CN109207667B - Pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery system and method for converter flue gas - Google Patents
Pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery system and method for converter flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN109207667B CN109207667B CN201811356400.0A CN201811356400A CN109207667B CN 109207667 B CN109207667 B CN 109207667B CN 201811356400 A CN201811356400 A CN 201811356400A CN 109207667 B CN109207667 B CN 109207667B
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
- C21C5/40—Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery system for converter flue gas, which comprises a vaporization cooling flue, a water/steam cooling cyclone separator, a waste heat recovery device, a ceramic fiber filter, a fan and a three-way switching valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the other two ends of the three-way switching valve are respectively connected with a gas recovery pipeline and a flue gas diffusing pipeline, and a flue gas component analyzer is arranged between the fan and the three-way switching valve. The invention can remove dust from the converter flue gas under the condition of full drying, reduce the consumption of water and steam, simultaneously, greatly recover the waste heat of the middle and low temperature sections of the converter flue gas, increase the recycling of waste heat resources and has remarkable energy-saving effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steelmaking, and particularly relates to a pure dry type converter flue gas purification and waste heat deep recovery system and method.
Background
Converter steelmaking is the current most main steelmaking mode, and accounts for more than 85% in China, and the process is complex high-temperature oxidation reaction mainly comprising carbon and oxygen reactions, so that a large amount of high-temperature dust-containing flue gas can be generated; the main components of the flue gas generated by the converter are CO (accounting for about 66 percent) and CO 2 (about 16%) and N 2 About 17%, also small amounts of O 2 And Ar. Since the converter fume contains a large amount of CO, the converter fume is also called converter gas, the initial temperature of the converter gas is about 1600 ℃, and the converter gas contains a large amount of dust generated by steelmaking, and the dust content is about 80-150 g/m 3 The main component of the dust is FeO, fe, caO, mnO, siO 2 And C, etc. The converter gas has the characteristics of inflammability and explosiveness, and the explosion generating conditions are as follows: 1) The CO content is within the explosion limit; 2) CO and O below the self-ignition point (650 ℃ C.) 2 Mixing; 3) An open flame (reaching minimum ignition energy) is encountered.
The traditional converter flue gas treatment method has two methods, the first method is an OG method, also called wet dedusting, and the main flow is that the converter flue gas with the temperature of about 1600 ℃ is subjected to waste heat recovery through a vaporization cooling flue, a large amount of water is sprayed when the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to about 1000 ℃, meanwhile, the coarse dedusting and explosion prevention effects are achieved, and the venturi tube is further adopted to spray water for fine dedusting, then the coal gas with high heat value and low oxygen content is recovered, and the coal gas with low heat value or high oxygen content is ignited and emptied; the second is dry dedusting, mainly comprising LT method and DDS method, the main flow is to recycle waste heat of converter smoke gas at 1600 deg.C through vaporization cooling flue, spray water mist to cool when the temperature of smoke gas is reduced to 900 deg.C, then fine dedusting through electric dust collector, recycling high quality gas, igniting low quality gas and evacuating. The dust removal mode of the converter flue gas is not truly full dry dust removal in nature, and in order to prevent the explosion of the converter gas below the self-ignition point, the waste heat of the high temperature section (1600-900 ℃) of the converter flue gas is recycled and then the waste heat of the temperature (900-200 ℃) of the converter flue gas is completely wasted due to the water spraying treatment mode.
The prior patent literature also discloses a converter flue gas purification and waste heat recovery method which is different from the traditional method, for example, a waste heat boiler is used for recovering medium-low temperature waste heat of flue gas under the condition of directly cooling without spraying water, and the waste heat boiler is connected with a bag-type dust collector or an electrostatic dust collector for fine dust removal. However, these methods have not only not been examined in practice, but the analysis alone has the following drawbacks in theory: 1) The method can not well solve the problem of coarse dust removal of converter flue gas, the dust removal efficiency of a conventional gravity dust remover is too low, and the conventional cyclone dust remover is difficult to bear such high temperature, so that the waste heat boiler is easy to adhere and accumulate dust, and the normal operation is influenced; 2) The fine dust removal mode of cloth bag dust removal or electrostatic dust removal is difficult to adapt to a flue gas treatment system of a pure dry method, under the condition of no water spraying, once converter gas enters an oxidizing atmosphere, cloth bags are extremely easy to burn, if an electrostatic precipitator is adopted, the dust removal effect is usually poor because the specific resistance of the pure dry ash is large, and meanwhile, the normal production is influenced because of frequent explosion relief.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the existing converter flue gas treatment process, the invention provides a pure dry type converter flue gas purification and waste heat deep recovery system and method, and at least solves part of defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a pure dry type converter flue gas purification and waste heat deep recovery system, which comprises a vaporization cooling flue, a water/steam cooling cyclone separator, a waste heat recovery device, a ceramic fiber filter, a fan and a three-way switching valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the other two ends of the three-way switching valve are respectively connected with a gas recovery pipeline and a flue gas diffusing pipeline, and a flue gas component analyzer is arranged between the fan and the three-way switching valve.
Furthermore, the vaporization cooling flue and the water/steam cooling cyclone separator are connected through a heat insulation flue, a heat insulation material is sprayed in the heat insulation flue, and a high-temperature resistant metal material is arranged outside the heat insulation flue.
Furthermore, the shell of the water/steam cooling cyclone separator is formed by bending and welding a water-cooling or steam-cooling metal pipeline, the outside of the shell is covered with a heat insulation layer, and the inside heating surface is coated with a layer of high-temperature wear-resistant castable and reinforced by pins.
Further, the water/steam cooling cyclone separator is single or two in series or two or more in parallel.
Further, the waste heat recovery device is a convection type waste heat boiler or a convection type heat exchanger, the waste heat recovery device is vertically arranged and is divided into a high-temperature section, a medium-temperature section and a low-temperature section from top to bottom, and converter flue gas flows from top to bottom in the waste heat recovery device; and the waste heat recovery device is internally provided with an explosion venting valve and an ash removing device.
Further, the ceramic fiber filter comprises a dust collector, a ceramic fiber pipe and a back blowing component for back blowing the filtering surface of the ceramic fiber pipe, wherein the ceramic fiber pipe is arranged on a pore plate of the dust collector, and is a pipeline with one closed end and made of high-temperature resistant ceramic fibers; the converter flue gas flows from bottom to top in the ceramic fiber filter.
Further, a first ash discharging hopper, a second ash discharging hopper and a third ash discharging hopper are respectively arranged below the water/steam cooling cyclone separator, the waste heat recovery device and the ceramic fiber filter, and air locking valves are arranged at inlets of the first ash discharging hopper, the second ash discharging hopper and the third ash discharging hopper.
Further, the gas recovery pipeline is connected with a gas cooler and a gas tank, the flue gas diffusing pipeline is connected with a diffusing chimney, and an ignition device is arranged at the outlet of the diffusing chimney.
In addition, the invention also provides a pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery method for converter flue gas, which comprises the following steps:
1) According to the tonnage and production scale of the converter, constructing a set of pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery system for the converter flue gas;
2) When the converter is smelted, a fan is started, smoke generated by the converter is led into a vaporization cooling flue through a smoke hood by the suction force of the fan, and radiation heat exchange is carried out, so that the temperature of the smoke is reduced from 1450-1650 ℃ to 800-1200 ℃;
3) The outlet flue gas of the vaporization cooling flue enters a water/steam cooling cyclone separator for primary purification, and large particle dust in the flue gas is filtered;
4) The primarily purified flue gas enters a waste heat recovery device to perform convective heat exchange, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 150-350 ℃;
5) The low-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat recovery device enters a ceramic fiber filter for deep purification, so that the dust content in the flue gas meets the emission requirement;
6) The deeply purified flue gas is detected and analyzed by a flue gas component analyzer, wherein CO and O are contained in the flue gas 2 And if the volume content of CO in the flue gas is more than 20% and the volume content of oxygen is less than 1%, controlling the flue gas to enter the gas recovery pipeline through the three-way switching valve, otherwise controlling the flue gas to enter the flue gas diffusing pipeline through the three-way switching valve.
Further, the fume hood is lifted up within 0-100 seconds at the initial stage of converter blowing, so that more air enters the upper part of the converter and is burnt with coal gas generated by blowing, and flue gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is formed to enter a pipeline and the air in the pipeline is purged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The pure dry type converter flue gas purifying and waste heat deep recycling system provided by the invention can remove dust from the converter flue gas under the condition of full drying, reduce the consumption of water and steam, and simultaneously, greatly recycle the waste heat of the middle-low temperature section of the converter flue gas, increase the recycling of waste heat resources and has remarkable energy-saving effect.
(2) After the pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery system for the converter flue gas is used for vaporizing and cooling a flue, a water/steam cooling cyclone separator is used for coarse dust removal, so that particulate matters, particularly large-particle fire seeds, in the flue gas can be effectively removed, deflagration of the flue gas in the subsequent process can be avoided, abrasion of dust in the flue gas to a waste heat recovery device is reduced, meanwhile, adhesion of dust in the waste heat recovery device is reduced, and rapid reduction of heat exchange efficiency of the waste heat device is prevented.
(3) The pure dry type converter flue gas purification and waste heat deep recovery system provided by the invention is cooled by adopting a water-cooling or vaporization cooling mode through the water/steam cooling cyclone separator, can be suitable for high-temperature flue gas with the temperature of about 1000 ℃ after a vaporization cooling flue, can effectively perform coarse dust removal, and overcomes the defect that the traditional mechanical dust removal mode is difficult to resist high temperature.
(4) The novel ceramic fiber filter is adopted in the pure dry type converter flue gas purification and waste heat deep recovery system for fine dust removal, so that the problem that the discharge of the traditional electrostatic precipitator is easy to cause gas explosion venting is avoided, and the production is safer and smoother; meanwhile, the ceramic fiber filter removes dust in a pore filtering mode, so that the dust removal effect is better and the environment is protected.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery system for converter flue gas.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a converter; 2. a smoke hood; 3. vaporization cooling flue; 4. a thermally insulated flue; 5. a water/steam cooled cyclone separator; 6. an ash discharge hopper I; 7. a waste heat recovery device; 8. ash discharge hopper II, 9, ceramic fiber filter; 10. an ash discharge hopper III; 11. a blower; 12. a three-way switching valve; 13. a gas cooler; 14. a gas cabinet; 15. and (5) diffusing the chimney.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality", "a number" or "a plurality" is two or more.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a pure dry type converter flue gas purifying and waste heat deep recovering system, which comprises a vaporization cooling flue 3, a water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5, a waste heat recovering device 7, a ceramic fiber filter 9, a fan 11 and a three-way switching valve 12 which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the other two ends of the three-way switching valve 12 are respectively connected with a gas recovering pipeline and a flue gas diffusing pipeline, and a flue gas component analyzer is arranged between the fan 11 and the three-way switching valve 12. The inlet end of the vaporization cooling flue 3 can be connected with the converter 1 through the fume hood 2, and fume generated in the converter 1 is captured by the fume hood 2 and enters the vaporization cooling flue 3; in general, the evaporative cooling flue 3 is connected with the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 through the heat insulation flue 4, so that the heat dissipation of the flue gas can be avoided, and preferably, the heat insulation flue 4 is internally sprayed with heat insulation materials, and the outside is made of high temperature resistant metal materials.
The high-temperature flue gas generated by smelting in the transfer furnace 1 firstly reduces the temperature of the flue gas from 1450-1650 ℃ to 800-1200 ℃ through radiation heat exchange of the vaporization cooling flue 3, then adopts the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 to carry out coarse dust removal on the flue gas, removes particles in the flue gas, reduces the abrasion of dust in the flue gas to the subsequent waste heat recovery device 7, and can effectively avoid the problem of low thermal efficiency of the waste heat recovery device 7 caused by dust adhesion; meanwhile, when the flue gas passes through the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5, the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 cools the flue gas in a water cooling or vaporization cooling mode, and the generated hot water or steam is introduced into the waste heat recovery device 7 for recycling, and the waste heat recovery device 7 recovers the waste heat of the middle and low temperature sections of the flue gas at about 800-1200 ℃ to 150-350 ℃ so as to achieve the aim of efficiently recovering the sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas; the cooled flue gas is subjected to fine dust removal through the ceramic fiber filter 9, the flue gas is subjected to dust removal in a pore filtration mode, the problem that the traditional electrostatic precipitator discharges and is easy to cause gas explosion venting is avoided, and the production is safer and smoother; after the dust content in the flue gas filtered by the ceramic fiber filter 9 reaches the emission requirement, the flue gas enters a flue gas component analyzer, and the three-way switching valve 12 controls the flow direction of the flue gas according to the detection result of the flue gas component, so that the on-off switching of a flue gas pipeline, a gas recovery pipeline and a flue gas diffusing pipeline is realized.
Specifically, the shell of the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 is formed by bending and welding a water-cooled or steam-cooled metal pipeline, the outside of the shell is covered with a heat insulation layer, the inside heating surface is coated with a layer of high-temperature wear-resistant castable, and the high-temperature wear-resistant castable is reinforced by pins. In general, the water/steam cooled cyclone 5 may be designed in a circular, square or other shape; the water/steam cooling cyclone 5 may be designed as a single or two series or two or more parallel according to the difference of the flue gas amount generated by the converter 1 and the difference of the dust removal requirements. Optimally, a first ash discharging hopper 6 is arranged below the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 and is used for discharging dust separated and deposited by the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5, and the first ash discharging hopper 6 is provided with an air locking valve so as to prevent dust from entering the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 during ash discharging.
The waste heat recovery device 7 is mainly used for recovering waste heat of middle and low temperature sections of about 800-1200 ℃ to 150-350 ℃ of flue gas, and can be selected from waste heat recovery equipment such as a convection type waste heat boiler or a convection type heat exchanger. Further preferably, the waste heat recovery device 7 in this embodiment is vertically arranged, and is divided into a high temperature section, a medium temperature section and a low temperature section from top to bottom, and performs heat exchange with the flue gas in different temperature sections, so that the purpose of economically and efficiently recovering waste heat in the low temperature section in the flue gas is finally achieved, and the flue gas of the converter flows from top to bottom in and out of the upper opening and the lower opening in the waste heat recovery device 7, so that the waste heat absorption and dust deposition are more facilitated.
Further preferably, a second ash discharging hopper 8 is also arranged below the waste heat recovery device 7 and is used for discharging dust deposited in the waste heat recovery device 7, and the second ash discharging hopper 8 is also provided with a gas locking valve so as to prevent air in ash discharging from entering the waste heat recovery device 7. In addition, the ash removing device is arranged in the waste heat recovery device 7, so that dust adhered to the heat exchange wall surface can be cleaned regularly; the waste heat recovery device 7 is internally provided with 4-8 explosion venting valves, and can play a role in emergency explosion venting when the pressure is too high.
The ceramic fiber filter 9 comprises a dust collector, a ceramic fiber tube and a back blowing component for back blowing the filtering surface of the ceramic fiber tube, wherein the ceramic fiber tube is installed on a pore plate of the dust collector to be fixed, and the back blowing component regularly carries out back blowing according to pressure change generated by dust adhesion on the ceramic fiber tube so as to reduce the adhesion of the dust and improve the filtering efficiency of the ceramic fiber tube. The ceramic fiber pipe is a pipeline which is made of ceramic fibers and has high porosity, high dust removal rate and high temperature resistance, and dust-containing flue gas generates a filtering effect when passing through pores on the wall surface of the ceramic fiber pipe; the ceramic fiber pipe is closed at one end and is open at one end, the open end is usually provided with a flange, the inner diameter of the ceramic fiber pipe is usually between 80 and 140mm, the outer diameter of the ceramic fiber pipe is between 120 and 180mm, the diameter of the open end flange is usually between 165 and 225mm, the total length of the ceramic fiber pipe is usually between 1500 and 5000mm, and the diameter of an orifice plate of the dust collector is larger than the outer diameter of the ceramic fiber pipe body and smaller than the outer diameter of the open end flange. In order to achieve better dust removal and ash removal effects, the converter flue gas flows in from the lower part of the ceramic fiber filter 9 and flows out from the upper part. And the ash discharging hopper III 10 is also arranged below the ceramic fiber filter 9 and is used for discharging dust filtered by the ceramic fiber filter 9, and the ash discharging hopper III 10 is also provided with a gas locking valve so as to prevent the air in ash discharging from entering the system pipeline.
The fan 11 is used for sucking the flue gas in the system pipeline, and an optimized variable-frequency speed-regulating induced draft fan can be selected. The flue gas pumped by the fan 11 enters the three-way switching valve 12 through a pipeline, the three-way switching valve 12 controls the flow direction of the flue gas according to the flue gas component detection result analyzed by the flue gas component analyzer, when the volume content of CO in the flue gas is more than 20% and the volume content of oxygen is less than 1%, the flue gas enters the gas recovery pipeline through the control of the three-way switching valve 12, the gas recovery pipeline is connected with the gas cooler 13 and the gas cabinet 14, the flue gas is cooled in the gas cooler 13 and then enters the gas cabinet 14; under other conditions, the flue gas enters a flue gas diffusing pipeline, and the flue gas diffusing pipeline is connected with a diffusing chimney 15; optimally, an ignition device is arranged at the outlet of the diffusing chimney 15, so that the flue gas entering the outlet of the diffusing chimney 15 can be ignited and then emptied, and the adverse effect of low-concentration gas direct discharge on the environment is avoided.
The embodiment also provides a pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery method for converter flue gas, which comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the tonnage and production scale of the converter 1, a set of pure dry type converter flue gas purifying and waste heat deep recycling system is constructed.
(2) When molten iron is added into the converter 1 and oxygen blowing smelting is started, the fan 11 is started, and smoke generated by the converter 1 is introduced into the vaporization cooling flue 3 through the smoke hood 2 by the suction force of the fan 11, and radiation heat exchange is carried out, so that the temperature of the smoke is reduced from 1450-1650 ℃ to 800-1200 ℃.
Further preferably, the fume hood 2 is lifted up properly in about 0-100 seconds at the beginning of converting the converter 1, so that more air enters the upper part of the converter 1 and undergoes combustion reaction with the coal gas generated by converting to generate carbon dioxide, and the fume containing a large amount of carbon dioxide enters the pipeline to purge the air in the pipeline, so that the residual air in the pipeline is prevented from being mixed with the high-concentration coal gas generated subsequently to generate deflagration.
(3) The outlet flue gas of the vaporization cooling flue 3 enters a water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 for preliminary purification, and large particle dust in the flue gas is filtered.
Specifically, the flue gas subjected to preliminary heat exchange through the vaporization cooling flue 2 firstly enters the heat insulation flue 4, and enters the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 through the heat insulation flue 4, so that large-particle dust can be separated from medium-temperature flue gas containing a large amount of dust under the separation action of the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5, an ignition source carried by high energy in the flue gas is removed, and gas deflagration in the system is avoided as much as possible; meanwhile, large-particle dust separated by the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 falls into the ash discharge hopper I6 below the water/steam cooling cyclone separator, and the collected dust is discharged through the air locking valve.
(4) The primarily purified flue gas enters a waste heat recovery device 7 for convective heat exchange, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 150-350 ℃.
Specifically, the flue gas after preliminary purification by the water/steam cooling cyclone separator 5 enters the waste heat recovery device 7 for convective heat exchange, the flue gas sequentially passes through a high temperature section, a medium temperature section and a low temperature section of the waste heat recovery device 7, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the low temperature section is between 150 and 350 ℃; and the waste heat recovery device 7 generates saturated steam through indirect heat exchange between soft water and flue gas, and the saturated steam can be integrated into a steam pipe network of an enterprise or used in other occasions. In addition, optimally, in order to ensure that the waste heat recovery device 7 keeps higher heat exchange efficiency, the ash cleaning device in the waste heat recovery device 7 can clean dust once every 2-20 hours, so that adhered dust on the heat exchange wall surface of the waste heat recovery device 7 falls into a pipeline at the lower part of the waste heat recovery device and the ash discharge hopper II 8.
(5) The low-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat recovery device 7 enters the ceramic fiber filter 9 for deep purification, and the content of particulate matters in the low-temperature flue gas containing fine particle dust reaches under the pore filtration effect of the ceramic fiber filter 9Below 10mg/m 3 Is required for the discharge. Part of the dust filtered by the ceramic fiber filter 9 falls into the ash bucket III 10 below the dust, and the other part is attached to the periphery of the hole of the ceramic fiber filter 9. In order to ensure the filtering effect of the ceramic fiber filter 9 and avoid overlarge filtering resistance, the ceramic fiber filter 9 is reversely blown once every a period of time according to the pressure change detection condition generated by the adhesion of dust to the dust adhered to the periphery of the pore of the ceramic fiber filter 9, so that the dust adhered to the filtering surface falls into a pipeline or a dust hopper III 10 below the pipeline, and the system is ensured to maintain higher dust removal efficiency and lower resistance.
(6) The deeply purified flue gas is detected and analyzed by a flue gas component analyzer, wherein CO and O are contained in the flue gas 2 If the volume content of CO in the flue gas is more than 20% and the volume content of oxygen is less than 1%, the flue gas is controlled to enter a gas recovery pipeline through a three-way switching valve 12, and enter a gas cabinet 14 through a gas cooler 13, otherwise, the three-way switching valve 12 is controlled to enter a flue gas diffusing pipeline, and the flue gas with a low heat value is always in an ignition state through an ignition device arranged at the outlet of a diffusing chimney 15, so that the flue gas with a low heat value is ignited and emptied when passing through the outlet of the diffusing chimney 15.
In the method, after the dust in the first dust discharging hopper 6, the second dust discharging hopper 8 and the third dust discharging hopper 10 is fully collected, the gap period of converting the converter 1 is selected, the dust in the dust collecting hopper is discharged, and the dust collecting hopper is transported to other places for treatment through an automobile so as to keep the system to continuously and stably run.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery system for the converter flue gas is characterized in that: the device comprises a vaporization cooling flue, a water/steam cooling cyclone separator, a waste heat recovery device, a ceramic fiber filter, a fan and a three-way switching valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein the other two ends of the three-way switching valve are respectively connected with a gas recovery pipeline and a flue gas diffusing pipeline, and a flue gas component analyzer is arranged between the fan and the three-way switching valve;
the shell of the water/steam cooling cyclone separator is formed by bending and welding a water-cooling or steam-cooling metal pipeline, the outside of the shell is covered with a heat-insulating layer, the inside heating surface is coated with a layer of high-temperature wear-resistant castable, and the heat-insulating layer is reinforced by pins; the water/steam cooling cyclone separator is single or two or more than two in series connection; the vaporization cooling flue and the water/steam cooling cyclone separator are connected through a heat insulation flue, a heat insulation material is sprayed in the heat insulation flue, and a high-temperature resistant metal material is arranged outside the heat insulation flue.
2. The converter flue gas pure dry purification and waste heat deep recovery system according to claim 1, wherein: the waste heat recovery device is a convection type waste heat boiler or a convection type heat exchanger, the waste heat recovery device is vertically arranged and is divided into a high-temperature section, a medium-temperature section and a low-temperature section from top to bottom, and converter flue gas flows from top to bottom in the waste heat recovery device; and the waste heat recovery device is internally provided with an explosion venting valve and an ash removing device.
3. The converter flue gas pure dry purification and waste heat deep recovery system according to claim 1, wherein: the ceramic fiber filter comprises a dust collector, a ceramic fiber pipe and a back blowing component for back blowing the filtering surface of the ceramic fiber pipe, wherein the ceramic fiber pipe is arranged on a pore plate of the dust collector, and is a pipeline with one closed end and made of high-temperature resistant ceramic fibers; the converter flue gas flows from bottom to top in the ceramic fiber filter.
4. The converter flue gas pure dry purification and waste heat deep recovery system according to claim 1, wherein: the water/steam cooling cyclone separator, the waste heat recovery device and the ceramic fiber filter are respectively provided with a first ash discharging hopper, a second ash discharging hopper and a third ash discharging hopper below, and the inlets of the first ash discharging hopper, the second ash discharging hopper and the third ash discharging hopper are respectively provided with a gas locking valve.
5. The converter flue gas pure dry purification and waste heat deep recovery system according to claim 1, wherein: the gas recovery pipeline is connected with a gas cooler and a gas tank, the flue gas diffusing pipeline is connected with a diffusing chimney, and an ignition device is arranged at the outlet of the diffusing chimney.
6. The pure dry type purification and waste heat deep recovery method for the converter flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Constructing a set of pure dry type converter flue gas purifying and waste heat deep recovering system according to the tonnage and production scale of a converter, wherein the pure dry type converter flue gas purifying and waste heat deep recovering system is as set forth in any one of claims 1-5;
2) When the converter is smelted, a fan is started, smoke generated by the converter is led into a vaporization cooling flue through a smoke hood by the suction force of the fan, and radiation heat exchange is carried out, so that the temperature of the smoke is reduced from 1450-1650 ℃ to 800-1200 ℃;
3) The outlet flue gas of the vaporization cooling flue enters a water/steam cooling cyclone separator for primary purification, and large particle dust in the flue gas is filtered;
4) The primarily purified flue gas enters a waste heat recovery device to perform convective heat exchange, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 150-350 ℃;
5) The low-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat recovery device enters a ceramic fiber filter for deep purification, so that the dust content in the flue gas meets the emission requirement;
6) The deeply purified flue gas is detected and analyzed by a flue gas component analyzer, wherein CO and O are contained in the flue gas 2 And if the volume content of CO in the flue gas is more than 20% and the volume content of oxygen is less than 1%, controlling the flue gas to enter the gas recovery pipeline through the three-way switching valve, otherwise controlling the flue gas to enter the flue gas diffusing pipeline through the three-way switching valve.
7. The method for pure dry purification and deep recovery of waste heat of converter flue gas according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and lifting the fume hood within 0-100 seconds in the initial stage of converter blowing, enabling more air to enter the upper part of the converter and perform combustion reaction with coal gas generated by blowing, forming fume mainly comprising carbon dioxide, entering a pipeline, and blowing the air in the pipeline.
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| CN109913640B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-05-01 | 东北大学 | Experimental device and method for reinforced sintering |
| CN110184408B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-05-04 | 河北科技大学 | Converter gas recovery device and recovery method |
| CN114480778B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-05-09 | 江苏集萃冶金技术研究院有限公司 | Converter flue gas sample gas dry pretreatment method based on thermal state sampling |
| CN112877499B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2023-09-19 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Converter flue gas treatment system based on dry dedusting and operation method thereof |
| CN112941264B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2023-10-27 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Dry type converter flue gas purification and waste heat recovery system and method |
| CN113073170B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2023-10-27 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Converter flue gas waste heat recovery system and method |
| CN114606358B (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-02-28 | 浙江伯益环境科技有限公司 | Steelmaking converter flue gas waste heat recovery and dry dedusting system |
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