CN109200789A - A kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic reduction denitrification apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic reduction denitrification apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109200789A CN109200789A CN201811391894.6A CN201811391894A CN109200789A CN 109200789 A CN109200789 A CN 109200789A CN 201811391894 A CN201811391894 A CN 201811391894A CN 109200789 A CN109200789 A CN 109200789A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic reduction denitrification apparatus and method, belongs to kiln gas denitration technology field.The denitrification apparatus includes denitration liquid storage device, denitrating tower, biological reducing enzyme stick, enclosed circulation pond, first circulation pump, second circulation pump and bioactivation enzyme stick.The present invention forms co-ordination complex with the NO for being insoluble in water using the planar metallo-chelate of the First Transitions metal ion such as iron-cobalt-nickel, and this complex compound is soluble in water, efficiently solves the problems, such as that liquid phase difficulty is reacted;Using the biological reducing enzyme stick with reproducibility, the NO in co-ordination complex is directly reduced to nitrogen in the liquid phase;When exhaust gas volumn is less than 200,000 Nm3When/h, denitration effect is best, when exhaust gas volumn is greater than 200,000 Nm3When/h, because flue gas flow rate is accelerated to inhibit the reaction time, and decline denitration efficiency, therefore the method for the present invention is applicable to the relatively small denitrating technique of kiln gas amount.The invention belongs to low-temperature denitration, temperature is controlled at 40~110 DEG C, and when temperature is controlled at 40~80 DEG C, denitration efficiency is best.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to kiln gas denitration technology fields, and in particular to a kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic reduction
Denitrification apparatus and method.
Background technique:
With making rapid progress for China's industrial technology, NOXEmission problem get worse, and NOXIt is the important of atmosphere pollution
One of pollution sources, this is not only the important origin cause of formation of haze, photochemical fog, acid rain, and it also will cause to atmospheric ozone layer
Destruction administer industry NO to all cause great harm to the health of ecological environment and the mankindXDischarge be again
Cause atmosphere NOXTo resistant to pollution major reason.
Currently, control NOXThe selective catalysis reduction (SCR) of the main denitration method for flue gas of discharge and selective non-catalytic
It restores (SNCR), wherein selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is the effect by metal oxide, at 300~400 DEG C,
Use NH3As reducing agent, selectively by the NO in flue gasXIt is reduced into N2;But the technological investment is expensive and operating cost
The regeneration and processing of height, especially solid-phase catalyst due to the factors such as heavy metal ion in desulphurization denitration after poison deactivation have become
For the problem of current generality.Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology is under conditions of no catalyst, 850~1100
DEG C reducing agent is sprayed into, reducing agent is pyrolyzed out rapidly NH3With NOXReaction generates N2Although the technological investment expense is lower, it is de-
Nitre efficiency is lower, to temperature requirement harshness, is finally difficult to reach the discharge standard of flue gas through processed flue gas, thus, this
Two kinds of technologies belong to high temperature denitration, can all generate very big energy consumption, and operating cost is higher.
Under the conditions of high-temp combustion, the NO that initially dischargesXMiddle NO content is up to about 95%, and NO is difficult to be dissolved in water,
If directly reacted in gas-liquid two-phase, NO is difficult effectively to be reduced to N2, very low so as to cause final denitration efficiency.
In order to solve these problems, the present invention provides the works of a kind of pair of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic reduction denitration
Skill technology, the technology can be first by NO in Fe2+/Co2+Under the catalytic action of double chelates, the co-ordination complex [Fe of formation2+/Co2+
(chelating agent)-(NO)]2-, this co-ordination complex is solvable in water, so that NO can be entered in liquid water phase from gas phase,
Then the NO that can be used the biological enzyme with reproducibility that will be captured and fix is reduced to N2, can thus form a benign reduction
The cyclic process of denitration.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, provides that a kind of low investment, energy consumption is small, denitration efficiency is higher
Kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic restores denitrification apparatus and method.
A kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic provided by the invention restores denitrification apparatus, which includes denitration
Liquid storage device, denitrating tower 8, biological reducing enzyme stick 9, enclosed circulation pond 10, first circulation pump 7, second circulation pump 11, biology
Activating enzymes stick 12 and heating furnace body 14.
The denitration liquid storage device includes denitration A liquid holding vessel 4, denitration B liquid holding vessel 5 and denitration A liquid and denitration B liquid
Mixing holding vessel 6, be respectively arranged in the denitration A liquid holding vessel 4, the denitration B liquid holding vessel 5 and the mixing holding vessel 6
Blender, the denitration A liquid holding vessel 4 and the denitration B liquid holding vessel 5 mix 6 phase of holding vessel with described by pipeline respectively
Connection, the mixing holding vessel 6 are connect by the flue of pipeline and gas inlet with the denitrating tower 8, the mixing holding vessel 6
First circulation pump 7 is equipped between the flue of the gas inlet.
The heating furnace body 14 is connect by the flue of air-introduced machine 1 and gas inlet with the denitrating tower 8, the flue gas into
The first high-pressure spray gun 2 and the second high-pressure spray gun 2 are equipped in the flue of mouth, the lower section of the denitrating tower 8 passes through pipeline and the life
Object reductase stick 9 connects, and the biological reducing enzyme stick 9 is connect by pipeline with the enclosed circulation pond 10;The denitrating tower 8
Top Multi-layer sprinkling device is housed, the Multi-layer sprinkling device passes through the bioactivation enzyme stick 12 respectively and described second follows
Ring pump 11 is connected with the enclosed circulation pond 10.
It can will be captured containing a kind of reducing power using itself in the bioactivation enzyme stick 12 and be fixed on network
A kind of microorganism fungus kind that the NO in object is reduced to nitrogen is closed, the bioactivation enzyme stick 12 is prepared by the following method:
1 kilogram of high deacetylized chitosan and pseudomonas biological species culture materials 0.2 with 2 grams of contents is public
Jin, is added in the glass container of a sealing, is sufficiently mixed by biological oscillator and uniformly obtains mixture, biological inoculum is made to exist
Chitosan microball surface obtains immobilized, then the mixture is encased in 6 centimeters of diameter, length 1.0~1.2 with being uniformly dispersed
Rice stainless steel bar in, both ends are fixed with biomembrane, are passed through nitrogen so that residual air in stainless steel bar is discharged, be sealed to
With;Deacetylation degree >=90 of the high deacetylized chitosan.
Present invention simultaneously provides a kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatics to restore method of denitration, which specifically walks
It is rapid as follows:
It (1), will using high-pressure spray gun during the kiln gas containing NO passes through denitrating tower by flue from heating furnace body
Denitration liquid in the mixing holding vessel 6 is injected to the flue between the heating furnace body and the denitrating tower, allows the denitration
Liquid comes into full contact with the kiln gas containing NO, and the kiln gas containing NO and the denitration liquid are finally mixed with mist
The form for closing object enters the denitrating tower, and the denitration liquid is that denitration A liquid and denitration B liquid are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1.
(2) after the misty mixture of the kiln gas containing NO and the denitration liquid enters in the denitrating tower,
The mist mixture is entered below the denitrating tower in the pipeline equipped with the biological reducing enzyme stick 9, in the life
Under object reductase stick 9 acts on, with co-ordination complex [Fe2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2--Form activation NO is restored by biological enzyme
For nitrogen, [Fe during the reaction2+(chelating agent)]2-It can be by the dioxygen oxidation in flue gas at [Fe3+(chelating agent)]–;It is all anti-
The section transitions state product that should be generated imports the enclosed circulation pond 10, can be by formation in the enclosed circulation pond 10
Nitrogen discharge, and chelating agent is made further to be reduced into the Fe of active catalytic in the enclosed circulation pond 102+State.
(3) chelating agent reacted in the enclosed circulation pond 10 is by circulating pump through the bioactivation enzyme stick 12
It is activated, activity [Fe can be retrieved after activation2+(chelating agent)]2-, the denitrating tower is sprayed by high-pressure spray gun again later
It is interior to be reacted with remaining flue gas progress vapour solvent, to form a denitration cyclic process.
The denitration liquid is mixed by denitration A liquid and denitration B liquid according to mass ratio 1:1;The component of the denitration A liquid and
Weight percent are as follows: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) 0.8%, two water disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Na2EDTA·
2H2O) the sodium sulfite 1.92% of 1.07%, 2wt%, polyvinyl alcohol -200 (PEG200) 0.096%, surplus is water;It is described de-
The component and weight percent of nitre B liquid are as follows: seven water Cobaltous sulfate (CoSO4·7H2O) 0.55%, cysteine hydrochloride (H-
Cys-OHHCl) the glucose 0.98% of 0.35%, 1wt%, the polyvinyl alcohol -200 (PEG200) 0.098% of 0.1wt%,
Industrial alcohol 3.92%, surplus are water.
Denitration A liquid the preparation method is as follows: weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO according to the weight ratio4·7H2O), two water second
Edetate disodium (Na2EDTA·2H2O), suitable water is added, under nitrogen protection, it is all molten to be stirred well to solid
Light green is presented in solution, solution;Then the pH value that solution is adjusted with the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of concentration 1N, makes molten under constant stirring
Liquid pH is best with pH=8 between 7~8;It is separately added into the sodium sulfite of 2wt% and the poly- second of 0.1wt% in the solution again
Enol -200 (PEG200) stirs evenly and the denitration catalyst A liquid is made.In order to prevent ferrous ion be easy in air by
Oxidation, it is ensured that catalyst is ferrous ion, the denitration catalyst A liquid configured using it is preceding preferably under nitrogen protection or handle
Denitration catalyst A liquid is in the state of sealing, and a certain amount of iron filings or iron powder is added as reduction additional fillers.
Denitration B liquid the preparation method is as follows: weighing seven water Cobaltous sulfate (CoSO according to the weight ratio4·7H2) and half Guang O
Propylhomoserin hydrochloride (H-Cys-OHHCl), is added suitable water, is stirred well to solid and all dissolves, LightPink is presented in solution
Color;Then the pH value that solution is adjusted with the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of concentration 1N, makes pH value of solution between 8~9 under constant stirring,
It is best with pH=9;It is separately added into the glucose of 1wt% and the polyvinyl alcohol -200 (PEG200) of 0.1wt% in the solution again,
Then addition industrial alcohol, which stirs evenly, is made the denitration catalyst B liquid.A certain amount of 4~40 mesh active carbon can be added as also
Former additional fillers.
The present invention has following technical characterstic:
(1) it is formed and is coordinated with the NO for being insoluble in water using the planar metallo-chelate of the First Transitions metal ion such as iron-cobalt-nickel
Complex compound [M2+(chelating agent)-NO]2-, and this complex compound is soluble in water, and it is difficult anti-thus to efficiently solve liquid phase
Answer problem.
(2) using the biological reducing enzyme stick with reproducibility, directly the NO in co-ordination complex is reduced in the liquid phase
Nitrogen.
(3) when exhaust gas volumn is less than 200,000 Nm3When/h, denitration effect is best, when exhaust gas volumn is greater than 200,000 Nm3When/h, because of flue gas
Flow velocity is accelerated to inhibit the reaction time, and declines denitration efficiency, therefore this method is applicable to kiln gas amount relatively
Small denitrating technique.
(4) technology belongs to low-temperature denitration, and temperature is controlled at 40~110 DEG C, when temperature is controlled at 40~80 DEG C, denitration
Efficiency is best.
(5) in denitrification process, crossing low temperature makes the reduction of kinetic reaction vigor, and increases active biological enzyme stick Reduction Body
System can be such that the gas-liquid contact time of kiln gas and denitration liquid extends, so that it is guaranteed that denitration efficiency is relatively by repeatedly recycling
For stabilization.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic reduction denitrification apparatus in the present invention.
In figure: 1: air-introduced machine;2: the first high-pressure spray guns;3: the second high-pressure spray guns;4: denitration A liquid holding vessel;5: denitration B liquid
Holding vessel;6: mixing holding vessel;7: first circulation pump;8: denitrating tower;9: biological reducing enzyme stick;10: enclosed circulation pond;11:
Second circulation pump;12: bioactivation enzyme stick;13: motor;14: heating furnace body.
Specific embodiment:
Below by the description of optimum embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1: the exhaust gas volumn of Shandong Weifang Hai Hua company discharge is 4~50,000 Nm3/ h, wherein NO content be 300~
350mg/Nm3, oxygen content is 13~14%, and water content is 5~7%, when flue gas is discharged from heating furnace body by denitration A liquid and de-
After (1:1) mixing in mass ratio of nitre B liquid, it is sprayed onto flue using the first high-pressure spray gun 2 and the second high-pressure spray gun 3, is filled with flue gas
Divide atomization contact, denitrating tower is entered with mist, consume about mixing 15~20Kg/h of denitration liquid, into denitrating tower meeting later
Pass through biological reducing enzyme stick for [Fe from the pipeline below tower2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2--In NO be reduced to nitrogen,
In reaction, the oxygen in flue gas can be by [FeⅡ(chelating agent)]2-It is oxidized to [FeⅢ(chelating agent)]–.The complex compound being oxidized enters
Into enclosed circulation pond, and the nitrogen for restoring formation can be discharged in circulatory pool.[FeⅢ(chelating agent)]–Circulation can be passed through
Pump is [Fe by bioactivation enzyme stick activating and reducingⅡ(chelating agent)]2-It is injected in denitrating tower later, with remnants in denitrating tower
The flue gas containing NO the reaction was continued generate complex compound [Fe2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2--, complex compound can below the tower after
It is continuous to pass through process same as described above, so as to form a benign cyclic process.By continuous operation in 60 days, denitration efficiency
Average reachable 91%.
Embodiment 2: Junan, Shandong Province alkali factory's removed flue gas is 6~80,000 Nm3/ h, wherein NO content is 400~425mg/
Nm3, oxygen content is 14~15%, and water content is 8~10%, when flue gas is discharged from heating furnace body by denitration A liquid and denitration B liquid
In mass ratio after (1:1) mixing, it is sprayed onto flue using the first high-pressure spray gun 2 and the second high-pressure spray gun 3, is sufficiently atomized with flue gas
Contact, enters denitrating tower with mist, consumes about 22~24Kg/h of denitration liquid, later can be below tower into denitrating tower
Pipeline can be by [Fe by biological reducing enzyme stick2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2--In NO be reduced to nitrogen, cigarette in the reaction
Oxygen in gas can be by [FeⅡ(chelating agent)]2-It is oxidized to [FeⅢ(chelating agent)]–.The complex compound being oxidized enters closed follow
In cisterna ambiens, and the nitrogen for restoring generation can be discharged in circulatory pool.[FeⅢ(chelating agent)]–It can be by circulating pump by biology
Activating enzymes stick activating and reducing is [FeⅡ(chelating agent)]2-It is injected in denitrating tower later, contains NO's with remaining in denitrating tower
Flue gas the reaction was continued generate complex compound [Fe2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2-, complex compound can be continued below from tower by with it is above-mentioned
Identical process, so as to form a benign cyclic process.By continuous operation in 38 days, denitration efficiency is average reachable
87%.
Embodiment 3: the exhaust gas volumn that Shandong Zibo unifies ceramics factory's discharge is 15~180,000 Nm3/ h, wherein NO content is 420
~460mg/Nm3, oxygen content is 15~16%, and water content is 10~11%, when flue gas is discharged from heating furnace body by denitration A liquid
After denitration B liquid in mass ratio (1:1) mixing, it is sprayed onto flue using the first high-pressure spray gun 2 and the second high-pressure spray gun 3, with cigarette
Gas is sufficiently atomized contact, enters denitrating tower with mist, consumes about 28~33Kg/h of denitration liquid, into denitrating tower meeting later
It can be by [Fe by biological reducing enzyme stick from the pipeline below tower2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2--In NO be reduced to nitrogen,
The oxygen in flue gas can be by [Fe in the reactionⅡ(chelating agent)]2-It is oxidized to [FeⅢ(chelating agent)]–.The complex compound being oxidized enters
Into enclosed circulation pond, and restore the N generated2It can be discharged in circulatory pool.[FeⅢ(chelating agent)]–It can be passed through by circulating pump
Crossing bioactivation enzyme stick activating and reducing is [FeⅡ(chelating agent)]2-It is injected in denitrating tower, contains with remaining in denitrating tower later
Have NO flue gas the reaction was continued generate complex compound [Fe2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2--, complex compound can be continued below from tower through
Process same as described above is crossed, so as to form a benign cyclic process.By continuous operation in 23 days, denitration efficiency is average
Up to 86%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic restores denitrification apparatus, it is characterised in that the denitrification apparatus includes denitration liquid storage
Cryopreservation device, denitrating tower (8), biological reducing enzyme stick (9), enclosed circulation pond (10), first circulation pump (7), second circulation pump
(11), bioactivation enzyme stick (12) and heating furnace body (14);The denitration liquid storage device includes denitration A liquid holding vessel (4), takes off
The mixing holding vessel (6) of nitre B liquid holding vessel (5) and denitration A liquid and denitration B liquid, the denitration A liquid holding vessel (4), the denitration
Blender, the denitration A liquid holding vessel (4) and the denitration B are respectively arranged in B liquid holding vessel (5) and the mixing holding vessel (6)
Liquid holding vessel (5) is connected with the mixing holding vessel (6) by pipeline respectively, the mixing holding vessel (6) pass through pipeline and
The flue of gas inlet is connect with the denitrating tower (8), is set between the mixing holding vessel (6) and the flue of the gas inlet
There is the first circulation pump (7);The heating furnace body (14) is taken off by the flue of air-introduced machine (1) and the gas inlet with described
Nitre tower (8) connects, and the first high-pressure spray gun (2) and the second high-pressure spray gun (2), the denitration are equipped in the flue of the gas inlet
The lower section of tower (8) is connect by pipeline with the biological reducing enzyme stick (9), and the biological reducing enzyme stick (9) passes through pipeline and institute
State enclosed circulation pond (10) connection;The top of the denitrating tower (8) is equipped with Multi-layer sprinkling device, the Multi-layer sprinkling device point
It is not connected by the bioactivation enzyme stick (12) and second circulation pump (11) with the enclosed circulation pond (10).
2. a kind of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic according to claim 1 restores denitrification apparatus, it is characterised in that institute
Stating in bioactivation enzyme stick (12) can will be captured and be fixed in complex compound containing a kind of reducing power using itself
NO is reduced to a kind of microorganism fungus kind of nitrogen, and the bioactivation enzyme stick (12) is prepared by the following method: by 1 kilogram
High deacetylized chitosan and 0.2 kilogram of the pseudomonas biological species culture materials with 2 grams of contents, are added to a sealing
Glass container in, be sufficiently mixed by biological oscillator and uniformly obtain mixture, make biological inoculum on chitosan microball surface
It obtains immobilized, then the mixture is encased in the stainless steel bar of 6 centimeters of diameter, 1.0~1.2 meters of length with being uniformly dispersed
In, both ends are fixed with biomembrane, are passed through nitrogen so that residual air in stainless steel bar is discharged, and are sealed stand-by;It is described high de-
Deacetylation degree >=90 of the chitosan of acetyl degree.
3. a kind of method of denitration of kiln gas low-temperature biological enzymatic reduction denitrification apparatus according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that specific step is as follows for the method for denitration:
It (1), will be described using high-pressure spray gun during the kiln gas containing NO passes through denitrating tower by flue from heating furnace body
Denitration liquid in mixing holding vessel (6) is injected to the flue between the heating furnace body and the denitrating tower, allows the denitration liquid
It is come into full contact with the kiln gas containing NO, the kiln gas containing NO and the denitration liquid are finally with mist mixing
The form of object enters the denitrating tower, and the denitration liquid is that denitration A liquid and denitration B liquid are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1;
(2) it is described after the misty mixture of the kiln gas containing NO and the denitration liquid enters in the denitrating tower
Misty mixture is entered below the denitrating tower in the pipeline equipped with the biological reducing enzyme stick (9), in the biology
Under reductase stick (9) effect, with co-ordination complex [Fe2+/Co2+(chelating agent)-(NO)]2--Form activation NO is restored by biological enzyme
For nitrogen, [Fe during the reaction2+(chelating agent)]2-It can be by the dioxygen oxidation in flue gas at [Fe3+(chelating agent)]–;It is all anti-
The section transitions state product that should be generated imports the enclosed circulation pond (10), can be by shape in the enclosed circulation pond (10)
At nitrogen discharge, and chelating agent is made further to be reduced into the Fe of active catalytic in the enclosed circulation pond (10)2+State;
(3) chelating agent reacted in the enclosed circulation pond (10) is by circulating pump through the bioactivation enzyme stick (12)
It is activated, activity [Fe can be retrieved after activation2+(chelating agent)]2-, the denitrating tower is sprayed by high-pressure spray gun again later
It is interior to be reacted with remaining flue gas progress vapour solvent, to form a denitration cyclic process.
4. method of denitration according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the denitration liquid by denitration A liquid and denitration B liquid according to
Mass ratio 1:1 is mixed;The component and weight percent of the denitration A liquid are as follows: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.8%, two water second two
Amine tetraacethyl disodium 1.07%, the sodium sulfite 1.92% of 2wt%, polyvinyl alcohol -200:0.096%, surplus is water;It is described de-
The component and weight percent of nitre B liquid are as follows: seven water Cobaltous sulfates 0.55%, cysteine hydrochloride 0.35%, the grape of 1wt%
Polyvinyl alcohol-the 200:0.098% of 0.98%, 0.1wt% of sugar, industrial alcohol 3.92%, surplus is water.
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CN110102179A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-09 | 苏州仕净环保科技股份有限公司 | LCR liquid catalyst denitrating technique |
CN110327761A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-15 | 苏州仕净环保科技股份有限公司 | The technique of NOx in a kind of removing flue gas |
CN110787576A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-14 | 安徽工业大学 | Desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated treatment device and method |
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