CN109194214B - Transient overvoltage suppression circuit of three-stage synchronous generator and implementation method thereof - Google Patents

Transient overvoltage suppression circuit of three-stage synchronous generator and implementation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109194214B
CN109194214B CN201811386980.8A CN201811386980A CN109194214B CN 109194214 B CN109194214 B CN 109194214B CN 201811386980 A CN201811386980 A CN 201811386980A CN 109194214 B CN109194214 B CN 109194214B
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王智慧
李麟
邵静
牟文辉
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Shaanxi Aero Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients

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Abstract

The invention provides a transient overvoltage suppression circuit of a three-level synchronous generator and an implementation method thereof, wherein the circuit comprises a three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator, an effective value calculating circuit, a DSP processing circuit, an IGBT driving circuit and an energy absorption circuit; when the DSP detects that the three-level synchronous generator outputs overvoltage, the DSP outputs a voltage regulation prohibition signal to the voltage controller to cut off the exciting current of the exciter, meanwhile, the DSP outputs a de-excitation input signal to the de-excitation resistor to rapidly consume the exciting current of the generator in a resistor heating mode, after a certain time, the DSP outputs a PWM signal with a variable duty ratio according to the current collected overvoltage value and adaptively sends the PWM signal to the power absorption resistor control switch IGBT, the power absorption resistor is input to rapidly restrain transient overvoltage, and the voltage is smoothly transited to a normal range. The method can effectively inhibit overvoltage caused by cutting off a high-power load or under other working conditions, and quickly and smoothly transition the overvoltage to a steady-state working voltage before the main contactor is disconnected, so that uninterrupted power supply is realized.

Description

Transient overvoltage suppression circuit of three-stage synchronous generator and implementation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aviation alternating current power generation systems, and relates to a transient overvoltage suppression circuit of a three-level synchronous generator and an implementation method thereof.
Background
With the development of aviation multi-electrical technology, loads enter an era with high power as a typical characteristic. When the system carries out high-power load cutting or energy feedback type load impact, due to the protection delay characteristic of the voltage controller of the three-stage synchronous generator and the inherent response time of the contactor, before the contactor does not execute disconnection operation, the output voltage at the tail end of the generator seriously exceeds the national military standard voltage threshold, and the output end generates serious overvoltage phenomenon, so that the rear-stage electric equipment is in failure or system-level protection.
When the existing aviation three-level synchronous generator faces the problem of transient overvoltage, a method commonly adopted in engineering is to regulate voltage through a generator voltage controller and to inhibit the transient overvoltage by adopting a Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) and a piezoresistor. When overvoltage is generated, the voltage controller adjusts the voltage to be within a voltage range meeting the national military standard, if the voltage controller cannot realize overvoltage suppression, system protection is carried out by breaking excitation, breaking a main contactor and the like, and a main power supply and rear-stage electric equipment are cut off. The TVS has the advantages of high response speed, small volume, large capacitance (dozens to hundreds of pF), small current resistance, and only a plurality of specific values of breakdown voltage, and easily causes the TVS to be burnt out and has low reliability due to large load current of the aero-generator. The reliability of the piezoresistor is not high due to the service life times and the breakdown short circuit failure mode. In a severe aviation electric power working environment, the three main currently adopted means for suppressing the transient overvoltage cannot rapidly suppress and smoothly transition the overvoltage to a steady-state safe voltage within the time specified by the national military standard, so that uninterrupted power supply is provided for onboard load equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid and effective transient overvoltage suppression circuit of an aviation three-level synchronous generator and a method thereof, aiming at solving the problem of suppression of the output transient overvoltage of the aviation three-level synchronous generator.
The main principle concept of the invention is as follows: when a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) detects that the three-level synchronous generator outputs overvoltage, the DSP outputs a voltage regulation prohibition signal to a voltage controller to cut off the exciting current of an exciter, and simultaneously the DSP outputs a de-excitation input signal to a de-excitation resistor to quickly consume the exciting current of the generator in a resistor heating mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the transient overvoltage suppression circuit of the three-level synchronous generator is characterized in that: the system comprises a generator three-phase voltage sampling circuit, an effective value calculating circuit, a DSP processing circuit, an IGBT driving circuit and an energy absorption circuit;
the input signal of the three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator is three-phase alternating-current high voltage of a main generator in the three-level synchronous generator, and a low-voltage input signal is provided for the effective value calculating circuit; the effective value calculating circuit obtains an effective value of the three-phase alternating-current low voltage after resolving, and provides an AD sampling input signal for the DSP processing circuit; the DSP processing circuit comprises a DSP chip and a peripheral circuit required for normal high-speed running and debugging of the DSP, and outputs a voltage regulation inhibiting signal, a de-excitation signal and a duty ratio variable PWM signal according to a set algorithm; the IGBT driving circuit shapes the variable duty ratio PWM signal and improves the driving capability so as to control the input or the cut-off of the power absorption resistor in the energy absorption circuit.
In a further preferred aspect, the transient overvoltage suppression circuit for a three-stage synchronous generator is characterized in that: the energy absorption circuit comprises a power absorption resistor, a full-bridge rectification module and an IGBT; the front-stage input of the full-bridge rectifier module is three-phase alternating current output by the main generator, direct current rectified by the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with the power absorption resistor, and the on-off of the IGBT is utilized to control whether the power absorption resistor is put into use.
In a further preferred aspect, the transient overvoltage suppression circuit for a three-stage synchronous generator is characterized in that: the IGBT driving circuit carries out shaping filtering on the PWM signal output by the DSP processing circuit, and then the driving capability is improved by utilizing an amplification link.
In a further preferred aspect, the transient overvoltage suppression circuit for a three-stage synchronous generator is characterized in that: the three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator carries out resistance voltage division and capacitance frequency compensation on three-phase alternating current high voltage of a main generator in the input three-stage synchronous generator, and outputs three-phase alternating current low voltage.
The method for realizing the transient overvoltage suppression of the three-level synchronous generator by using the circuit is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: AD sampling is carried out on the effective value of the three-phase alternating voltage output by a main generator in the three-level synchronous generator, and the effective value U of the current output voltage of the main generator is obtained;
step 2: the effective value U of the current output voltage of the main generator and the set voltage threshold value U are compared2And voltage threshold U1Making a logical decision wherein U1＜U2：
If U is more than or equal to U2The DSP outputs a voltage regulation inhibiting signal and a de-excitation input signal and sets a time delay time TdelayWhen the delay time is reached, the effective value U of the current output voltage of the main generator and the set voltage threshold value U are judged1The magnitude relationship of (e.g. U ≧ U)1Entering step three, if U < U1Entering the step five; wherein the time delay TdelayShould be set to ensure that the effective value of the voltage U < U after the delay time is reached2；
If it is
Figure BDA0001873165240000033
Turning to the third step;
if it is
Figure BDA0001873165240000032
Turning to the fifth step;
and step 3: the DSP outputs a de-excitation turn-off signal, the voltage regulation inhibit signal is unchanged, and simultaneously the DSP outputs a PWM signal with a variable duty ratio according to the currently acquired effective voltage value U, wherein the duty ratio D of the PWM signal is k multiplied by U2K is a set proportionality coefficient, and R is a resistance value of the power absorption resistor;
and 4, step 4: setting a PWM register to perform PWM output according to the duty ratio of the PWM signal obtained in the step 3, and then entering a step 6;
and 5: the DSP outputs a de-excitation turn-off signal and a full-low-level PWM signal without inputting an energy absorption loop, and simultaneously outputs a voltage regulating signal which only depends on a voltage controller to regulate the voltage of the output end of the generator;
step 6: and (5) repeating the steps 1 to 5.
In a further preferred aspect, the method for suppressing transient overvoltage of a three-stage synchronous generator is characterized in that: in the step 1, AD sampling of the three-phase alternating voltage effective value output by a main generator in the three-level synchronous generator is carried out, then a sampling value is calibrated by utilizing a calibration algorithm formulated according to a DSP internal reference source, a signal after sampling calibration is processed by using a mean filtering algorithm, and the current main generator output voltage effective value U is calculated
Figure BDA0001873165240000031
Wherein Ud is the voltage value after sampling, calibration and filtering, and Du is the conversion ratio of the actual voltage to the sampling voltage.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a transient overvoltage suppression method for a three-level synchronous generator, which is characterized in that algorithm control is carried out by a DSP (digital signal processor), a de-excitation algorithm is executed firstly when transient voltage is overhigh, a power absorption resistor is put into the transient overvoltage suppression method after a certain time to suppress overvoltage, and a voltage controller is used for adjusting the transient overvoltage suppression method when the voltage is reduced to a certain degree. The method can quickly suppress the transient overvoltage and stably transition to the steady-state working voltage, has high transient response real-time performance and simple and convenient control algorithm, can ensure the uninterrupted power supply of the airborne power system and the safety of the rear-stage electric equipment as far as possible, avoids the network withdrawal of the generator to realize the power grid protection when the transient overvoltage occurs, and effectively improves the robustness of the power system.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an algorithm of a software program;
FIG. 3 is an exciter de-excitation circuit;
fig. 4 is an energy absorption circuit.
The de-excitation circuit of the exciter is controlled by a de-excitation signal output by the DSP, and FIELD + and FIELD-are respectively connected with two ends of the excitation winding. When the drive relay U1 is switched off, the demagnetization resistor is connected to the freewheeling circuit. Power A, Power B and Power RC are used as output ends of the main generator, three-phase POWER output by the generator is rectified into direct current through a rectifying module (D1-D6), the on/off of an IGBT is controlled by a PWM signal output by the DSP, and then whether POWER absorption resistors (R1 and R2) are put into use or not is controlled.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
When the airborne high-power load is cut off or other working conditions cause the aviation three-level synchronous generator to output transient overvoltage, the system can be protected only by a mode of de-exciting and breaking the main contactor on the premise that the voltage controller cannot be quickly and effectively restrained and adjusted. The invention aims to solve the problem of suppression of transient overvoltage output by an aviation three-level synchronous generator and realize uninterrupted power supply under the condition of overvoltage, and provides a rapid and effective suppression circuit and a suppression method for transient overvoltage of the aviation three-level synchronous generator.
As a novel overvoltage suppression method, the method is simple in control circuit and high in algorithm real-time performance, can effectively suppress transient overvoltage caused by cutting off of a high-power load or other faults, quickly and smoothly transits the overvoltage to a steady-state working voltage before the main contactor is disconnected, realizes uninterrupted power supply, ensures safe, reliable and stable operation of a power supply system and rear-stage electric equipment as far as possible, and improves robustness of an airborne power system.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the transient overvoltage suppression method is used for carrying out transient overvoltage technical research according to the system function framework, the software program flow chart and the hardware circuit shown in the figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, can be applied to airborne variable-frequency and constant-frequency alternating-current power generation systems in China, and has an obvious overvoltage suppression effect.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, a method for suppressing overvoltage of a three-stage synchronous generator includes a hardware portion and a software portion.
The hardware circuit comprises a generator three-phase voltage sampling circuit, an effective value calculating circuit, a DSP processing circuit, an IGBT driving circuit and an energy absorption circuit. The three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator provides a low-voltage input signal for the effective value calculating circuit, the low-voltage input signal is provided for the DSP processing circuit after being calculated by the effective value calculating circuit, the DSP processing circuit mainly comprises related peripheral circuits required by normal high-speed running and debugging of the DSP, the DSP processing circuit outputs a voltage regulation prohibition signal, a field suppression signal and a variable duty ratio PWM signal according to a set algorithm, and the IGBT driving circuit mainly shapes and promotes the driving capability of the variable duty ratio PWM signal and is used for controlling the input or cut-off of a power absorption resistor in the energy absorption circuit.
The three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator comprises: the input signal is three-phase alternating-current high voltage of a main generator in the three-stage synchronous generator, and the output signal is three-phase alternating-current low voltage through resistance voltage division and capacitance frequency compensation and provides the input signal for a post-stage effective value calculating circuit.
The effective value calculation circuit: the input is a three-phase alternating current low-voltage signal after voltage division and frequency compensation, effective value calculation is completed through a quick effective value calculation chip and a peripheral matching device, the output is an effective value of the three-phase alternating current low voltage, and harmonic pollution signals caused by power electronic devices and nonlinear loads are effectively eliminated.
The DSP processing circuit: a high-speed DSP chip is adopted to construct a system peripheral circuit, which mainly comprises a clock circuit, a reset circuit, a JTAG interface circuit, a power circuit, a watchdog circuit, an AD sampling clamping protection circuit, an RS422 interface circuit and the like.
The IGBT drive circuit: firstly, the PWM signal is shaped and filtered to prevent high-frequency interference, and then the driving capability of the power switch tube is improved by utilizing an amplification link, so that the heating phenomenon of the power switch tube is effectively reduced.
The energy absorption circuit: the power absorption device mainly comprises a power absorption resistor, a rectification module and an IGBT, wherein three-phase alternating current output by a main generator is input at the front stage of the rectification module, direct current rectified by the rectification module is connected with the power absorption resistor, and whether the power absorption resistor is put into use or not is controlled by utilizing the on/off of the IGBT.
The software algorithm part adopts the mixed programming of assembly language and C language, and is compiled and debugged under DSP Code Composer of TI. The algorithm firstly samples the three-phase voltage effective value output by the main generator, carries out calibration and filtering treatment in advance in a program, and combines the three-phase voltage effective value with a set voltage threshold value U2And (3) comparison: the voltage is higher than U2When the sampling voltage is higher than the set voltage threshold value U, the DSP outputs a voltage regulation prohibition signal and a demagnetization input signal to the voltage controller, and after a period of time delay, whether the sampling voltage is higher than the set voltage threshold value U or not is judged1If the voltage is higher than the working voltage, the DSP outputs a de-excitation turn-off signal, and simultaneously the DSP outputs a PWM control signal adaptive to the working condition of the current voltage until the voltage is inhibited and stably transits to the steady-state working voltage, and if the voltage is lower than the working voltage U, the DSP outputs a PWM control signal adaptive to the working condition of the current voltage until the voltage is inhibited and transits to the steady-state working voltage1Turning off the magnetic signal and releasing the voltage regulation inhibiting signal; voltage lower than U2And meanwhile, the DSP outputs a PWM control signal adaptive to the current voltage working condition until the voltage is restrained and stably transits to the steady-state working voltage.
The specific steps of the whole system software algorithm are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: initializing a system state, a peripheral register and variables;
step two: starting CPU interruption;
step three: and entering a main circulation program, communicating with the power supply system processor in real time, and transmitting the current system state information.
After the CPU interrupt service is entered, the suppression method provided by the invention is adopted:
step 1: firstly, AD sampling of the effective value of three-phase alternating voltage output by a main generator in a three-level synchronous generator is carried out, and then a calibration algorithm formulated according to a DSP internal reference source is utilized to calibrate the sampling value for further eliminatingEliminating interference, processing the sampled and calibrated signals by using an average filtering algorithm, and calculating the effective value U (of the current main generator output voltage)
Figure BDA0001873165240000061
Wherein Ud is the voltage value after sampling, calibration and filtering, and Du is the conversion ratio of the actual voltage to the sampling voltage);
step 2: the effective value U of the current output voltage of the main generator and the set voltage threshold value U are compared2And voltage threshold U1Making a logical decision wherein U1＜U2：
If U is more than or equal to U2The DSP outputs a voltage regulation inhibiting signal and a de-excitation input signal and sets a time delay time Tdelay(the set delay time should ensure that the effective value of the voltage U < U after the delay time is reached2) When the delay time is reached, judging and comparing the current main generator output voltage effective value U with the set voltage threshold value U1If U is greater than or equal to U1Go to step three, if
Figure BDA0001873165240000072
Entering the step five;
if it is
Figure BDA0001873165240000071
Turning to the third step;
if it is
Figure BDA0001873165240000073
Turning to the fifth step;
and step 3: the DSP outputs a de-excitation turn-off signal, the voltage regulation inhibit signal is unchanged, and simultaneously the DSP outputs a PWM signal with a variable duty ratio according to the currently acquired effective voltage value U, wherein the duty ratio D of the PWM signal is k multiplied by U2K is a set proportionality coefficient, and R is a resistance value of the power absorption resistor;
and 4, step 4: setting a PWM register to perform PWM output according to the PWM output duty ratio, and then entering step 6;
and 5: the DSP outputs a de-excitation turn-off signal and a full-low-level PWM signal, namely, the DSP does not input a de-excitation and energy absorption loop, and simultaneously outputs a voltage regulating signal, namely, the voltage at the output end of the generator is regulated only by a voltage controller;
step 6: and (5) outputting the interrupt, and repeating the steps 1 to 5 in the next interrupt.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for suppressing transient overvoltage of a three-level synchronous generator is characterized by comprising the following steps: the transient overvoltage suppression circuit of the three-level synchronous generator is realized by a transient overvoltage suppression circuit of the three-level synchronous generator, and the transient overvoltage suppression circuit of the three-level synchronous generator comprises a three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator, an effective value calculating circuit, a DSP processing circuit, an IGBT driving circuit and an energy absorption circuit;
the input signal of the three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator is three-phase alternating-current high voltage of a main generator in the three-level synchronous generator, and a low-voltage input signal is provided for the effective value calculating circuit; the effective value calculating circuit obtains an effective value of the three-phase alternating-current low voltage after resolving, and provides an AD sampling input signal for the DSP processing circuit; the DSP processing circuit comprises a DSP chip and a peripheral circuit required for normal high-speed running and debugging of the DSP, and outputs a voltage regulation inhibiting signal, a de-excitation signal and a duty ratio variable PWM signal according to a set algorithm; the IGBT driving circuit shapes the variable duty ratio PWM signal and improves the driving capability so as to control the input or the cut-off of the power absorption resistor in the energy absorption circuit;
the step of utilizing the transient overvoltage suppression circuit of the three-level synchronous generator to realize voltage suppression comprises the following steps:
step 1: AD sampling is carried out on the effective value of the three-phase alternating voltage output by a main generator in the three-level synchronous generator, and the effective value U of the current output voltage of the main generator is obtained;
step 2: will be sent out at presentEffective value U of output voltage of motor and set voltage threshold value U2And voltage threshold U1Making a logical decision wherein U1＜U2：
If U is more than or equal to U2The DSP outputs a voltage regulation inhibiting signal and a de-excitation input signal and sets a time delay time TdelayWhen the delay time is reached, the effective value U of the current output voltage of the main generator and the set voltage threshold value U are judged1The magnitude relationship of (e.g. U ≧ U)1Entering step three, if U < U1Entering the step five; wherein the time delay TdelayShould be set to ensure that the effective value of the voltage U < U after the delay time is reached2；
If it is
Figure FDA0003178760490000011
Turning to the third step;
if it is
Figure FDA0003178760490000012
Turning to the fifth step;
and step 3: the DSP outputs a de-excitation turn-off signal, the voltage regulation inhibit signal is unchanged, and simultaneously the DSP outputs a PWM signal with a variable duty ratio according to the currently acquired effective voltage value U, wherein the duty ratio D of the PWM signal is k multiplied by U2K is a set proportionality coefficient, and R is a resistance value of the power absorption resistor;
and 4, step 4: setting a PWM register to perform PWM output according to the duty ratio of the PWM signal obtained in the step 3, and then entering a step 6;
and 5: the DSP outputs a de-excitation turn-off signal and a full-low-level PWM signal without inputting an energy absorption loop, and simultaneously outputs a voltage regulating signal which only depends on a voltage controller to regulate the voltage of the output end of the generator;
step 6: and (5) repeating the steps 1 to 5.
2. The method for transient overvoltage suppression of a three-stage synchronous generator according to claim 1, wherein: the energy absorption circuit comprises a power absorption resistor, a full-bridge rectification module and an IGBT; the front-stage input of the full-bridge rectifier module is three-phase alternating current output by the main generator, direct current rectified by the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with the power absorption resistor, and the on-off of the IGBT is utilized to control whether the power absorption resistor is put into use.
3. The method for transient overvoltage suppression of a three-stage synchronous generator according to claim 2, wherein: the IGBT driving circuit carries out shaping filtering on the PWM signal output by the DSP processing circuit, and then the driving capability is improved by utilizing an amplification link.
4. The method for transient overvoltage suppression of a three-stage synchronous generator according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the three-phase voltage sampling circuit of the generator carries out resistance voltage division and capacitance frequency compensation on three-phase alternating current high voltage of a main generator in the input three-stage synchronous generator, and outputs three-phase alternating current low voltage.
5. The method for transient overvoltage suppression of a three-stage synchronous generator according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, AD sampling of the three-phase alternating voltage effective value output by a main generator in the three-level synchronous generator is carried out, then a sampling value is calibrated by utilizing a calibration algorithm formulated according to a DSP internal reference source, a signal after sampling calibration is processed by using a mean filtering algorithm, and the current main generator output voltage effective value U is calculated
Figure FDA0003178760490000021
Wherein Ud is the voltage value after sampling, calibration and filtering, and Du is the conversion ratio of the actual voltage to the sampling voltage.
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