CN102507453B - Hyperspectral monitoring method of pine wood nematode disease of black pine - Google Patents
Hyperspectral monitoring method of pine wood nematode disease of black pine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hyperspectral monitoring method of pine wood nematode disease of a black pine, which comprises performing spectral measurement on the canopy of the black pine by using a ground spectrometer or extracting the spectral reflectivity of the canopy at wavebands of 810nm, 450nm, 760nm and 675nm by using hyperspectral imaging data; performing spectral parameter transformation on the reflectivity to obtain spectral index NDVI (810,450) and DIR (760, 675); determining the content of chlorophyll (CHL) in the black pine; judging the quantitative index of black pine disease; and determining diseased days of diseased plants (gbday). On the basis of the hyperspectral data analysis technology, the invention extracts spectral parameters dynamically and closely related to occurrence of the pine wood nematode disease of the black pine, quantitatively predicts the content of CHL in each susceptive period, judges whether the black pine is diseased according to the change law of spectral indexes and the change threshold of CHL content before the disease can be identified by naked eyes, and provides a basis for nondestructive identification of forest health under unknown conditions. Meanwhile, diseased days are quantitatively simulated by using spectral parameters, which lays the foundation for early monitoring of pine wood nematode disease of black pines, and effectively improves the control effect of pine wood nematode disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pine nematode Quantitative Monitoring method, be specifically related to a kind of high spectrum monitoring method of utilizing high-spectrum remote-sensing analytical technology to carry out pine wood nematode disease of black pine.
Background technology
Chinese forest disease and pest has kind more than 8000, and what often work the mischief has a kind more than 200, and forest disease and pest large area occurs, and endangers very serious.Disease and pest is carried out to early warning, is the important content that disease and pest control spreads, safeguards Forest Health and sustainable development on a large scale.Pine nematode (Pine Wilt Disease) claim again pine tree wilt disease or pine wilt disease, is confirmed to be the pine tree withered death being caused by pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in 1971.This disease main parasitic pine genus plant, its spread in china is exceedingly fast, once morbidity will cause very serious loss, existing more than 40 countries are classified as quarantine object.China finds this disease from nineteen eighty-two first in the Zhongshan Tomb, Nanjing, now spread to Jiangsu, the some areas in the 113Ge county, province such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou and Taiwan and Hong Kong, cause massive losses on economy of forestry, forest ecology and the havoc of natural landscape, and the safety of the famous scenic spot of serious threat and main indigenous tree masson pine and Mount Huang black pine.
High-spectrum remote-sensing with nano level superelevation spectral resolution and tens or a hundreds of wave band simultaneously to topographical surface feature imaging, obtain and comprise the ground object continuous spectrum information of the forest reserves.In the hyperspectral information of forest cover, the feature of spectrum dimension direction mainly concentrates on the absorption waveform place forming because of the variation of biochemical composition content in plant leaf blade, and it has reflected in fact the absorption wave form varies of inside plants material biochemical compositions such as () chlorophyll.When after disease and pest invasion vegetation, the various nutrients of disease plant self are inevitable to change immediately, thereby the spectral signature (absorption waveform) of the forest zone that is injured (woods strain) will corresponding generation slight change.High-spectrum remote-sensing can detect vegetation with its powerful spectral response and encroach on trickle SPECTRAL DIVERSITY early stage and healthy vegetation at disease and pest, for the early monitoring early warning of forest disease and pest provides possibility.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of high spectrum monitoring method of pine wood nematode disease of black pine, by high-spectral data analytical technology, variation with disease plant chlorophyll content is dynamically served as theme, extract characteristic spectrum parameter, the generation of pine wood nematode disease of black pine is dynamically carried out to Quantitative Monitoring, judge the generation of pine nematode and carry out the quantification prediction of susceptible number of days.
Technical scheme: in order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of high spectrum monitoring method of pine wood nematode disease of black pine, comprises the following steps:
(1) use ground light spectrometer black pine canopy to be carried out spectral measurement or extracts 810nm and 450nm by airborne-remote sensing, 760nm and 675nm wave band canopy spectra reflectivity;
(2) reflectivity values of obtaining is carried out to spectrum parameter conversion, NDVI
(810,450)=(ρ
810-ρ
450)/(ρ
810+ ρ
450); DIR
(760,675)=ρ
760/ ρ
675; DIR
(760,675)=ρ
760/ ρ
675; Wherein NDVI
(810,450)for wave band 810 and Normalized difference vegetation index, the DIR of 450nm
(760,675)for wave band 760 and Ratio index, the ρ of 675nm
810, ρ
450, ρ
760, ρ
675represent respectively 810 nm, 450nm, the spectral reflectance values of 760 nm and 675nm;
(3) black pine chlorophyll content CHL(mg/g)=[1.26 × NDVI
(810,450)-0.95] × 10;
(4) the susceptible quantitative target of black pine is judged: work as DIR
(760,675)value is less than at 7.0 o'clock, and black pine infects pine nematode, in the middle and later periods; Work as DIR
(760,675)value is greater than at 12.5 o'clock, and black pine infects pine nematode, in commitment; Work as DIR
(760,675)while being worth between 7.0 ~ 12.5, chlorophyll content exceedes 1.32 ± 0.05mg/g, and black pine has infected pine nematode, in super early stage;
(5) determine the susceptible number of days gbday of susceptible strain, that is:
gbday（d）=784.7×[10×NDVI
（810，450）]－51.29×[10×NDVI
（810，450）]
2－2925；
In step (1), use ground light spectrometer carries out spectral measurement method to black pine canopy and is; Adopt ASD field spectrum radiation gauge, be greater than 45 ° measure at fine weather sun altitude, when mensuration, probe vertical is downwards apart from canopy top 1 ~ 1.5m, and every inoculation strain replication 10 times, all proofreaies and correct with the reference plate of standard before and after each measurement.
In step (1), extract canopy spectra reflectivity method by airborne-remote sensing and be: extract airborne-remote sensing Hyperion image, carrying out accurately, after atmospheric correction, directly extracting the reflectivity of study area respective objects.
In method of the present invention, use ground light spectrometer survey bureau to be limited to determine among a small circle strain and monitor, carry out large-scale pine wood nematode disease and judge that the broad perspectives feature that will give full play to image data carries out Spectra feature extraction.In the fluctuation of growth cycle Determination of Chlorophyll content not quite, average is 1.26 ± 0.2mg/g to healthy black pine chlorophyll content, infects from pine wood nematode diseased plant self-induction disease, and chlorophyll content presents the rear variation tendency slowly reducing that first raises rapidly; Therefore can be simultaneously in conjunction with DIR
(760,675)be used for distinguishing susceptible strain and healthy plant with chlorophyllous content, Susceptibility and stage number of days.
Beneficial effect: take high-spectral data analytical technology as basis, extract with pine wood nematode disease of black pine dynamic closely-related spectrum parameter occurs, the each Susceptibility chlorophyll content of quantitative forecast, with the change threshold of spectrum index Changing Pattern and chlorophyll content judge naked eyes can identify front whether susceptible, for the Forest Health Nondestructive Identification under unknown situation provides foundation.Meanwhile, utilize spectrum parameter to carry out quantification simulation to susceptible number of days, lay a good foundation for the early monitoring of realizing pine wood nematode disease of black pine, effectively improve the efficiency of preventing and treating of forest pine nematode.Simultaneously also for other forest disease and pest early monitoring and diagnosis provide reliable basis and method reference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the change curve of black pine chlorophyll content with susceptible number of days;
Fig. 2 is that black pine chlorophyll content is with spectrum parameter NDVI
(810,450)variation diagram;
Fig. 3 is NDVI
(810,450)index is determined susceptible number of days curve map.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described further.
embodiment 1model is set up
In black pine forest zone, Qixia Mountain National forest park, Nanjing, select 25 strains of healthy adult black pine, wherein 20 strains are inoculated strain as pine wood nematode, 5 strains strain in contrast.Test inoculation used nematode source: take from In Nanjing naturally on the black pine juggle of susceptible death.After diseased wood is drawn materials, shred then and bind up with gauze by shellfish Man funnel method, be placed in the graceful funnel of shellfish, add appropriate water, separate at normal temperatures 6 ~ 12h, then from funnel, access 10ml, isolate the pine wood nematode on disease tree, under the microscope through artificial picking pine wood nematode purifying, be seeded on the PSA nutrient culture media of the pathogen of Botrytis cinerea, be placed in 28 ℃ of incubators and cultivate, for subsequent use.
Carry out determining strain inoculation experiments on June 11st, 2009.Inoculation adopts bark graft method: with sterilized scalper at loose seedling stem bottom standardized " T " font wound, dark and the xylem of wound, raise bark, fill in sterilized absorbent cotton, on absorbent cotton, inject 0.1mL nematode suspending liquid, then seal inoculation position with Parafilm, moisturizing is beneficial to nematode and invades.Approximately 10000 of every strain black pine plant inoculation nematodes, and establish 2 strain inoculation sterilized water plant for contrasting.Nematode amount computing method: according to different onset stage and symptom feature, choose the most close branch of symptom and sample around high spectroscopic assay point, the quantity of nematode in the sick tree of investigation body, uses the healthy pine tree of control group in contrast when every sub-sampling.Branch is shredded to (matchstick size) and mix, take 3 ~ 5g left and right, with the graceful funnel method separation of shellfish nematode, and through artificial sediments microscope inspection pine wood nematode, record nematode population, calculate nematode population in every gram of timber, every processing repeats 3 times.
From inoculation, determine according to weather every 5 ~ 10d() carry out determining strain spectral measurement.Spectrometer is selected 10 meters of long optical fibers of the portable spectrum radiometer of U.S. ASD FieldSpec HH and standard configuration, and its wave band value is 350～1050nm, spectral resolution 2nm, and sampling interval (wide waveband) is 1～1.5nm, 25 ° of field angle.Select sunny calm weather, carry out spectral reflectivity mensuration at 10 in the morning to (now sun altitude is greater than 45 °) between 2 pm.In mensuration process, proofread and correct with barium sulphate blank.10 the canopy measurement points of often selecting good strains in the field for seed are got 10 groups of repetitions at every turn.When measure spectrum, getting the fresh blade 1g in measuring point left and right, to put into ice chest for subsequent use.The mensuration of chlorophyll content adopts 80% acetone extraction colourimetry.Spectroscopic data is imported into after computing machine by spectrometer, is converted to reflectivity data, and the spectral reflectance curve analysis software that adopts spectrometer to carry carries out data analysis processing (wavelength data scope 325～1050nm).Data statistic analysis uses the processing of Matlab software.
Drawn by interpretation, the chlorophyll content of healthy black pine changes not obvious, chlorophyll content is on average in 1.26 ± 0.2mg/g left and right, susceptible strain chlorophyll content is along with the propelling of susceptible number of days presents the variation tendency that first rises and decline afterwards, as shown in Figure 1, in susceptible 10d left and right, chlorophyll content reaches maximal value, after decline gradually.After chlorophyll content starts to decline, canopy leaves color starts to change, and after this naked eyes can be identified.
Chlorophyll content and spectrum index are carried out to correlation analysis, NDVI
(810,450)and between susceptible rear plant chlorophyll content changes, present extremely significantly linear positive correlation relation, as shown in Figure 2, thus, utilize spectrum parameter to carry out susceptible strain chlorophyll content prediction.Model is as follows:
CHL(mg/g)=[1.26 × NDVI
(810,450)-0.95] × 10; Wherein, CHL is susceptible strain chlorophyll content (mg/g).
DIR
(760,675)be used as and judge black pine infects the pine nematode whether quantitative indices factor: work as DIR
(760,675)value is less than at 7.0 o'clock, can determine that black pine infects pine nematode, and to the middle and later periods, the susceptible 28d that exceeded; Work as DIR
(760,675)value is greater than at 12.5 o'clock, can determine that black pine black pine infects pine nematode, and Susceptibility is in commitment (between 14 to 28 days), and now significant change does not occur canopy leaf look; Work as DIR
(760,675)while being worth between 7.0 ~ 12.5, must judge in conjunction with the quantitative calculation of corresponding chlorophyll content, when corresponding chlorophyll content exceedes 1.32 ± 0.05mg/g, can judge that now black pine has infected pine nematode, and in susceptible super early stage, in 14d, if corresponding chlorophyll content is less than 1.32mg/g, not susceptible.
Utilize the variation of above-mentioned spectrum parameter and chlorophyll content to judge that black pine infects pine wood nematode after being ill, can utilize by spectrum index NDVI
(810,450)the Susceptibility of black pine is carried out to quantification, as shown in Figure 3, sets up model and be:
gbday(d)=?7847×[NDVI
(810,450)]－5129×[NDVI
(810,450)]
2－2925；
Obtain by the spectrum index in any situation, quantitative inversion canopy chlorophyll content, judges whether susceptiblely with this, then susceptible number of days is carried out to quantification, thereby realize the dynamic monitoring of the high spectrum of pine wood nematode disease of black pine, take in time corresponding counter-measure with this.
embodiment 2modelling verification
Same inoculation test was carried out in Han Fu mountain breeze scape forest zone, Nanjing in June, 2010.Choose 18 strains of healthy adult black pine, contrast 5 strains.Test implementation process and measuring method embodiment 1 are identical, specifically measure numerical value in table 1 and the results are shown in Table 2.Step comprises:
(1) directly obtain 810 with the spectral reflectance values of 450nm wave band, directly obtain 760 with the spectral reflectance values of 675nm wave band, concrete numerical value is in table 1
(2) calculate and obtain spectrum parameter NDVI with this
(810,450)=(ρ
810-ρ
450)/(ρ
810+ ρ
450); DIR
(760,675)=ρ
760/ ρ
675;
(3) with above-mentioned model quantitative inversion chlorophyll content and the susceptible number of days in corresponding period, black pine chlorophyll content CHL(mg/g)=[1.26 × NDVI
(810,450)-0.95] × 10;
Determine the susceptible number of days gbday:gbday(d of susceptible strain)=784.7 × [10 × NDVI
(810,450)]-51.29 × [10 × NDVI
(810,450)]
2-2925;
His-and-hers watches 1 and table 2 result are analyzed, the green cellulose content of prediction and the relative error value of susceptible number of days are respectively 2.98% and 7.46%, show that model has good reliability and accuracy to the quantitative forecast of pine wood nematode disease of black pine, be worth of widely use, for the quantitative forecast of other forest disease and pest supplies a pattern.
Table 1 spectral reflectivity and characteristic parameter measurement result table
| The number of days (d) of measuring | 450 reflectivity | 810 reflectivity | 675 reflectivity | 760 reflectivity | Actual measurement chlorophyll content (mg/g) |
| 7 | 0.02 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 1.49 |
| 14 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 1.58 |
| 21 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 1.53 |
| 28 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.34 | 1.49 |
| 32 | 0.04 | 0.47 | 0.06 | 0.48 | 1.38 |
| 42 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 1.17 |
| 49 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.15 | 0.43 | 0.99 |
| 62 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.64 |
| 72 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.36 |
| 77 | 0.03 | .021 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.03 |
| 82 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.06 |
Table 2 calculation of characteristic parameters result table
| The number of days (d) of measuring | NDVI(810,450) | DIR （760，675） | Prediction chlorophyll content (mg/g) | Predict susceptible number of days (d) |
| 7 | 0.88 | 10.62 | 1.54 | 11 |
| 14 | 0.88 | 12.52 | 1.53 | 12 |
| 21 | 0.87 | 12.90 | 1.49 | 16 |
| 28 | 0.87 | 14.12 | 1.40 | 23 |
| 32 | 0.86 | 8.41 | 1.37 | 33 |
| 42 | 0.85 | 4.21 | 1.17 | 41 |
| 49 | 0.84 | 2.86 | 0.99 | 49 |
| 62 | 0.80 | 2.47 | 0.64 | 68 |
| 72 | 0.78 | 2.22 | 0.36 | 74 |
| 77 | 0.76 | 2.17 | 0.03 | 76 |
| 82 | 0.76 | 1.94 | 0.06 | 77 |
Claims (3)
1. a high spectrum monitoring method for pine wood nematode disease of black pine, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) use ground light spectrometer to carry out spectral measurement to black pine canopy, import spectroscopic data into computing machine and convert spectral reflectance data to, extract 810nm, 450nm, 760nm and 675nm wave band canopy spectra reflectivity;
(2) reflectivity values of obtaining is carried out to spectrum parameter conversion, NDVI
(810,450)=(ρ
810-ρ
450)/(ρ
810+ ρ
450); DIR
(760,675)=ρ
760/ ρ
675; Wherein NDVI
(810,450)for wave band 810 and Normalized difference vegetation index, the DIR of 450nm
(760,675)for wave band 760 and Ratio index, the ρ of 675nm
810, ρ
450, ρ
760, ρ
675represent respectively 810 nm, 450nm, the spectral reflectance values of 760 nm and 675nm;
(3) black pine chlorophyll content CHL(mg/g)=[1.26 × NDVI
(810,450)-0.95] × 10;
(4) the susceptible quantitative target of black pine is judged: work as DIR
(760,675)value is less than at 7.0 o'clock, and black pine infects pine nematode, in the middle and later periods; Work as DIR
(760,675)value is greater than at 12.5 o'clock, and black pine infects pine nematode, in commitment; Work as DIR
(760,675)while being worth between 7.0 ~ 12.5, chlorophyll content exceedes 1.32 ± 0.05mg/g, and black pine has infected pine nematode, in super early stage;
(5) determine the susceptible number of days gbday of susceptible strain, that is:
gbday（d）=784.7×[10×NDVI
（810，450）]－51.29×[10×NDVI
（810，450）]
2－2925。
2. the high spectrum monitoring method of pine wood nematode disease of black pine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), use ground light spectrometer carries out spectral measurement method to black pine canopy and is; Adopt ASD field spectrum radiation gauge, be greater than 45 ° measure at fine weather sun altitude, when mensuration, probe vertical is downwards apart from canopy top 1 ~ 1.5m, and every inoculation strain in per period replication 10 times, all proofreaies and correct with the reference plate of standard before and after each measurement.
3. the high spectrum monitoring method of pine wood nematode disease of black pine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (1), extracting canopy spectra reflectivity method by airborne-remote sensing is: extract airborne-remote sensing Hyperion image, carrying out accurately, after atmospheric correction, directly extracting the reflectivity of study area respective objects.
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| CN110987830A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Model, method and application for rapidly determining chlorophyll content of plant canopy leaves |
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