CN109199645A - 组配式髋臼假体及其安装方法及与其配套的骨缺损磨锉器 - Google Patents

组配式髋臼假体及其安装方法及与其配套的骨缺损磨锉器 Download PDF

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CN109199645A
CN109199645A CN201811338730.7A CN201811338730A CN109199645A CN 109199645 A CN109199645 A CN 109199645A CN 201811338730 A CN201811338730 A CN 201811338730A CN 109199645 A CN109199645 A CN 109199645A
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shaft
bone
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肖何
王健
史占军
李涛
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Guangzhou China Titanium Three-Dimensional Material Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4657—Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提出一种组配式髋臼假体及其安装方法及与其配套的骨缺损磨锉器，可有效提高髋臼假体安装后的稳定性和使用寿命。本发明的组配式髋臼假体由髋臼外杯及组配固定于髋臼外杯一侧的加强块构成，与该组配式髋臼假体配套的骨缺损磨锉器包括手柄，所述手柄的远端可拆卸地安装有髋臼适配部，所述髋臼适配部的一侧设有缺口；所述手柄固定有转轴滑套，转轴滑套在手柄的一侧设有转轴通孔，所述转轴通孔安装有可沿转轴通孔轴向自由移动的转轴，所述转轴与手柄平行；所述髋臼适配部的近端设有避让部，所述转轴穿过避让部而伸入到缺口处，转轴的远端可拆卸地安装有磨锉头，转轴的近端设有用于与驱动器连接以传递驱动器扭矩的连接部。

Description

组配式髋臼假体及其安装方法及与其配套的骨缺损磨锉器
技术领域
本发明属于医疗技术领域，具体涉及到一种用于人工全髋关节翻修术或初次置换术的组配式髋臼假体及其安装方法及与其配套的骨缺损磨锉器。
背景技术
全髋关节初次置换或翻修术中，髋臼侧大块骨缺损会影响髋臼假体稳定性，金属加强块填补是处理髋臼骨缺损的常用手段。传统的加强块是标准形制，与髋臼外杯分离植入，常常不能完全贴合骨缺损的形态，不利于长期稳定；并且加强块与髋臼外杯之间不是固定连接的，两者之间需要用骨水泥填塞，微动摩擦会产生有害的磨屑，可能加速假体磨损和导致骨溶解，降低假体寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种组配式髋臼假体及其安装方法及与其配套的骨缺损磨锉器，可有效提高髋臼假体安装后的稳定性和使用寿命。
本发明的组配式髋臼假体由髋臼外杯及组配固定于髋臼外杯一侧的加强块构成，这样两者之间固定牢固，就无需利用骨水泥填塞，不会产生磨屑，有利于提高髋臼假体的使用寿命。
具体来说，髋臼外杯与加强块的连接结构由以下两种：
1、所述髋臼外杯的一侧设有突出的锥状部；所述加强块的底部设有与所述锥状部配合的锥管，所述锥状部与锥管通过锥度锁紧的方式连接在一起，从而将加强块固定在髋臼外杯的一侧。
2、所述髋臼外杯的一侧设有突出的两端开口的固定管，所述加强块的底部设有与所述固定管位置对应的内螺纹管，所述加强块利用穿过固定管并旋入内螺纹管的螺栓固定在髋臼外杯的一侧。
进一步地，为增加与髋臼骨床及骨缺损部位的贴合度，实现生物固定，提高髋臼假体安装的稳定性，所述髋臼外杯为球缺结构，所述加强块的端部为球缺结构。
本发明提出的与上述组配式髋臼假体配套的骨缺损磨锉器包括手柄，所述手柄的远端可拆卸地安装有髋臼适配部，所述髋臼适配部的一侧设有缺口；所述手柄固定有转轴滑套，所述转轴滑套在手柄的一侧设有转轴通孔，所述转轴通孔安装有可沿转轴通孔轴向自由移动的转轴，所述转轴与手柄平行；所述髋臼适配部的近端设有避让部，所述转轴穿过避让部而伸入到缺口处，转轴的远端可拆卸地安装有磨锉头，转轴的近端设有用于与驱动器连接以传递驱动器扭矩的连接部。
进一步地，为方便测量骨缺损部位磨锉后的深度，所述手柄在朝向转轴的一侧设有刻度尺，所述转轴设有位置指示环。
进一步地，为增加髋臼假体与髋臼骨床及骨缺损部位的贴合度，提高髋臼假体安装的稳定性，所述髋臼适配部、磨锉头均为球缺形状。
上述组配式髋臼假体的安装方法包括如下步骤：
A、利用常规髋臼锉磨锉髋臼骨床至均匀渗血；
B、根据常规髋臼锉的尺寸选择配有合适髋臼适配部尺寸的骨缺损磨锉器，将骨缺损磨锉器的髋臼适配部置入髋臼骨床，将手柄指向调整至手术计划要求的髋臼方向，转动手柄以使磨锉头对准并抵紧在骨缺损部位处，然后利用驱动器带动转轴转动，对骨缺损部位进行磨锉，直至骨缺损部位已经贴合磨锉头的端面并均匀渗血，并测量出骨缺损部位磨锉后的深度；
C、根据步骤A中的常规髋臼锉的直径，选择对应直径的髋臼外杯；根据步骤B中骨缺损部位的磨锉深度和磨锉头的直径，选择对应尺寸的加强块；然后将髋臼外杯与加强块装配并固定在一起；
D、将组配完毕的髋臼假体打入髋臼骨床。
进一步地，所述B步骤中，在对骨缺损部位磨锉之后，观察位置指示环对应手柄上的刻度尺的位置，从而得知骨缺损部位磨锉后的深度。
本发明在常规磨锉髋臼后，可以在骨缺损磨锉器的导航下将骨缺损部位磨锉至标准形态（即球缺形状），并根据磨锉深度与磨锉头直径选择对应厚度和直径的加强块，将其与髋臼杯假体组配固定后植入髋臼骨床，这样既能消除髋臼与加强块之间的微动，解决磨屑问题；又能改善加强块与骨床的贴合，利于假体长期稳定。
附图说明
图1为本发明的组配式髋臼假体的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明的组配式髋臼假体的分体结构示意图。
图3为本发明的骨缺损磨锉器的结构示意图。
图4为实施例1中骨缺损的髋臼示意图。
图5为实施例1中利用常规髋臼锉磨磨锉髋臼的示意图。
图6为实施例1中利用骨缺损磨锉器来磨锉骨缺损部位的示意图。
图7为实施例1中打入组配式髋臼假体的示意图。
附图标示：1、髋臼外杯；101、锥状部；2、加强块；201、锥管；3、手柄；4、髋臼适配部；401、缺口；5、转轴滑套；6、转轴；601、连接部；602、磨锉头安装部；603、位置指示环；7、磨锉头；8、电钻；9、刻度尺；10、髋臼骨床；11、骨缺损部位；12、常规髋臼锉。
具体实施方式
下面对照附图，通过对实施实例的描述，对本发明的具体实施方式如所涉及的各构件的形状、构造、各部分之间的相互位置及连接关系、各部分的作用及工作原理等作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1：
本实施例提出了一种组配式髋臼假体及与其配套的骨缺损磨锉器及组配式髋臼假体的安装方法，可用于如图4所示的髋臼边缘存在骨缺损的全髋关节初次置换术或翻修术，有效提高髋臼假体安装后的稳定性和使用寿命。
如图1、2所示，本实施例的组配式髋臼假体由髋臼外杯1及加强块2构成，髋臼外杯1为球缺结构，加强块2的主体为圆柱状结构，其端部为球缺结构，加强块2的一侧侧面是与髋臼外杯1侧面形状适配的曲面，髋臼外杯1的一侧设有突出的锥状部101，加强块2的底部设有与所述锥状部101配合的锥管201，所述锥状部101与锥管201通过锥度锁紧的方式连接在一起，从而将加强块2组配固定于髋臼外杯1的一侧。
如图3所示，本实施例提出的与上述组配式髋臼假体配套的骨缺损磨锉器包括手柄3，手柄3的远端（即图中的上端）通过螺纹配合或者其他方式可拆卸地安装有髋臼适配部4，手柄3方向代表髋臼假体的安装方向，髋臼适配部4为球缺形状；髋臼适配部4的一侧设有缺口401；手柄3的上部固定有转轴滑套5，所述转轴滑套5在手柄3的一侧设有转轴通孔，所述转轴通孔安装有可沿转轴通孔轴向自由移动的转轴6，所述转轴6与手柄3平行；髋臼适配部4的近端（即图中的下端）设有通孔状的避让部，所述转轴6穿过避让部而伸入到缺口401处，转轴6的远端设有磨锉头安装部602，可拆卸地安装磨锉头7，转轴6的近端设有用于与驱动器连接以传递驱动器扭矩的连接部601。在本实施例中，驱动器采用电钻8，电钻8转动时即可带动转轴6及转轴6端部的磨锉头7同步转动。
为方便测量骨缺损部位磨锉后的深度，所述手柄3在朝向转轴6的一侧设有刻度尺9，所述转轴6设有位置指示环603，转轴6沿着转轴通孔移动时，位置指示环603对应到刻度尺9上的位置也随之移动。
为增加髋臼假体与髋臼骨床10及骨缺损部位11的贴合度，提高髋臼假体安装的稳定性，所述髋臼适配部4、磨锉头7均为球缺形状。
上述组配式髋臼假体的安装方法包括如下步骤：
A、如图5所示，利用常规髋臼锉12磨锉髋臼骨床10至均匀渗血；
B、如图6所示，根据常规髋臼锉12的尺寸选择配有合适髋臼适配部4尺寸的骨缺损磨锉器，将骨缺损磨锉器的髋臼适配部4置入髋臼骨床10内，将手柄3指向调整至手术计划要求的髋臼方向，转动手柄3以使磨锉头7对准并抵紧在骨缺损部位11处，然后利用电钻8带动转轴6转动，对骨缺损部位11进行磨锉，直至骨缺损部位11已经贴合磨锉头7的端面并均匀渗血，通过观察位置指示环603对应手柄3上的刻度尺9的位置，获知骨缺损部位11磨锉后的深度；
C、根据步骤A中的常规髋臼锉12的直径，选择对应直径的髋臼外杯1；根据步骤B中骨缺损部位11的磨锉深度和磨锉头7的直径，选择对应尺寸的加强块2；然后将髋臼外杯1与加强块2装配并固定在一起，形成如图1所示的髋臼假体；
D、如图7所示，将组配完毕的髋臼假体打入髋臼骨床10。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述，显然本发明具体设计并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种组配式髋臼假体，其特征在于由髋臼外杯及组配固定于髋臼外杯一侧的加强块构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组配式髋臼假体，其特征在于所述髋臼外杯的一侧设有突出的锥状部；所述加强块的底部设有与所述锥状部配合的锥管，所述锥状部与锥管通过锥度锁紧的方式连接在一起，从而将加强块固定在髋臼外杯的一侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组配式髋臼假体，其特征在于所述髋臼外杯的一侧设有突出的两端开口的固定管，所述加强块的底部设有与所述固定管位置对应的内螺纹管，所述加强块利用穿过固定管并旋入内螺纹管的螺栓固定在髋臼外杯的一侧。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的组配式髋臼假体，其特征在于所述髋臼外杯为球缺结构，所述加强块的端部为球缺结构。
5.一种骨缺损磨锉器，其特征在于包括手柄，所述手柄的远端可拆卸地安装有髋臼适配部，所述髋臼适配部的一侧设有缺口；所述手柄固定有转轴滑套，所述转轴滑套在手柄的一侧设有转轴通孔，所述转轴通孔安装有可沿转轴通孔轴向自由移动的转轴，所述转轴与手柄平行；所述髋臼适配部的近端设有避让部，所述转轴穿过避让部而伸入到缺口处，转轴的远端可拆卸地安装有磨锉头，转轴的近端设有用于与驱动器连接以传递驱动器扭矩的连接部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的骨缺损磨锉器，其特征在于所述手柄在朝向转轴的一侧设有刻度尺，所述转轴设有位置指示环。
7.根据权利要求5所述的骨缺损磨锉器，其特征在于所述髋臼适配部、磨锉头均为球缺形状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组配式髋臼假体的安装方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
A、利用常规髋臼锉磨锉髋臼骨床至均匀渗血；
B、根据常规髋臼锉的尺寸选择配有合适髋臼适配部尺寸的骨缺损磨锉器，将骨缺损磨锉器的髋臼适配部置入髋臼骨床，将手柄指向调整至手术计划要求的髋臼方向，转动手柄以使磨锉头对准并抵紧在骨缺损部位处，然后利用驱动器带动转轴转动，对骨缺损部位进行磨锉，直至骨缺损部位已经贴合磨锉头的端面并均匀渗血，并测量出骨缺损部位磨锉后的深度；
C、根据步骤A中的常规髋臼锉的直径，选择对应直径的髋臼外杯；根据步骤B中骨缺损部位的磨锉深度和磨锉头的直径，选择对应尺寸的加强块；然后将髋臼外杯与加强块装配并固定在一起；
D、将组配完毕的髋臼假体打入髋臼骨床。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组配式髋臼假体的安装方法，其特征在于所述B步骤中，在对骨缺损部位磨锉之后，观察位置指示环对应手柄上的刻度尺的位置，从而得知骨缺损部位磨锉后的深度。
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