CN109200822A - A kind of method of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope - Google Patents

A kind of method of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109200822A
CN109200822A CN201811365076.9A CN201811365076A CN109200822A CN 109200822 A CN109200822 A CN 109200822A CN 201811365076 A CN201811365076 A CN 201811365076A CN 109200822 A CN109200822 A CN 109200822A
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crown ether
crown
isotope
lithium
graft polymers
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王明霞
严峰
李觊雪
李建新
裴洪昌
孟祥宇
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D59/00Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
    • B01D59/50Separation involving two or more processes covered by different groups selected from groups B01D59/02, B01D59/10, B01D59/20, B01D59/22, B01D59/28, B01D59/34, B01D59/36, B01D59/38, B01D59/44

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of methods of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope.This method couples the Isotope seperation of crown ether functionalized polymer film with Isotope seperation under electric field action, to enhance system lithium isotope separating effect.Specifically, the crown ether functionalization perforated membrane with Isotope seperation is fixed among diffusion cell, diffusion cell two sides split lithium salt solution and pure water, utilize functional membrane pair7Li+Selective absorption effect, in pure water lateral enrichment6Li+.Simultaneously using under electric field action6Li+With faster migration rate, accelerate6Li+Isotope ion finally realizes the greenization and high efficiency of lithium isotope ion isolation to pure water side migration rate.

Description

A kind of method of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope
Technical field
The present invention relates to isotope separation method and technical field, in particular to a kind of field coupling crown ether graft polymers The method of perforated membrane separation lithium isotope.
Background technique
Lithium is alkali metal element most light in nature, nowadays in metallurgy, ceramics, space flight, medicine, chemical industry, weaving, mineral products And the fields such as national defence are using more and more extensive.There is a variety of elements for lithium, wherein6Li+With7Li+It is the same of two kinds of natural stabilisations Position element, abundance respectively may be about 7.52% and 92.48%.Two kinds of isotopes all have important application in nuclear energy field.Core is poly- Tritium needed for becoming reaction there's almost no in nature, and6Li+Tritium and helium can be generated after neutron bombardment, so that fusion reactor Middle tritium can be constantly proliferated, and be essential nuclear fusion stack fuel.7Li+The pile core for being then used as fusion reactor is cooling Agent and thermally conductive catalyst carrier and thorium reactor fused-salt medium.Therefore, two kinds of isotopes of lithium have highly important work in nuclear energy With.Develop the implementation that efficient lithium isotope isolation technics is related to national energy security and Economic Sustainable Development Strategy, has Important economic significance and social value.
Currently, lithium isotope separation method is broadly divided into chemical method and physical method.Chemical method includes lithium amalgam method, extraction Method, ion exchange chromatography, fractional crystallization and fractional precipitation etc..Physical method includes electron transfer, fused salt electrolysis process, electromagnetism Method, molecular distillation and separation by laser etc..It wherein, is to grind at present with liquid-liquid extraction and Solid extraction column method that crown ether is complexing main body Study carefully most commonly used lithium isotope separation method.
Lithium amalgam exchange process realizes scale application, and there are two types of common switching architectures: lithium amalgam and lithium-containing compound Exchange between exchange between solution and the two organic solution.This method has separation height, isotope exchange rate pole Fastly, the advantages that being easily achieved two-phase reflux.But due to using a large amount of hypertoxic mercury, there are serious environmental and safety problems, American-European The factory of the method separation lithium isotope is used partially to close Deng country, and it is dirty actively to administer the extensive mercury of bring Dye.
Solvent extraction is the important chemical method of another kind for separating lithium isotope, and wherein crown ether extraction method mainly utilizes Neutral chelating extractant crown ether is right in extraction process6Li+With7Li+Chelating properties difference, realize same position in exchange link A kind of chemical exchange method of element exchange and enrichment.For the research of liquid-liquid extraction isotope, Chinese patent CN105561790A is public A kind of method for having opened lithium isotope extraction and separation, using benzo-aza crown ether compound as extractant, in organic phase Main complexing7Li+.Patent CN103801194A discloses the extractant and the multistage lithium isotope of use of a kind of separation lithium isotope The example of extraction is equally enriched in organic phase7Li+.But in solution extraction process, it is difficult to reuse there are crown ether, is molten Agent dosage is big, is easy to the technical problems such as back-mixing.
In order to more preferably evade solvent-extracted weakness using the extraction ability of crown ether, it is to carry that scientist, which explores with polymer, Body realizes the immobilization of crown ether and polymer by technologies such as grafting, polycondensation, addition polymerizations, thus the method point for passing through liquid-solid extraction From isotope.This seminar discloses in patent CN102911372A and CN103386299A is grafted on film simultaneously benefit for crown ether The method for carrying out lithium isotope with membrane chromatography.The separation factor for respectively obtaining 1.056 and 1.068 shows that UF membrane is that one kind has The lithium isotope separation method of effect.Simultaneously as being rich in multi-stage artery structure in film, ion is greatly enhanced in the mass transfer of film Rate enhances the separative efficiency of isotope.
But there are single-stage separation factor is relatively small for these methods, it is difficult to the problems such as reaching desirable.This is mainly Since physics, chemical action difference are minimum between isotope ion so that no matter which kind of separation method, be unable to get biggish point From the factor.Therefore the present invention proposes to couple a variety of separation methods, carries out isotope by synergistic effect between different separation methods Separation, it is expected that separation factor obtained by more single separation method further increases.
Electromigration be it is different using different isotope ions migration rate under the electric field, to isotope carry out separation and The physical method of enrichment.Under DC Electric Field,6Li+Electromobility be greater than7Li+,6Li+Mainly it is enriched in cathode.It will be electric Muon physics migration is coupled with the chemical extraction of crown ether functional membrane, can effectively improve the extraction efficiency of lithium isotope.Black J R et al. reported a kind of utilization in the 29th phase Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2009 The method that electrochemical deposition carries out lithium isotope separation, has obtained considerable isotopic separation effect.
Present invention contemplates that designing integrated separation system by the method for coupling UF membrane and electric field separates isotope, utilize The synergistic effect that two kinds of separation methods separate lithium isotope enhances lithium isotope separating effect, reaches quick, efficiently separates lithium The purpose of isotope.
Summary of the invention
Of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, it is same that the present invention provides a kind of field coupling crown ether functional membrane progress lithium The method of position element separation.This method has the characteristics that safety, green, stability are good, efficient.
The present invention uses Fig. 1 shown device, specially crown ether functionalization perforated membrane is fixed among two diffusion cells, left side It is filled with lithium salt solution and is inserted into anode, right side is filled with pure water and is inserted into cathode.Work as Li+When penetrating film under electric field action,7Li+It is main It is enriched on film, and6Li+Then permeable membrane.Simultaneously as6Li+Electromobility be greater than7Li+, therefore6Li+Main enrichment In cathode, to realize6Li+/7Li+Efficiently separate.
The fixed polymer porous film with Isotope seperation is crown ether graft polymer membrane among diffusion cell. Crown ether graft polymers can be grafted polysulfones, amino benzo-15-crown-5 graft polyether sulfone, amino benzo for amino benzo-15-crown-5 5 graft polyether ether ketone of 15- crown-, single azabenzo15crown5 grafting polysulfones, single azabenzo15crown5 graft polyether sulfone, list Azabenzo15crown5 graft polyether ether ketone, formoxyl Benzo15crown5 derivatives grafting polyvinyl alcohol, formoxyl Benzo15crown5 derivatives It is grafted poly- second-vinyl alcohol, formoxyl Benzo15crown5 derivatives grafted chitosan, amino benzo 12-crown-4 grafting polysulfones, amino benzo 12-crown-4 grafting polyvinyl alcohol, single azepine benzo 12-crown-4 grafted chitosan.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the present invention using membrane extraction method with electron transfer method in conjunction with, develop It is enriched with out7Li+Crown ether functional membrane, to make6Li+Cathode freely can be entered through film, be promoted6Li+/7Li+Separation because Son realizes the separation and enrichment of lithium isotope.It is a kind of simple, efficient, low energy consumption process, small with occupied area, It is stable, be easy to amplify etc. advantages.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the dress for carrying out separation and concentration in the present invention to lithium isotope in diffusion cell using crown ether functionalization perforated membrane Set schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the abundance test variation diagram of embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art that the present invention be more completely understood, but not limit in any way The present invention.
Embodiment 1
Amino benzo-15-crown-5 grafting polysulfone porous membrane is fixed in diffusion cell, polymer film diameter is 20mm, polymer film The number of plies is 6 layers, polymer film pair6Li+With selective enrichment effect.It is 1.0mol/L's that concentration is added in the left survey of diffusion cell Lithium iodide solution is inserted into stainless steel electrode, and pure water is added in right ventricle and is inserted into titanium sheet electrode.Supply voltage is set as 2.00V. After energization, a water sample was taken to be tested in diffusion side every 10 minutes, final separation result obtains7Li+Abundance is 90.18% ,6Li abundance is 9.82%.
Embodiment 2
Azabenzo15crown5 grafting polysulfone porous membrane is fixed in diffusion cell, polymer film diameter is 20mm, polymer film The number of plies is 8 layers, polymer film pair6Li+With selective enrichment effect.It is 1.0mol/L's that concentration is added in the left survey of diffusion cell Lithium chloride solution is inserted into stainless steel electrode, and pure water is added in right ventricle and is inserted into titanium sheet electrode.Supply voltage is set as 2.00V. After energization, a water sample was taken to be tested in diffusion side every 10 minutes, final separation result obtains7Li+Abundance is 89.04% ,6Li abundance is 10.96%.
Embodiment 3
Amino benzo 12-crown-4 grafting polysulfone porous membrane is fixed in diffusion cell, polymer film diameter is 20mm, polymer film The number of plies is 10 layers, polymer film pair6Li+With selective enrichment effect.It is 1.0mol/L's that concentration is added in the left survey of diffusion cell Lithium chloride solution is inserted into stainless steel electrode, and pure water is added in right ventricle and is inserted into titanium sheet electrode.Supply voltage is set as 2.50V. After energization, a water sample was taken to be tested in diffusion side every 10 minutes, final separation result obtains7Li+Abundance is 87.92% ,6Li abundance is 12.08%.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope, it is characterised in that: connect crown ether Branch polymer porous film is clipped among self-control diffusion cell, and electrode is inserted into respectively as anode and cathode in diffusion cell two sides, and Lithium salt solution is added in anode-side, and ultrapure water is added in cathode side.Under electric field action, lithium ion is more by crown ether graft polymers Pore membrane diffuses into cathode side by anode-side.Crown ether functional membrane used is7Li+It is enriched with film, i.e.,7Li+Mainly it is enriched in film On, and6Li+It then can fast strikethrough film.In addition, under electric field action,6Li+Electromobility be greater than7Li+, i.e.,6Li+It can be quickly Cathode side is diffused by anode-side.Therefore, using different lithium isotopes, migration rate is different and porous under same voltage Film is to the selective penetrated property of lithium isotope, to realize6Li+/7Li+Efficiently separate.
2. the method for field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope according to claim 1, special Sign is: crown ether graft polymers can be formoxyl Benzo15crown5 derivatives grafting polyvinyl alcohol, and formoxyl Benzo15crown5 derivatives connect Branch polythene-ethenol, amino benzo-15-crown-5 are grafted polysulfones, amino benzo-15-crown-5 graft polyether sulfone, amino benzo 15- 5 graft polyether ether ketone of crown-, single azabenzo15crown5 grafting polysulfones, single azabenzo15crown5 graft polyether sulfone, single azepine Benzo-15-crown-5 graft polyether ether ketone, formoxyl Benzo15crown5 derivatives grafted chitosan, amino benzo 12-crown-4 grafting polysulfones, Amino benzo 12-crown-4 grafting polyvinyl alcohol, single azepine benzo 12-crown-4 grafted chitosan.
3. the method for field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope according to claim 1, special Sign is: lithium salt solution solute is LiI, LiCl, LiBr, LiNO3、LiOH、Li2SO4、CF3One or more of COOLi is mixed Object is closed, solvent is ultrapure water, ethyl alcohol, acetone, one or more of mixtures in acetonitrile.
4. the method for field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope according to claim 1, special Sign is: lithium salt solution concentration is 0.1mol/L-100mol/L.
5. the method for field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope according to claim 1, special Sign is: the magnitude range of voltage of electric field is 0.1V-2V.
6. the method for field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope according to claim 1, special Sign is: the number of plies of the polymer porous film in diffusion cell is 1-10 layers.
7. the method for field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope according to claim 1, special Sign is: the materials such as anode Ti, C, Ni, the materials such as the noble metals such as cathode Fe, Cu, Pt and C, stainless steel.
CN201811365076.9A 2018-11-16 2018-11-16 A kind of method of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope Pending CN109200822A (en)

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Cited By (13)

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CN110961084A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-04-07 常州大学 Preparation method of modified chitosan aerogel and application of modified chitosan aerogel in adsorption of lithium ions
CN111253365A (en) * 2020-03-04 2020-06-09 万华化学集团股份有限公司 Bonded crown ether type adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof
CN112452150A (en) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-09 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Separation and enrichment method of lithium isotope
CN113262639A (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-17 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Separation and enrichment6Method for Li isotope
CN113262636A (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-17 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Extraction-electromigration coupling separation and enrichment7Method for Li isotope
CN113265541A (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-17 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Extraction-electromigration coupling separation and enrichment6Method for Li isotope
WO2021159673A1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Method for electromigration separation and enrichment of isotope 6li
WO2021159674A1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Li isotope separation and enrichment method
WO2022082324A1 (en) 2020-10-19 2022-04-28 Pontificia Universidad Católica Solid-liquid extraction process for recovering ions of interest from solid materials
CN114432888A (en) * 2022-02-17 2022-05-06 厦门大学 Method for separating isotope by coupling pressure and electric field force
CN114832625A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-02 中南大学 Lithium isotope separation method and device
CN115814602A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-03-21 中国科学技术大学 Self-microporous polymer membrane for lithium isotope separation, preparation method thereof and electrodialysis separation application
CN115814602B (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-05-24 中国科学技术大学 Self-contained microporous polymer membrane for lithium isotope separation, preparation method thereof and electrodialysis separation application

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Cited By (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112452150A (en) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-09 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Separation and enrichment method of lithium isotope
CN110961084A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-04-07 常州大学 Preparation method of modified chitosan aerogel and application of modified chitosan aerogel in adsorption of lithium ions
WO2021159674A1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Li isotope separation and enrichment method
CN113265541B (en) * 2020-02-14 2022-09-20 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Extraction-electromigration coupling separation and enrichment 6 Method for Li isotope
CN113262639A (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-17 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Separation and enrichment6Method for Li isotope
CN113262636A (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-17 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Extraction-electromigration coupling separation and enrichment7Method for Li isotope
CN113265541A (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-17 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Extraction-electromigration coupling separation and enrichment6Method for Li isotope
WO2021159673A1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Method for electromigration separation and enrichment of isotope 6li
CN113262636B (en) * 2020-02-14 2024-04-05 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Extraction-electromigration coupling separation and enrichment 7 Method for producing Li isotopes
CN113262639B (en) * 2020-02-14 2022-11-11 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Separation and enrichment 6 Method for Li isotope
CN111253365B (en) * 2020-03-04 2021-06-29 万华化学集团股份有限公司 Bonded crown ether type adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof
CN111253365A (en) * 2020-03-04 2020-06-09 万华化学集团股份有限公司 Bonded crown ether type adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof
WO2022082324A1 (en) 2020-10-19 2022-04-28 Pontificia Universidad Católica Solid-liquid extraction process for recovering ions of interest from solid materials
CN114432888A (en) * 2022-02-17 2022-05-06 厦门大学 Method for separating isotope by coupling pressure and electric field force
CN114832625A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-02 中南大学 Lithium isotope separation method and device
CN114832625B (en) * 2022-05-24 2023-03-17 中南大学 Lithium isotope separation method and device
CN115814602A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-03-21 中国科学技术大学 Self-microporous polymer membrane for lithium isotope separation, preparation method thereof and electrodialysis separation application
CN115814602B (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-05-24 中国科学技术大学 Self-contained microporous polymer membrane for lithium isotope separation, preparation method thereof and electrodialysis separation application

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