CN109187754A - The method of multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack - Google Patents
The method of multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187754A CN109187754A CN201811200008.7A CN201811200008A CN109187754A CN 109187754 A CN109187754 A CN 109187754A CN 201811200008 A CN201811200008 A CN 201811200008A CN 109187754 A CN109187754 A CN 109187754A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/341—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics
- G01N29/343—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics pulse waves, e.g. particular sequence of pulses, bursts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack, belong to field of non destructive testing.Its step are as follows: 1) signal excitation: two groups of transmitting ultrasonic transducers, single times of low frequency of first group of excitation；Second group of double high frequency of excitation；2) signal receives: second group of transmitting transducer receives signal as reception energy converter simultaneously；3) nonlinear analysis: modulating secondary lobe frequency according to sound field is ω1+ω2=3 ω1Signal behavior time reversal window function；4) signal time inverts: the time-reversal signal of interception being inverted, then by excitation signal energy converter sending time reverse signal；5) Voice segment: signal realizes focusing at micro-crack.Present invention utilizes the advantages that supersonic guide-wave propagation distance is remote and non-linear ultrasonic is highly sensitive to micro-crack, while utilizing the identification realized the characteristics of time reversal algorithm adapted local cosine transform to micro-crack；Crackle size is differentiated using non-linear ultrasonic parameter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of non destructive testing, are related to a kind of multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline
The method of micro-crack.
Background technique
For material after the effect of high temperature and pressure and long-term cyclic loading, region of stress concentration will appear micro-crack and different journeys
The micro-damage of degree.Micro-crack area and density, which are gradually increased, just will form macroscopic cracking, cause structural failure, and it is hidden to form safety
Suffer from, serious person will lead to production accident.
Supersonic damage-free detection method is widely used crack detecting method, and existing linear ultrasonic detection method is to be based on
The velocity of sound and acoustic impedance etc. realize the detection to crackle, but the range of the crack size detected is with ultrasonic wavelength in same quantity
Grade, but the size of micro-crack is generally much smaller than the wavelength of linearity test ultrasound, and the local material change of properties as caused by fine fisssure
It is very small, it is very poor that detection effect is carried out to micro-crack using linear ultrasonic.Non-linear ultrasonic is a kind of more novel detection side
The detection to fault in material micron dimension may be implemented in method, has very high sensitivity to micro-crack.
Micro-crack in pipeline is detected using non-linear ultrasonic, the method for generally adopting sound field modulation generates non-linear effect
It answers.Sound field modulator approach has the advantage that 1. to the non-linear insensitive of test macro itself, this is because being caused by damage
The non-linear form that modulation side frequency is shown as in measuring signal, and the non-linear of test macro is usually expressed as pumping signal
The form of higher hamonic wave, the two are easily distinguishable；2. modulation side frequency and ultrasonic action frequency are located in same frequency range, closed by selection
Suitable ultrasonic action frequency, sound wave can propagate larger distance in the structure, ensure that biggish monitoring range, while its is non-
Linear character in turn ensures the sensibility to damage；3. the dynamic of structural damage, quickly detection and identification may be implemented.
A wide range of, full fault of construction on-line quick detection may be implemented in supersonic guide-wave；Early stage of the non-linear ultrasonic to material
Microdefect micro-damage has very high sensitivity；Time-reversal focusing algorithm can be realized the adapted local cosine transform to the defect of material.
The respective advantage of three is played, realizes the detection to micro-crack in pipeline.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to design it is a kind of realize it is above-mentioned " play three respective advantage, realize to micro-crack in pipeline
Detection " multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack method.
Purpose to realize the present invention, present applicant proposes a kind of multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion pipelines
The micro- detection method of crackle, the application are modulated non-with the secondary lobe in the non-linear ultrasonic guided wave of material interaction generation using sound field
Linear components carry out time reversal, realize the adapted local cosine transform to micro-crack.And then obtain size and the position of crackle aggregation zone
It sets, includes the following steps:
Step 1: signal excitation
Two excitation ultrasonic transducer groups are set, and the first excitation ultrasonic transducer group is adhesive in inspection using single piezoelectric chip
The stimulating frequency of test tube road side and group excitation ultrasonic transducer is set as single times of low frequency omega1；Second excitation ultrasonic transducer
Group passes through control the second excitation ultrasonic transduction for the pipeline one week piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer array being spacedly distributed of detection is arranged in
Device group excites double high frequency torsion mode T (0,1) mode, and the frequency of the excitation of the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group is ω2And ω2
=2 ω1；
According to nonlinear characteristic, for a mixed frequency signal output displacement of input are as follows:
u(0)(x, t)=Acos (ω1t)+Bcos(ω2t) (1)
ω1, ω2The angular frequency of respectively first group of pumping signal, second group of pumping signal, A are first group of pumping signal
Amplitude, B are the amplitude of second group of pumping signal.
Step 2: signal receives
The second excitation ultrasonic transducer group both carries out the excitation of detection signal, also carries out to micro-crack reflection signal
It receives, receives energy converter as signal；
From the angle analysis of frequency, signal receives the signal u (x, t) that energy converter receives are as follows:
X is the displacement of particle vibration in material, and β is nonlinear factor, u(0)And u(1)It respectively indicates by linear and nonlinear
Caused particle vibration displacement, k1, k2It is frequency is respectively ω1, ω2Signal wave number；From frequency content, removed in above formula
ω1, ω2Fundamental wave component component except, also created 2 ω1, 2 ω2Second harmonic and ω1-ω2, ω1+ω2's
Modulate side frequency component；It is excited according to designed single frequency-doubled signal, double received thinkings of frequency-doubled signal, stimulating frequency ω2=2
ω1, formula (2) becomes:
Obtain the corresponding vibration amplitude of each order frequency component:
The amplitude of each order component is extracted from measurement component, simultaneous (4) (6) (7) can obtain:
Pass through nonlinear factorAbsolute value come principium identification micro-crack reflection
Signal power.
It is modulated by frequency multiplication sound field, 6 frequencies omegas that formula (2) occurs1, ω2, 2 ω1, 2 ω2, ω1-ω2, ω1+ω2Letter
Turn to 4 frequencies omegas1, 2 ω1, 3 ω1, 4 ω1, and 4 frequencies are ω11 frequency multiplication, 2 frequencys multiplication, 3 frequencys multiplication, the relationship of 4 frequencys multiplication.
Most importantly 3 frequency multiplication therein is ω1+ω2=3 ω1Secondary lobe branch, be the mostly important mark of sound field modulator approach,
The nonlinear factor size that micro-crack and ultrasound interaction generation are evaluated according to this side-lobe energy, is also time reversal energy
Focus signal interception mark.
Step 3: nonlinear analysis
It is ω according to non-linear modulation secondary lobe frequency1+ω2=3 ω1Signal behavior time reversal window function M*(r, ω),
Energy converter is received by the signal in step 2 to receive；
Step 4: signal time inverts
According to time reversal principle, the time-reversal signal of interception is inverted, then by the second excitation ultrasonic transducer
Group sending time reverse signal, which is the signal after being inverted the time-reversal signal of interception；
Signal receives energy converter and receives response signal F of the structure under drivingBB(r, ω), response signal FBB(r,
ω) be above-mentioned interception time-reversal signal, which can be write as:
FBB(r, ω)=M*(ω)KPA(ω)KPB(ω)G(r,ω) (9)
Wherein KPA(w), KPBIt (w) is respectively the mechanical-electric coupling of the first excitation ultrasonic transducer, the second excitation ultrasonic transducer
Coefficient, G (r, w) are the frequency response transmission function of structure；
The response signal F that energy converter receives is received to signalBB(r, ω) carry out time reversal processing, according to signal when
Frequency domain is relationship altogether often, obtains response signal FBBThe reverse signal of (r, ω):
Second excitation ultrasonic transducer group motivates the guided wave signals after time reversal processing againIt encounters
Tiny flaw reflects in pipeline.
Step 5: Voice segment
Second excitation ultrasonic transducer group motivates the guided wave signals after time reversal processing againMicro-
Cracks realize adapted local cosine transform, according to nonlinear parameter signal F after focusingBBB(r, ω) peak value further judges micro-crack
Size；
Reversion reflection detection signal is received in the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group, extracts accurate small flaw indication letter
Breath；The structural response signal F that second excitation ultrasonic transducer group receivesBBB(r, ω) are as follows:
It is real, even positive function, its Fourier transformation is in time zero
It is in-phase stacking, it follows that main peak peak value judges the size of micro-crack；
Signal after micro-crack focuses can be obtained by implementing Fourier transformation to above-mentioned signal:
Preferably, the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group includes that at least six motivates ultrasonic transducer.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention carries out sound field tune by this distinctive signal relationship of the frequency multiplication of selection signal
System, utilizes ω1+ω2=3 ω1This frequency tripling side-lobe signal is as measurement micro-crack and ultrasound non-linear interaction power
The mark of the selection signal of mark and following time reverse signal, utilizes the nonlinear factor of derivationAbsolute value come principium identification micro-crack signal power.Supersonic guide-wave can be with
Realize a wide range of, full fault of construction on-line quick detection；Non-linear ultrasonic has the early stage microdefect micro-damage of material very high
Sensitivity；Time-reversal focusing algorithm can be realized the adapted local cosine transform to the defect of material.The respective advantage of three is played, it is real
Now to the detection of micro-crack in pipeline.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present system structure chart；
Fig. 2 is step 2 received signal frequency-domain waveform schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of method of multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: signal excitation: two excitation ultrasonic transducer groups, first group is single times of low frequency, and driving frequency is
32kHz is adhesive in pipeline side using single piezoelectric chip, is A group；Second group is arranged in pipeline one week and is spacedly distributed
Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer array can control double high frequency torsion mode T (0, the 1) mode of excitation, and the frequency of excitation is 64kHz,
For B group；
According to nonlinear characteristic, for a mixed frequency signal output displacement of input are as follows:
u(0)(x, t)=Acos (ω1t)+Bcos(ω2t) (1)
ω1, ω2For angular frequency, k1, k2It is frequency is respectively ω1ω2Signal wave quantity, A be first group of pumping signal
Amplitude, B be second group of pumping signal amplitude.
Step 2: signal receives: second group of excitation ultrasound transducer array can either excitation signal, can also receive crackle
Signal is reflected, receives energy converter as signal；
From the angle analysis of frequency, signal receives the signal u (x, t) that energy converter receives are as follows:
From frequency content, in addition to ω in above formula1, ω2Fundamental wave component component except, also created 2 ω1, 2 ω2
Second harmonic and ω1-ω2, ω1+ω2Modulation side frequency component, x be material in particle displacement, β is nonlinear system
Number.
It is excited according to designed single frequency-doubled signal, double received thinkings of frequency-doubled signal, stimulating frequency ω2=2 ω1On
Formula becomes:
Obtain the corresponding vibration amplitude of each order frequency component:
The amplitude of each order component is extracted from measurement component, simultaneous (4) (6) (7) can obtain:
By multiple-frequency modulation, 6 frequency (ω that formula (2) are occurred1, ω2, 2 ω1, 2 ω2, ω1-ω2, ω1+ω2) letter
Turn to 4 frequencies (32kHz, 64kHz, 96kHz, 128kHz), and 4 frequencies are 1 frequencys multiplication of 32kHz, 2 frequencys multiplication, 3 frequencys multiplication, 4 times
The relationship of frequency.Most importantly 3 frequency multiplication therein is the secondary lobe branch of 96kHz, is the mostly important mark of sound field modulator approach
Will evaluates the nonlinear factor size of micro-crack and ultrasound interaction generation according to this side-lobe energy, is also following time
The mark of the focus signal interception of inversion energy.
Formula (8) becomes
3) nonlinear analysis: being that 96kHz signal energy packet selects time reversal window letter according to non-linear modulation secondary lobe frequency
Number M*(r,ω)；
4) signal time inverts: according to time reversal principle, the time-reversal signal of interception being inverted, then by exciting
Signal transducers sending time reverse signal；
The detection signal that two groups of excitation energy converters of A and B generate under sound field modulation, B termination receive structure under driving
Response signal FBB(r, ω), the response signal can be write as:
FBB(r, ω)=M*(ω)KPA(ω)KPB(ω)G(r,ω) (9)
Wherein KPA(w), KPBIt (w) is respectively A, the electromechanical coupling factor of the ultrasonic transducer of B, G is the frequency response of structure
Transmission function；
Time reversal processing is carried out to the data-signal that receives of B termination, in time-frequency domain is relationship altogether often according to signal, obtains
To reverse signal:
The guided wave signals after time reversal processing are motivated again at the end BEncounter tiny flaw in pipeline
It reflects；
5) Voice segment: the signal of transmitting realizes adapted local cosine transform at micro-crack, is believed according to nonlinear parameter after focusing
Number peak value further judges the size of micro-crack.
Reversion reflection detection signal is received at the end B, extracts accurate small flaw indication information；B terminates the structure received
Response signal FBBB(r, ω) are as follows:
It is real, even positive function, its Fourier transformation is in time zero
It is in-phase stacking, it follows that main peak peak value.
Such as when non-microcracked, i.e. when the length of micro-crack is λ=0um, FBBB(r, ω)=0.1；When the length of micro-crack
When λ=0.1um, FBBB(r, ω)=0.2；As length lambda=0.2um of micro-crack, FBBB(r, ω)=0.3.To by poly-
Defocused nonlinear parameter FBBBThe amplitude of (r, ω) judges the size of micro-crack.
Signal after micro-crack focuses can be obtained by implementing Fourier transformation to above-mentioned signal:
Embodiment of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, other any real without departing from spirit of the invention
Matter changes, modifies, substitutes, combines or simplifies with made under principle, is regarded as equivalent substitute mode, should be included in this
Within the protection scope of invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method for multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
Step 1: signal excitation
Two excitation ultrasonic transducer groups are set, and the first excitation ultrasonic transducer group is adhesive in detection pipe using single piezoelectric chip
The stimulating frequency of road side and group excitation ultrasonic transducer is set as single times of low frequency omega1；Second excitation ultrasonic transducer group be
The pipeline one week piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer array being spacedly distributed of detection is set, control the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group is passed through
Double high frequency torsion mode T (0,1) mode is excited, the frequency of the excitation of the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group is ω2And ω2=2
ω1；
Step 2: signal receives
The second excitation ultrasonic transducer group both carries out the excitation of detection signal, also connects to micro-crack reflection signal
It receives, receives energy converter as signal；
Step 3: nonlinear analysis
It is 3 ω according to non-linear modulation secondary lobe frequency1Signal behavior time reversal window function, by step 2 signal receive
Energy converter receives；
Step 4: signal time inverts
According to time reversal principle, the time-reversal signal of interception is inverted, then by the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group hair
Signal after sending intercepted time-reversal signal to be inverted；
Step 5: Voice segment
Signal after being inverted by the time-reversal signal intercepted that the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group is sent is in micro-crack
Place realizes adapted local cosine transform, and the size of micro-crack is further judged according to nonlinear parameter signal peak after focusing.
2. the method for multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group includes that at least six motivates ultrasonic transducer.
3. the method for multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: according to nonlinear characteristic in step 1, for a mixed frequency signal output displacement of input are as follows:
u(0)(x, t)=Acos (ω1t)+Bcos(ω2t) (1)
ω1, ω2The angular frequency of respectively first group of pumping signal, second group of pumping signal, A are the width of first group of pumping signal
Value, B are the amplitude of second group of pumping signal.
4. the method for multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack according to claim 3,
Be characterized in that: from the angle analysis of frequency in step 2, signal receives the signal u (x, t) that energy converter receives are as follows:
X is the displacement of particle vibration in material, and β is nonlinear factor, u(0)And u(1)It respectively indicates and is caused by linear and nonlinear
Particle vibration displacement, k1, k2It is frequency is respectively ω1, ω2Signal wave number；According to excitation frequency omega2=2 ω1, formula (2)
Become:
Obtain the corresponding vibration amplitude of each order frequency component:
The amplitude of each order component is extracted from measurement component, simultaneous (4) (6) (7) can obtain:
Pass through nonlinear factorAbsolute value come principium identification micro-crack reflection letter
Number power.
5. the method for multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack according to claim 4,
Be characterized in that: in step 3 according to non-linear modulation secondary lobe frequency be ω1+ω2=3 ω1Signal behavior time reversal window function M*
(r,ω)。
6. the method for multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack according to claim 5,
Be characterized in that: signal receives energy converter and receives response signal F of the structure under driving in step 4BB(r, ω), response letter
Number FBB(r, ω) is the time-reversal signal intercepted in step 4, which can be write as:
FBB(r, ω)=M*(ω)KPA(ω)KPB(ω)G(r,ω) (9)
Wherein KPA(w), KPBIt (w) is respectively the electromechanical coupling factor of the first excitation ultrasonic transducer, the second excitation ultrasonic transducer,
G (r, w) is the frequency response transmission function of structure；
The response signal F that energy converter receives is received to signalBB(r, ω) carries out time reversal processing, according to signal in time-frequency domain
It is relationship altogether often, obtains response signal FBBThe reverse signal of (r, ω):
Second excitation ultrasonic transducer group motivates the guided wave signals after time reversal processing againEncounter pipeline
Middle tiny flaw reflects.
7. the method for multiple-frequency modulation non-linear ultrasonic guide-wave time reversion detection pipeline micro-crack according to claim 6,
Be characterized in that: the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group motivates the guided wave signals after time reversal processing againMicro-
Cracks realize adapted local cosine transform, according to nonlinear parameter signal F after focusingBBB(r, ω) peak value further judges micro-crack
Size；
Reversion reflection detection signal is received in the second excitation ultrasonic transducer group, extracts accurate small flaw indication information；The
The structural response signal F that two excitation ultrasonic transducer groups receiveBBB(r, ω) are as follows:
It is real, even positive function, its Fourier transformation is same in time zero
Superimposed, it follows that main peak peak value judges the size of micro-crack；
Signal after micro-crack focuses can be obtained by implementing Fourier transformation to above-mentioned signal:
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| CN111236386A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-05 | 广州市淞滨工程技术有限公司 | Hush pipe that fail safe nature is high with leak protection function |
| CN111236386B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-06-04 | 浙江格标电气股份有限公司 | Hush pipe that fail safe nature is high with leak protection function |
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| CN113109435B (en) * | 2021-03-14 | 2024-04-26 | 北京工业大学 | Pipeline damage phonon energy wave diagnosis system and positioning method |
| CN115901045A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-04-04 | 厦门大学 | Nonlinear characteristic guided wave device and method based on component R region |
| CN115728390A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-03 | 东南大学 | Time reversal phased array focused ultrasound infrared thermal imaging detection system and method |
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