CN109193923A - A kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device - Google Patents
A kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109193923A CN109193923A CN201811253161.6A CN201811253161A CN109193923A CN 109193923 A CN109193923 A CN 109193923A CN 201811253161 A CN201811253161 A CN 201811253161A CN 109193923 A CN109193923 A CN 109193923A
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- Prior art keywords
- elevator
- energy
- storage units
- low
- power source
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
Abstract
This application discloses a kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source devices, to solve the safety accident that elevator power supply source rapid drawdown or power-off are caused.The device includes energy-storage units, DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit, isolated location, control unit; wherein energy-storage units store energy; backup power source when rapid drawdown or power-off occur for elevator power supply source as elevator device, and notify elevator control system to realize elevator soft stop function when confirming power failure；DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit realizes the two-way flow of energy-storage units energy, i.e. realization energy-storage units charging/discharging function；Isolated location is for being isolated elevator low-voltage crossing power supply and elevator frequency converter bus, and influence when preventing elevator frequency converter or elevator low-voltage crossing power supply short circuit or failure to another one makes failure propagation；Control unit can control the elevator low-voltage ride-through power source course of work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to elevator power supply source fields, more particularly to a kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device.
Background technique
Elevator generally by inverter supply, and generally use dual power supply, and using automatic switching control equipment (ATS) into
Row double loop power supply automatically switches, and frequency converter is made of the part such as diode rectifier bridge, direct-current unloading circuit, inverter circuit.Also match
There is brake-shoe brake device, it can be with emergency braking when driving occurs.
When power cut-off all the way, it is switched to another way power supply through ATS, but ATS switching time is in second grade.When unloaded uplink
Or when heavy duty downlink, inverter works in regenerative braking state, and feedback electric energy, which is consumed by direct current electric power generation unloading resistance.
There is patent application and there is producer to have developed feeding braking device, there are two types of types for this kind of device: one is feedback energy
Amount is transmitted back to power grid, is stored one is feedback energy by energy storage device and is discharged again in energy consumption of elevator.
Feedback energy is transmitted back to power grid mode, exchanges side through inverter and is connected to three-phase AC grid, DC side is connected to
The DC bus end of elevator frequency converter, when judgement has feedback energy, then feedback energy inversion to power grid, to realize section
Can, such as patent " a kind of elevator energy feedback device CN201220106528.3 ", patent be " a kind of based on lift energy feedback
Energy saver CN201520202110.6 " etc..
Feedback energy is stored in battery or capacitor through DC converter by energy storage device storage mode, by feedback energy
Device, and discharge when band carries, realize that energy recycles.Such as patent " elevator braking energy feedback and control based on super capacitor
System CN201110414092.4 processed ", patent " the energy back feed device CN201710850437.8 of elevator " etc..
These energy back feed devices application after there are the problem of: first is that the mode that feedback energy is sent to power grid forms power grid
Secondary pollution, power grid are not intended to this feedback；Second is that when power grid exception, since ATS actuation time is long, elevator frequency converter meeting
All standing and cause accident, such device not can solve this problem.
Also have patent propose reply elevator emergency stop solution, as patent " elevator is saved automatically and energy saver, with
And super capacitor module CN201520595650.5 " propose a kind of method that elevator is saved automatically when elevator powers off, side
Case is to select AC power source of the DC-AC inverter as elevator control system when network voltage power-off, then by straight
Stream-DC converter transmission supercapacitor electric energy gives motor-driven DC bus, due to increasing DC-AC inversion
The device link program implements complex, and how to guarantee that inversion is only a problem to elevator supply；Patent " elevator section
Can be with emergency flight control system CN201520770885.3 " provide a kind of elevator energy-saving and emergency flight control for taking into account energy conservation with emergency
System, but the design scheme powers off elevator when entering emergency rating, how battery and supercapacitor are elevator device confession
Electricity is not designed the Capacity Selection of super capacitor and battery without illustrating specific control flow；Patent is " a kind of
The integrated apparatus CN201711406372.4 of tool energy feedback and power failure emergency function " propose it is a kind of have energy feedback and
The integrated apparatus of power failure emergency function passes through energy back feed device (DC/AC) to elevator by battery when grid cut-off
System power supply makes system become complicated, equally how to accomplish only to elevator variable frequency due to increasing energy back feed device (DC/AC)
Device power supply is also a problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the safety problem for solving elevator power supply source voltage dip or power cut-off and bringing elevator emergency stop,
Devise a kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device.
Wherein, the energy-storage units are connect with DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit, the DC-DC (DC-DC)
Converter unit is connect with isolated location, and the isolated location is connect with elevator frequency converter DC bus.
The present invention provides a kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device, comprising: energy-storage units, DC-DC (DC-DC) become
Change unit, isolated location, control unit.
The energy-storage units can be made of battery or capacitor, and function is storage electric energy for elevator power supply voltage dip
Or it is used when power-off；When elevator power supply source is normal, energy-storage units maintain 50 or so percent rating load capacitance, with
Guarantee that energy storage can be met the requirements when needing to be charged and discharged；When elevator power supply source rapid drawdown or power-off, by energy storage electricity
It discharges to elevator frequency converter DC bus in source；Charge mode is worked in when there is feedback energy is stored into energy-storage units.
DC-DC (DC-DC) the converter unit topological structure has H bridge DC-DC (DC-DC) converter, isolation
DC-DC (DC-DC) converter, Buck-Boost Half-bridge DC-DC (DC-DC) converter etc..It can be according to energy storage list
First voltage, elevator power grade select proper topologies structure.
The isolated location is constituted by bidirectional thyristor or by the two-way switch of full-controlled device differential concatenation, and function is,
DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit is kept apart with elevator frequency converter bus.If it is single that DC-DC (DC-DC) transformation occurs
When member or elevator frequency converter DC bus short trouble, it is unlikely to influence another unit module, it can be to avoid failure propagation.
Described control unit is mainly made of microcontroller, sampling module, input and output module etc..Pass through sampling frequency converter
The data such as DC bus-bar voltage, energy-storage units voltage and current, and by the control algolithm of design, judge that elevator power supply source is
No generation voltage dip or power-off.When elevator power supply source is normal, control elevator frequency converter DC bus-bar voltage is straight through direct current-
Stream (DC-DC) converter unit to energy-storage units charge and discharge and makes it maintain certain electricity；When elevator power supply source voltage dip
Or when power-off, control DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit discharges to frequency changer direct current bus, and issues lift fault signal,
Elevator is set to pass through own control systems to realize elevator soft stop process.But if only short time voltage temporarily drops or ATS is switched to
It, then will not reporting fault when another way makes inverter supply restore normal.If control unit judges that feedback energy occurs in elevator
When, then it controls DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit and charges to energy-storage units.
The embodiment of the present invention also has self-checking function, and whether daily timing self-check elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device
Normally, if when self-test notes abnormalities, low-voltage ride-through power source fault-signal is issued to overhaul in time.
The present invention provides a kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device, when elevator is powered by double loop power supply, if all the way
When power collapse, and another way power supply is normal, then the elevator low-voltage crossing maintaining work with power source time is another to being switched to by ATS
Until middle power supply success, the working time, required stored energy capacitance was substantially reduced only in second grade.But from engineering design angle, to energy storage
The calculating of capacity, it should which, when power collapse occurs, elevator low-voltage crossing power supply starts to discharge, and is receiving abnormity of power supply to elevator
Signal and take soft stop operate at the end of, elevator low-voltage crossing power supply can stop working, the time should minute grade.Pass through
Dynamic regulation of the device itself to DC bus-bar voltage, it can be determined that whether AC power source restores normal.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit in one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of control sequential figure of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source of one embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the elevator low-voltage crossing power device structure figure designed according to the present invention, which includes energy-storage units
101, DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit 102, isolated location 103, control unit 104.
Further include that simplifying for elevator device constitutes schematic diagram, switches (ATS) unit 106, elevator control including dual power supply
System 107 processed, frequency converter unit 108.Wherein frequency converter unit by diode rectifier bridge, DC bus 105, discharging circuit 109,
Inverter composition.ID1 indicates that inverter direct-flow side electric current, UD1 indicate frequency changer direct current bus voltage.
Wherein, the energy-storage units 101 are connect with DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit 102, the DC-DC
(DC-DC) converter unit 102 is connect with isolated location 103, and the isolated location 103 connects with elevator frequency converter DC bus 105
It connects.
The embodiment of the present invention is 15kW with rated power, and the elevator device of rated current 23A, voltage rating 380V are object
It is designed；Being computed frequency changer direct current bus average voltage is about 515V.
Energy-storage units 101, the embodiment of the present invention use ultracapacitor energy storage, ultracapacitor energy storage and batteries to store energy
It compares, ultracapacitor energy storage is more safe and reliable.The foundation of the specification selection of supercapacitor is: when elevator is by double loop power supply
When power supply, if all the way slump when, and another way power supply is normal, then the elevator is low wears the maintaining work with power source time and arrive
Until ATS switching 106 to another way power supply success, the working time, required stored energy capacitance was smaller only in second grade.But it is set from engineering
Count angle, the calculating to stored energy capacitance, it should which, when slump occurs, elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device starts to put
Electricity, to elevator at the end of receiving abnormity of power supply signal and soft stop is taken to operate, elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device can stop
It only works, which should be set to the time one minute in minute grade, this programme design.By nominal load power 15kW,
One minutes elevator needs to consume electric energy 0.25kWh.
Ultracapacitor energy storage formula are as follows:
In formula, C indicates super capacitor value, U1Indicate supercapacitor maximum charging voltage, U2Indicate that supercapacitor is minimum
Discharge voltage.The general practical energy storage of electricity container and specified energy storage percentage indicate capacitor state-of-charge, with symbol SOC table
Show.
If U1To 800V, U2Take 300V, be computed, take capacitor be 4F when, 0.3kWh electric energy can be stored.
DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit 102 uses Buck-Boost half-bridge topology in the embodiment of the present invention,
It can be described as half-bridge chopper, realize the energy exchange of the supercapacitor and frequency changer direct current bus voltage in energy-storage units, lead to
Crossing half-bridge chopper unit may be implemented frequency changer direct current bus to capacitor to determine capacitance voltage or determine the control of capacitance current
Mode charges, and supercapacitor also may be implemented by half-bridge chopper unit and determine frequency changer direct current bus voltage system electric discharge.
Its structure is as shown in Fig. 2, wherein UiIndicating that frequency changer direct current bus voltage, Uo indicate ultracapacitor voltage, L indicates inductance,
VT1, VT2 are wholly-controled device IGBT, and VD1, VD2 are freewheeling diode, and trigger signal 1,2 is the triggering letter of controller output
Number.In supercapacitor charging process, VT1, VD2 work, VT2, VD1 are in off-state, and the DC-DC (DC-DC) transformation is single
Member is a Buck converter, Uo and UiMeet formula 1-2 relationship, D in formula 1-21Indicate the duty ratio of trigger signal 1；
U0=D1Ui 1-2
In supercapacitor discharge process, VT2, VD1 work, VT1, VD2 are in off-state, which becomes
Changing unit is a Boost, Uo and UiMeet formula 1-3 relationship, D in formula 1-32Indicate the duty ratio of trigger signal 2.
Isolated location 103 uses bidirectional thyristor module in the embodiment of the present invention, when elevator low-voltage crossing power supply is in standby
Used time, or when elevator low-voltage crossing power supply or frequency changer direct current bus generation short trouble, bidirectional thyristor is off
State.
Control unit 104 in the embodiment of the present invention is by sampling frequency changer direct current bus voltage, according to difference
Operating condition execute different control strategies.Fig. 3 is shown under different operating conditions, with timing diagram describe controller implementation strategy and
Elevator low-voltage ride-through power source working condition.Abscissa is the time in figure, and ordinate is followed successively by present apparatus output from top to bottom
Fault-signal, frequency changer direct current bus electric current ID1, frequency changer direct current bus voltage UD1, charging current ID2, super capacitor SOC.
Stage 1 shown in Fig. 3 is that normally band carries situation to elevator.When normal band carries, frequency changer direct current bus voltage generally exists
510V or so, frequency changer direct current bus electric current ID1 is positive at this time, indicates to power to the load, amplitude is related with payload size.Become
Frequency device DC bus-bar voltage UD1 is about 510V, and charging current 0 indicates that half-bridge chopper is in standby, and capacitor is charged
Capacity is about the 50% of rated capacity.Alarm signal is 0 expression alarm free.
Stage 2 shown in Fig. 3 is the lift energy feedback stage.Lift energy feedback generation is in the elevator no-load uplink stage or again
Descending phase is carried, may determine that whether elevator is in the energy feedback stage by controller.Feedback energy is through half-bridge chopper
Unit charges to capacitor, and DC bus current ID1 becomes negative value at this time, and DC bus-bar voltage UD1 has pump and rises, and the electricity that charges
Stream ID 2, which becomes negative, indicates charging, and the charged capacity SOC of capacitor increases.Alarm signal is 0 expression alarm free.
Stage 3 shown in Fig. 3 is that elevator restores normally with the stage of load, and capacitor charging complete simultaneously keeps higher charged appearance
Amount, frequency changer direct current bus electric current ID1 becomes just again during this, and frequency changer direct current bus voltage UD1 is about 510V, charging electricity
Stream ID 2 is 0.Alarm signal is 0 expression alarm free.
Stage 4 shown in Fig. 3 is that low-voltage crossing corona discharge restores the stored energy capacitance stage, and controller controls capacitor to frequency conversion
Device DC bus electric discharge, so that capacitor stored energy capacitance be made to restore 50% or so of rated capacity.This course direct bus current
ID1 is still positive, DC bus-bar voltage UD1 about 510V or so, and charging current ID2 becomes just indicating electric discharge, and SOC is gradually decreased, arrived
50% or so stops electric discharge.
Stage 5 shown in Fig. 3 is that elevator power supply source starts rapid drawdown operating condition occur, when Voltage Drop occurs in controller judgement
When, control half-bridge chopper discharges and maintains frequency changer direct current bus to safety value.This phase duration is very short, it is unlikely because
Voltage Drop causes frequency converter to be shut down.
If the stage 6 shown in Fig. 3, which judges that power supply falls for controller, continues to that the t1 time is normal not yet, extremely by alarm signal
Height sends out alarm signal to elevator control unit, and continues electric discharge and maintain frequency changer direct current bus voltage in safe range；If at this
During a, controller judges that supply voltage restores normal, then returns to the stage 1, stop working.
While stage 7 shown in Fig. 3 is that controller sends out alarm signal to elevator control unit, continues electric discharge and maintain frequency converter
DC bus-bar voltage continues to time t2 in safe range, and low-voltage ride-through power source device stops working.
Stage 8 shown in Fig. 3 is that elevator supply voltage does not restore normal and has been achieved with soft stop.
The embodiment of the present invention also achieves a kind of function of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device day self-test.Process of self-test
Are as follows: when self-test condition has, controlling frequency changer direct current bus voltage by controller is 520V, that is, is higher than normal voltage value,
Capacitor discharges to frequency changer direct current bus at this time, if frequency changer direct current bus voltage keeps 520V constant in 30 seconds, table
Show discharge process normal operation；Then frequency changer direct current bus charges to capacitor, then capacitor stored energy capacitance is restored to volume
50% or so of constant volume then illustrates charging process normal operation；Illustrate this electricity if discharge process and charging process are normal
Terraced low-voltage ride-through power source device normal operation, otherwise alarm signal is to elevator control system 107 and elevator does not rerun for hair, is
The operation maintenance personnel system failure is reminded by buzzer or alarm lamp after failure of uniting.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments in the case where not departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiment of the present invention.Therefore,
The embodiment of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and be to fit to principles disclosed herein and
The consistent widest scope of features of novelty.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device characterized by comprising
Totally four parts form for energy-storage units, DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit, isolated location, control unit；
Wherein, the energy-storage units are connect with DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit, DC-DC (DC-DC) transformation
Unit is connect with isolated location, and the isolated location is connect with elevator frequency converter DC bus.
2. elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the energy-storage units can be by electricity
Pond or capacitor are constituted.
3. elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the function of the energy-storage units
It is used for storage electric energy for elevator power supply rapid drawdown or when powering off；When elevator power supply source is normal, energy-storage units maintain percentage
50 charged capacity；When elevator power supply source rapid drawdown or power-off, from accumulation power supply to elevator frequency converter DC bus
Electric discharge.
4. elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the function of the energy-storage units
In, when elevator motor generates feedback energy, DC-DC (DC-DC) converter works in charged state, fills to energy-storage units
Electricity.
5. elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the function of the energy-storage units
In, it when elevator power supply source is normal, can discharge when the charged capacity of energy-storage units is greater than 50 percent, until charged capacity reaches
To 50 or so percent.
6. elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the DC-DC (DC-
DC) converter unit topological structure have H bridge DC-DC (DC-DC) converter, isolated DC-DC (DC-DC) converter,
Buck-Boost Half-bridge DC-DC (DC-DC) converter.
7. elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the isolated location is by two-way
Thyristor or full-controlled device are reversely connected in series to form, and function is, by DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit and elevator frequency converter
DC bus is kept apart, if DC-DC (DC-DC) converter unit or elevator frequency converter DC bus short trouble occurs,
It is unlikely to influence another unit module, it can be to avoid failure propagation.
8. elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that have self-checking function, daily
Whether timing self-check elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device is normal, if noting abnormalities when self-test, issues low voltage crossing
Power failure signal to overhaul in time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811253161.6A CN109193923A (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | A kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811253161.6A CN109193923A (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | A kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109193923A true CN109193923A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811253161.6A Pending CN109193923A (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | A kind of elevator low-voltage ride-through power source device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111847158A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 合肥天浦硕能电子科技有限公司 | Elevator energy feedback device for Internet of things protocol transparent transmission super capacitor energy storage |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111847158A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 合肥天浦硕能电子科技有限公司 | Elevator energy feedback device for Internet of things protocol transparent transmission super capacitor energy storage |
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