CN109188152A - Method for detecting common-mode disturbance of grounding circuit - Google Patents
Method for detecting common-mode disturbance of grounding circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109188152A CN109188152A CN201811195506.7A CN201811195506A CN109188152A CN 109188152 A CN109188152 A CN 109188152A CN 201811195506 A CN201811195506 A CN 201811195506A CN 109188152 A CN109188152 A CN 109188152A
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- test
- grounding
- earth
- disturbance
- wrecking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/001—Measuring interference from external sources to, or emission from, the device under test, e.g. EMC, EMI, EMP or ESD testing
- G01R31/002—Measuring interference from external sources to, or emission from, the device under test, e.g. EMC, EMI, EMP or ESD testing where the device under test is an electronic circuit
Abstract
The method for detecting the common-mode disturbance of the grounding circuit adopts time domain analysis combined with frequency domain analysis, and realizes the purpose of definitely judging the disturbance condition of the equipment or the system in the grounding circuit by testing the disturbance of the grounding circuit between any two grounding points and covering 0Hz to 150KHz, and is finally used for supporting the selection and the confirmation of the grounding points with electromagnetic compatibility. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring parameter characteristics of a detection target system or equipment, including a normal working electrical parameter range and a sensitive frequency range of a sensitive component, a transmitting frequency range and an alternative equipotential grounding point; the testing stage comprises a time domain test and a frequency domain test, and disturbance signals in a required frequency range are obtained through the time domain test and the frequency domain test; and an analysis stage, wherein the electromagnetic interference risk is analyzed and judged, and whether the grounding loop has conducted disturbance or not and disturbance intensity corresponding to different disturbance frequencies are judged so as to select the grounding point supporting electromagnetic compatibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is based on time-domain and frequency-domain signal detection means to carry out electromagnetic compatibility ground connection to electrical equipment and integrated system
Analytical judgment method, belong to electronic and electrical field.
Background technique
With the fast development of technology of track traffic, the type and function of electrical equipment are more and more, correspondingly equipment pair
Protective grounding is especially paid attention to, but the design of existing protective grounding is relatively simple with airworthiness compliance and does not meet skill now
Art innovation calls.
Grounding design is a complicated concept, be compatible with protecting field, functionally, Electro Magnetic Compatibility ground connection etc. designs reason
It reads.It is common, Electro Magnetic Compatibility ground connection be most abstract, and actual design and production in, usually with protective grounding public one
A ground line, it is often ignored to the selection of grounding point, or grounding point is rule of thumb selected, actual earthing effect, very
Difficulty goes to correct.For the functionally design for realizing product, the N line of AC power cord, the negative wire of direct current supply line are usually directly connect
Ground or series resistance ground connection, inevitably introduce earth-return circuit for the electromagnetic disturbance of performance loop.
Currently, selecting the grounding point of electromagnetic compatibility ground connection, the essence of technical requirements is all according to circuit minimum impedance
Principle establish.This principle no problem itself, but the impedance characteristic under different frequency is often ignored in practice.And
And due to gap in integrated system perhaps integrated equipment or because metallic bone is discontinuous, even only judging some
Relatively accurate minimum direct current impedance path, is also difficult between earth-return circuit or the two o'clock of ground connection equipotential connection.Portion
Branch trade standard, such as GB4824-2013 " industry, science and medical (ISM) radio-frequency apparatus electromagnetic disturbance characteristic limit value and measurement
Method ", the conduction of GB9254-2008 " the radio disturbance limit value and measurement method of Information Technology Equipment " 9KHz-150KHz disturbs
Limit value is disturbed to be not explicitly defined.Conduction interference before 9KHz is also not to be related to the harmonic emissions of the performance loop of circuit over the ground
It is defined, this status causes part low frequency band to harass the vacancy of test over the ground.
In view of this, special propose present patent application.
Summary of the invention
The detection method of earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking of the present invention, is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art
And propose a kind of new means of testing, time-domain analysis combination frequency-domain analysis is taken, by testing between any two grounding point,
The earth-return circuit harassing and wrecking for covering 0Hz to 150KHz, clearly judge equipment or system in the harassing and wrecking of this earth-return circuit to realize
Situation, and eventually for the selection and confirmation for supporting electromagnetic compatibility grounding point.
To realize above-mentioned purpose of design, the detection method of the earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking, mainly includes following hold
Row step:
Investigation phase obtains the parameter attribute of detection goal systems or equipment, the normal work including sensitive components
Electric parameter range and sensitive frequency range, tranmitting frequency range and alternative equipotential grounding point;
Test phase, including waving map and frequency domain test, frequency model needed for being obtained by waving map and frequency domain test
The harassing and wrecking signal enclosed;Waving map equipment used is oscillograph or same time-domain signal test device, frequency domain test equipment are
Spectrum analyzer or the oscillograph for having Fourier analysis function;The intensity for having frequency characteristic earthing test value is obtained to realize
It takes and is obtained with spectral characteristic, the low impedance characteristic under different frequency characteristic condition is judged with this;
Analysis phase, by test phase obtain harassing and wrecking signal data, judge earth-return circuit whether have conduction interference,
The corresponding harassing and wrecking intensity of difference harassing and wrecking frequency, the parameter attribute of the goal systems or equipment that are obtained in conjunction with the investigation phase, analysis
And judge electromagnetic interference risk, and the grounding point to select support electromagnetic compatibility.
Basic design scheme as above, means of testing include two parts of waving map and frequency domain test.Wherein, time domain is surveyed
The time domain waveform that examination obtains is mainly used for the judgement whether tested circuit has obvious electromagnetic disturbance;The frequency domain that frequency domain test obtains
Waveform is for making a concrete analysis of the corresponding harassing and wrecking intensity of different harassing and wrecking frequencies.
Further refinement is the test phase with preferred embodiment, tests two differences in same earth-return circuit and connects
Electromagnetic disturbance between place.
The main distinction point of i.e. herein described test method and traditional test means is connect by test different two
Electromagnetic disturbance between place, to judge the electromagnetic disturbance frequency spectrum and intensity of earth-return circuit.
The technical solution more optimized is, for the test between two grounding points, to detect earth-return circuit voltage characteristic
When electromagnetic disturbance, use probe for the test fixture of probe and ground connection clamping structure.
Generally, voltage probe can be installed by spectrum analyzer, sets certain frequency spectrum, probe connects grounding point
A bit, earth clip connects the second point of grounding point, tests out the electromagnetic disturbance intensity of the voltage characteristic under this frequency spectrum.
Alternatively, voltage probe can also be installed by oscillograph, probe connects a bit of grounding point, earth clip connection ground connection
Point second point, test out the time domain waveform intensity under time period, judge earth-return circuit whether have potential difference and periodically
Or the harassing and wrecking waveform of transient state, while the frequency-domain analysis software that can be carried by oscillograph carries out Fourier analysis;
The electricity of earth-return circuit current characteristic is detected for the test between two grounding points based on identical design concept
When magnetic is harassed, use probe for the test fixture of cyclic structure.
By the test of earth wire, current probe can be installed by spectrum analyzer, set certain frequency spectrum, electric current
Ring blocks ground line, tests out the electromagnetic disturbance intensity of the current characteristics under this frequency spectrum.Alternatively, can also be installed by oscillograph
Current probe tests out the time domain waveform intensity under time period, and it is periodic or transient state to judge whether earth-return circuit has
Current impulse, while the frequency-domain analysis software that can be carried by oscillograph carries out Fourier analysis.
The detection method of to sum up content, herein described earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking has the advantage, that
1, this application involves the test and analysis method of a kind of judgement earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking, it is suitable for equipment and system
Rank, or even the common mode ground connection harassing and wrecking judgement and confirmation of large-scale integrated system.It can be by oscillograph and frequency spectrum by this method
The test equipments such as analyzer, can clearly judge whether earth-return circuit has conduction interference, harassing and wrecking frequency and corresponding harassing and wrecking strong
Degree, can also by analyzing the test data that this method obtains, for support electromagnetic compatibility grounding point selection and really
Recognize.
2, be applicable in frequency range it is wide, as long as test equipment validity test range allow, since 0Hz can also test.
3, detection mode is the means of testing for conducted emission, and test frequency range is different from the test of radiation-emitting.It is relatively suitable
There is the large-scale integrated system obviously harassed for metal shell and earth-return circuit, facilitates and select connecing for low electromagnetic disturbance risk
Place.
4, the design verification means of time domain and frequancy signal anaysis, method safety, simple and direct, strong operability are combined.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is detection process schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the ground connection schematic diagram of integrated system;
Fig. 3 is oscillograph voltage probe schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the harassing and wrecking waveform diagram of time-domain signal;
Fig. 5 is the frequecy characteristic figure of the frequency-region signal of the first grounding point;
Fig. 6 is the frequecy characteristic figure of the frequency-region signal of the second grounding point;
Fig. 7 is that spectrum analyzer connects voltage probe acquisition frequency-region signal schematic diagram;
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the electronic equipment 1 of sensitive features emits the electronic equipment 2 of feature, the public affairs of integrated system
Grounding point 3, the first grounding point 4, the second grounding point 5 emit the electronic equipment grounding point 6 of feature, CRO coupling 7, oscillography altogether
Device is grounded crocodile clip 8, and the horizontal axis 9 of time is represented in Fig. 4, the vertical pivot 10 of representation signal harassing and wrecking intensity in Fig. 4, in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
The harassing and wrecking signal strength 12 under different frequency is corresponded in the horizontal axis 11 of each frequecy characteristic, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, represents each frequency in Fig. 7
The horizontal axis 13 of feature, the voltage represented in Fig. 7 under corresponding different frequency harass amplitude 14.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the detection method of the earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking, includes step performed below:
Investigation phase obtains the parameter attribute of detection goal systems or equipment, the normal work including sensitive components
Electric parameter range and sensitive frequency range, tranmitting frequency range and alternative equipotential grounding point;In the investigation phase, should adjust
It looks into the stage to investigate by the parameter to goal systems or equipment, confirmation and clear relevant typical susceptible frequency, typical emission
Frequency, device structure, possible equipotential ground connection, sensitive components work normally the correlative factors such as electric parameter.As subsequent
The technical support of analysis phase electromagnetic compatibility risk judgment.
Test phase, including waving map and frequency domain test, frequency model needed for being obtained by waving map and frequency domain test
The harassing and wrecking signal enclosed;Waving map equipment used is oscillograph or same time-domain signal test device, frequency domain test equipment are
Spectrum analyzer or the oscillograph for having Fourier analysis function;
Analysis phase, by test phase obtain harassing and wrecking signal data, judge earth-return circuit whether have conduction interference,
The corresponding harassing and wrecking intensity of difference harassing and wrecking frequency, the parameter attribute of the goal systems or equipment that are obtained in conjunction with the investigation phase, analysis
And judge electromagnetic interference risk, and the grounding point to select support electromagnetic compatibility;
Rectification optimization confirmation stage, is usually the design optimization thought to have electromagnetic compatibility risk and re-started, to this rank
The test of section, should retest according to testing procedure before, and the test data of acquisition compares the data before rectification optimization,
It is whether proper to judge to rectify and improve effect or rectify and improve direction with this, while electromagnetic interference risk is carried out according to the restriction of investigation phase
Analysis.If still thinking that electromagnetic interference risk is high, this step will be repeated, until thinking that electromagnetic interference risk is low or dry without electromagnetism
Until disturbing risk.
It is tested using oscillograph and voltage probe, in the system integration as shown in Figure 2, is investigated by parameter, recognized
The electronic equipment 1 of sensitive features is the harassing and wrecking source for having typical emission frequecy characteristic, and the electronic equipment 2 for emitting feature sets for sensitivity
It is standby.The typical emission frequency for confirming and understanding the electronic equipment 1 of sensitive features is 40KHz, emits the electronic equipment 2 of feature
Typical susceptible frequency is 40KHz, and device structure forms equipotential mechanism body for steel construction cabinet, using welded connecting, inside has
5V sense voltage chip, rated operational voltage range are 3.3VDC-6.7VDC (5 ± 1.7VDC), and this 5V sense voltage chip
There is grounding pin.Such equipment belong to industry science doctor class equipment, Emission Limits should meet GB4824-2013 " industry, science and
Medical (ISM) radio-frequency apparatus electromagnetic disturbance characteristic limit value and measurement method ", that is, without disturbance voltage limit value before 150KHz
It is required that but this test can refer to the maximum quasi-peak value 110dBuV that 9KHz-50KHz as defined in table 8 in GB4824-2013 is required and (change
Being counted as level value is about 0.32V) it is defined.
Using the principle being grounded nearby outside cabinet, the common ground point 3 of integrated system is confirmed.
And according to DC impedance method, there are two possible low-impedance electromagnetic compatibility ground connection for the electronic equipment 1 of sensitive features
Point, i.e. the first grounding point 4, the second grounding point 5.
Since the tranmitting frequency of the electronic equipment 2 of 1 pair of electronic equipment transmitting feature of sensitive features is sensitive, then cope with quick
The electronic equipment grounding point for feeling the electronic equipment 1 of feature is reasonably selected, and makes to emit caused by the electronic equipment 2 of feature
Annoying noise is easily discharged into the common ground point 3 of integrated system as far as possible over the ground, and does not seal in sensitive features as far as possible
Electronic equipment 1.
As shown in figure 3, using above-mentioned detection method, using the common ground point 3 of voltage probe test integrated system, hair
The electronic equipment grounding point 6 of feature is penetrated, the frequency spectrum and its harassing and wrecking intensity of transmitting source path are obtained.Then, sensitive features are obtained
Electronic equipment 1 respectively connects the public of integrated system in different grounding point, i.e. the first grounding point 4 and the second grounding point 5
Frequency spectrum and its harassing and wrecking intensity on place 3, grounding path;Contrast test waveform selects the electronic equipment 1 of sensitive features at it
By the lesser grounding point of emission source path effects under sensitive frequency, and judge whether there is electromagnetic interference risk.
When specifically, using the oscillograph with Fourier function, the electronic equipment of the connection transmitting feature of CRO coupling 7
Grounding point 6, oscillograph are grounded the common ground point 3 that crocodile clip 8 connects integrated system.It can get time domain harassing and wrecking as shown in Figure 4
Waveform diagram.
Thus illustrate, there is apparent frequecy characteristic in earth-return circuit and harass the electromagnetic disturbance of intensity.Also illustrate this equipment
Targetedly further electromagnetic compatibility grounding design must be carried out, to prevent grounding point selection is bad from causing harassing and wrecking signal in public affairs
Running helter-skelter in altogether.
Using the Fourier analysis function of oscillograph, as shown in figure 5, the frequecy characteristic of frequency-region signal can be analyzed.
The harassing and wrecking signal strength in Fig. 4 under the resulting frequecy characteristic of measuring point and corresponding different frequency is obtained, wherein main transmitting
Frequency is 40KHz, and corresponding harassing and wrecking intensity is 7V, is much larger than 0.32V.
Using identical detection method, CRO coupling 7 connects the first grounding point 4, and oscillograph ground connection crocodile clip 8 still connects
The common ground point 3 of integrated system.If frequecy characteristic acquired in the first grounding point 4 and intensity are as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, say
The harassing and wrecking of the electronic equipment 2 of bright transmitting feature can be sealed in the electronic equipment 1 of sensitive features by the first grounding point 4, at this time
First grounding point 4 still has the harassing and wrecking intensity of nearly 7V in 40KHz, and in conjunction with the data of investigation phase before, the electronics of sensitive features is set
Standby 1 equipment is sensitive equipment, and sensitive frequency 40KHz is just identical or close as the frequency of harassing and wrecking transmitting, and inside 5V
Sense voltage chip, rated operational voltage fluctuation range is ± 1.7 VDC, and disturbance voltage amplitude can make voltage fluctuation close
7V, the entirely possible normal work that voltage chips are influenced by ground connection, so, it analyzes as " electromagnetic interference risk high ", should carry out
Electromagnetic compatibility rectification optimization, and verifying is retested to the result of rectification optimization.
If changing the grounding point of the electronic equipment 1 of sensitive features, i.e. grounding point is changed to the second grounding point 5, then oscillograph
Probe 7 connects the second grounding point 5, and oscillograph ground connection crocodile clip 8 still connects the common ground point 3 of integrated system.According to above-mentioned steps
Test is re-started, the frequecy characteristic acquired in the common ground point 3 of the second grounding point 5 and integrated system and intensity such as Fig. 6
Shown, the corresponding emission measure of sensitive frequency has larger strength retrogression, is lower than 0.2V in sensitive frequency 40KHz harassing and wrecking intensity, meets
The requirement of GB4824-2013 limit value, and voltage amplitude is also being worked normally lower than 1.7V even if sealing in voltage-sensitive pin
Within voltage range, therefore analyzing is " electromagnetic interference risk is low ", and can test terminates.
In the same manner, the frequecy characteristic of frequency-region signal can be obtained in such a way that spectrum analyzer installs voltage probe.
Such as in Fig. 2, used between the common ground point 3 of integrated system and the electronic equipment grounding point 6 of transmitting feature
Voltage probe obtains the electronic equipment 2 of transmitting feature under 9KHz-100MHz frequency, the corresponding emissive porwer of each frequency point;It protects
This test waveform is deposited as background value.Again between the first grounding point 4 shown in Fig. 2 and the common ground point 3 of integrated system,
The test that same procedure is carried out using voltage probe, can get waveform as shown in Figure 7, this waveform contains background waveform
(between the common ground point 3 of integrated system and the electronic equipment grounding point 6 for emitting feature) and current grounding point waveform (first
Between grounding point 4 and the common ground point 3 of integrated system), it can intuitively compare and find out which measuring point emits by force under corresponding frequencies
Size is spent, judges whether the earth-return circuit electromagnetic disturbance between two o'clock meets demand with this.
As described above, similar technical solution can be derived in conjunction with the plan content that attached drawing and description provide.In every case
It is the plan content without departing from structure of the invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to any part made by above description
Shape, size, the modification of connection type and mounting structure, equivalent variations and modification and each composition component locations and structure it is light
Micro-adjustment, it is all that centralising device is sealed using boot seal, tail is carried out to centralising device on the basis of existing structure
The structure of portion side sealing, still falls within the interest field of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of detection method of earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking, it is characterised in that: it include step performed below,
Investigation phase, the parameter attribute of detection goal systems or equipment is obtained, the normal work including sensitive components is electrical
Parameter area and sensitive frequency range, tranmitting frequency range and alternative equipotential grounding point;
Test phase, including waving map and frequency domain test, frequency range needed for being obtained by waving map and frequency domain test
Harass signal;Waving map equipment used is oscillograph or same time-domain signal test device, and frequency domain test equipment is frequency spectrum
Analyzer or the oscillograph for having Fourier analysis function;
Analysis phase, the harassing and wrecking signal data obtained by test phase judge whether earth-return circuit has conduction interference, difference to disturb
The corresponding harassing and wrecking intensity of scrambling rate, the parameter attribute of the goal systems or equipment that obtain in conjunction with the investigation phase, analyzes and judges
Electromagnetic interference risk, and the grounding point to select support electromagnetic compatibility.
2. the detection method of earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the test rank
Section tests the electromagnetic disturbance in same earth-return circuit between two different grounding points.
3. the detection method of earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: between two grounding points
Test, detect earth-return circuit voltage characteristic electromagnetic disturbance when, use probe be probe be grounded clamping structure test fixture.
4. the detection method of earth-return circuit common mode harassing and wrecking according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: two grounding points
Between test, detect earth-return circuit current characteristic electromagnetic disturbance when, use probe for the test fixture of cyclic structure.
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CN110749787A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-02-04 | 清华大学 | Electromagnetic disturbance testing method for direct-current power distribution transformation system |
CN111781457A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 上海擎度汽车科技有限公司 | Test system and method for EMC conduction emission of electronic product |
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Address after: No.86, Jinhong East Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Qingdao Sifang Alstom railway transportation equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.86, Jinhong East Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266111 Patentee before: BOMBARDIER SIFANG (QINGDAO) TRANSPORTATION Ltd. |