10: 00-14: and measuring at a sun altitude angle of 50-60 degrees in a range of 00 degrees, wherein the probe is vertically downwards 1.6-1.8 m away from the top of the canopy during measurement, the measurement is repeated for 10 times per inoculated plant, and a standard reference plate is used for correcting before and after each measurement.
3. The method for monitoring the pine tree died due to pine wilt disease according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the method for collecting the spectral reflectivity of the pine canopy is as follows: and extracting hyper-spectral image data Hyperion images, and directly extracting the reflectivity of corresponding targets in the research area after accurate atmospheric correction.
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