CN109187358B - Molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device and method - Google Patents
Molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device, which comprises a theodolite, an imaging remote sensing monitoring unit, a signal processing unit, a laser range finder and a camera, wherein the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit, the signal processing unit, the laser range finder and the camera are arranged on the theodolite, the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit comprises an imaging lens, light penetrating through the imaging lens sequentially passes through a first polarizing prism, a molecular bubble, a second polarizing prism and a light filter and then is imaged by an imaging detector, a magnet is arranged on the outer side of the molecular bubble, the imaging detector, the laser range finder and the camera are respectively connected with the signal processing unit, the polarization directions of the first polarizing prism and the second polarizing prism are orthogonal, and filling gas is filled in. The utility model also discloses a remote sensing monitoring method of molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas imaging. The invention has the advantages of high monitoring accuracy, small data dispersion, strong anti-interference and inhibition capability, strong environmental adaptability, high monitoring sensitivity, good result visibility and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ship pollutant emission and pollution gas monitoring, in particular to a molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission and pollution gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device and a molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission and pollution gas imaging remote sensing monitoring method.
Background
With the development of transportation technology and requirements, the proportion of the emission of ship polluted gas to air pollution is increasing day by day, but the ship is wide in distribution and strong in fluidity, and the emitted polluted gas has no shadow and is quick in change, so that the real-time and working condition detection of the ship smoke emission is difficult, and the method is a technical bottleneck of supervision and control system construction.
Because the detection difficulty of the ship pollution gas emission is high, the MARPOL convention requires the oil product detection mode, namely, the detection of the pollutant content in the fuel oil is performed, such as: the sulfur content of the fuel oil is regulated not to exceed 4.5 percent m/m. Such regulations are not in fact available, and there is no reason for the unreasonable situation because even if the fuel oil of the ship contains high sulfur content, if the ship takes the desulfurization technical measures, only the emission of low-sulfur polluted gas is realized, and the pollution to the atmosphere is reduced, which should be allowed. The emission of nitrogen oxides cannot be controlled by adopting the regulation, because the generation of nitrogen oxides comes from the nitrogen content in fuel oil on one hand, 78% of nitrogen in air enters a combustion chamber on the other hand, nitrogen oxides are also generated under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the emission of nitrogen oxides can be more reasonably controlled by detecting the nitrogen oxides in the emission of ship pollution gas, so that the MARPOL convention also provides the following conditions: class i requires a nox emission limit of 17.0< g/kwh at engine rated speed n <130rpm, and so on. The detection is carried out by chemical, spectral or weighing methods through chimney sampling, although the precision is high and the standard exceeding identification is accurate, the difficulty of ship sampling detection from the chimney is very high, detection personnel are difficult to go off the ship under the driving working condition, the time consumption, the labor consumption and the low efficiency are high, most innocent non-standard-exceeding ships are forced to detect, and a large amount of unnecessary manpower and material resources are consumed.
Document 1 (column Segmentation from UV Camera Images for SO)2Emission Rate Quantification on Cloud Days，remote sensing, 2017, 9, 517) adopts a chimney SO2The method for detecting the emission ultraviolet spectrum imaging remote sensing has strict requirements on the sky background condition, needs to be used under the condition of uniform cloud distribution in the sky, and is difficult to accurately measure if the sky background light is not uniform.
Document 2 (vehicle-mounted sulfur dioxide differential absorption lidar system, photonics, 2017, vol. 46, No. 7) adopts a laser differential absorption technology to detect SO in atmosphere2. However, because the spatial distribution of the ship-discharged smoke plume has uncertainty, and the shape of the smoke plume also varies in a plurality of ends and is extremely uneven, sometimes the smoke plume discharged by the ship through which the laser beam passes, sometimes even the laser beam does not accurately pass through the smoke plume, the monitoring result is as follows: if the laser beam passes through a part with thick smoke plume, the emission of tail gas is monitored to be large; if the laser beam passes through a part with thinner smoke plume, the emission of tail gas is monitored to be very small; if the laser beam does not pass through the plume accurately, exhaust emissions are not monitored. Therefore, even under the same ship, the same driving conditions and the same environmental conditions, the monitoring results are greatly different, so that the dispersion of the monitoring data is very large, and the accurate exhaust pollution emission value of the driving ship is difficult to obtain according to the one-time monitoring result.
Document 3(An Infrared Hyperspectral Sensor for Remote Sensing of Gases in the Atmosphere, proc.of SPIE vol.782778270j, 2010) adopts a fourier transform spectroscopy technology to realize SO discharged by ships2Imaging detection, the detection result is directly perceived, but the core component Fourier transform spectrometer has extremely high processing precision requirement, high cost, and is extremely sensitive to environmental temperature change and vibration, deep refrigeration is also needed during work, and the difficulty of application and popularization is very large.
2009 provides a new method for detecting the concentration of NO trace gas by using quantum cascade laser and NO optical rotation effect, which effectively improves the detection sensitivity of NO (document 3: ultrasensive detection of nitric oxide at 5.33 μm by using external calcium carbonate laser-based fluorescence spectroscopy, PNAS,2009vol.106no. 3112587-12592; document 4: Continuous monitoring of nitric oxide at 5.33 μm with EC-QCL based fluorescence analyzer: laboratory and field performance, Proc. of SPIE Vol.7222, 72220M-1-8, 2009), which is a sampling detection method for NO gas and is not suitable for remote sensing monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission polluted gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device and a molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission polluted gas imaging remote sensing monitoring method aiming at the problems in the prior art. The method has the advantages of high detection accuracy, small data dispersion, strong anti-interference inhibition capability, strong environment adaptability, high monitoring sensitivity, good result visibility and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the imaging remote sensing monitoring device for the molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission polluted gas comprises a theodolite, an imaging remote sensing monitoring unit, a signal processing unit, a laser range finder and a camera which are arranged on the theodolite,
the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit comprises an imaging lens, light penetrating through the imaging lens sequentially passes through a first polarizing prism, a molecular bubble, a second polarizing prism and a light filter and then is imaged by an imaging detector, a magnet is arranged on the outer side of the molecular bubble, the imaging detector, a laser range finder and a camera are respectively connected with a signal processing unit, the polarization directions of the first polarizing prism and the second polarizing prism are orthogonal, and filling gas is filled in the molecular bubble.
The molecular bubble comprises a hollow cylinder and mid-infrared glass windows which seal two ends of the cylinder, and the length of the inner space of the cylinder is 40-60 mm.
The magnet as described above is a cylindrical solenoid wound around the outside of the cylinder.
The filling gas is NO gas, and the gas pressure of the filling gas is 2000-5000 pa; the central wavelength of the optical filter is 5.33 mu m, the bandwidth is 400nm, and the magnet generates an axial magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 2000Gs in the molecular bubble;
or the filling gas is NO2The gas is filled, and the gas pressure of the filling gas is 1000-3000 pa; the central wavelength of the optical filter is 6.25 mu m, the bandwidth is 500nm, and the magnet generates an axial magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 800Gs in the molecular bubble.
The imaging remote sensing monitoring method of the molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas comprises the following steps:
wherein, IijThe signal value of the pixel of the ith column and the jth row on the image X;
n is the total number of columns of image X;
m is the total number of lines of the image X;
alpha is a conversion coefficient between a signal value of a pixel of the gray image X and the quality of the polluted gas discharged by the ship chimney and the gas with the same filling gas component;
beta is the transmittance of the atmosphere to the radiation spectrum of the filling gas;
and R is the distance between the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit and the chimney.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the dispersion of monitoring data is little, effectively improves the monitoring degree of accuracy: the obtained space distribution image of the components of the polluted gas covers a section of larger space volume of the ship smoke plume, the smoke plume is obtained by imaging monitoring no matter how uneven the smoke plume concentration is distributed in the space, and the instantaneous emission total amount of the ship can be obtained according to image data integration. Therefore, the problem of data dispersion caused by different monitoring space positions is avoided, the dispersion of the monitoring data is greatly reduced, and the monitoring accuracy is improved.
2) The background interference suppression capability is strong, and the influence of environmental interference is effectively reduced: the molecular Faraday optical rotation effect is adopted to selectively filter the gas pollution components discharged by the ship, so that the influence of the environmental background interference light is inhibited, the spatial distribution image of the specific pollution gas components discharged by the ship is obtained, and the influence of the environmental interference is effectively reduced.
3) Strong environment adaptability, long service life and low power consumption: the invention adopts passive imaging remote sensing monitoring, the core monitoring component is insensitive to the environmental temperature change, the influence on the monitoring precision and accuracy is small, passive receiving monitoring does not need active emission, the power consumption is low, and the service life is long.
4) The monitoring sensitivity is high: the intermediate infrared molecular characteristic spectrum is selected as the fundamental frequency radiation spectrum of the molecular spectrum of the polluted gas, the overtone radiation signal of the near infrared of the fundamental frequency radiation is improved by 3-6 orders of magnitude, and the monitoring sensitivity of the signal can be greatly improved.
5) The visibility of the monitoring result is good: although some forms of the ship smoke can be seen through careful observation, the content of the pollution components in the ship smoke cannot be observed through naked eyes.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application and installation layout of a molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composition structure of a molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a characteristic spectrum of NO molecules, a spectrum of background interference light, a spectrum of NO spin transmission, and a spectrum of filter transmission.
FIG. 4 is an experimentally measured optical transmission spectrum of NO.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the emission pollution gas plume of the ship in the monitoring image.
The system comprises a 1-imaging remote sensing monitoring unit, a 2-signal processing unit, a 3-laser range finder, a 4-camera, a 5-theodolite, a 101-imaging lens, a 102-first polarizing prism, a 103-molecular bubble, a 104-magnet, a 105-second polarizing prism, a 106-optical filter, a 107-imaging detector, a 201-NO molecular characteristic spectrum, a 202-background interference spectrum, a 203-NO optical rotation transmission spectrum and a 204-optical filter transmission spectrum.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 2, the imaging remote sensing monitoring device for the polluted gas discharged by the molecular optical rotation filtering ship comprises a theodolite 5, and further comprises an imaging remote sensing monitoring unit 1, a signal processing unit 2, a laser range finder 3 and a camera 4 which are arranged on the theodolite 5;
the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit 1 comprises an imaging lens 101, light transmitted through the imaging lens 101 sequentially passes through a first polarizing prism 102, a molecular bubble 103, a second polarizing prism 105 and an optical filter 106 and then is imaged by an imaging detector 107, a magnet 104 is arranged on the outer side of the molecular bubble 103, the imaging detector 107, a laser range finder 3 and a camera 4 are respectively connected with a signal processing unit 2, the polarization directions of the first polarizing prism 102 and the second polarizing prism 105 are orthogonal, and filling gas is filled in the molecular bubble 103.
The molecular bubble 103 comprises a hollow cylinder and mid-infrared glass windows which seal two ends of the cylinder, the length of the inner space of the cylinder is 40-60 mm, and the magnet 104 is a cylindrical solenoid wound outside the cylinder.
The filling gas is NO gas, and the pressure of the filling gas is 2000-5000 pa; the central wavelength of the optical filter 106 is 5.33 μm, the bandwidth is 400nm, and the magnet 104 generates an axial magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 2000Gs in the molecular bubble 103;
or the filling gas is NO2The gas is filled, and the gas pressure of the filling gas is 1000-3000 pa; the central wavelength of the optical filter 106 is 6.25 μm, the bandwidth is 500nm, and the magnet 104 generates an axial magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 800Gs in the molecular bubble 103.
In the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit 1, an imaging lens 101, a first polarizing prism 102, a molecular bubble 103, a second polarizing prism 105, an optical filter 106 and an imaging detector 107 are coaxially arranged in sequence; the receiving field of view of the imaging lens 101 is 8-20 degrees; the imaging detector 107 is located on an imaging focal plane of the imaging lens 101.
The receiving optical axes of the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit 1, the laser range finder 3 and the camera 4 are parallel, output signals are all connected to the signal processing unit 2, and control signals output by the signal processing unit 2 are connected to the theodolite 5; the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit 1, the signal processing unit 2, the laser range finder 3 and the camera 4 are fixedly arranged on the theodolite 5.
The receiving field of view of the camera 4 is 1.5-3 times of the receiving field of view of the imaging lens 101.
The imaging remote sensing monitoring method of the molecular optical rotation filtering ship emission pollution gas comprises the following steps:
the following description will be made of the information in the gray image X and the calculation method of the NO emission amount, taking the NO gas emitted from the monitoring vessel and the filling gas as the NO gas as an example:
as shown in fig. 3, an NO molecular characteristic spectrum 201 in the polluted gas discharged from the ship is in a comb-like discrete characteristic, and all background interference light spectrums 202 radiated by the sky, the cloud, the fog, the ship body, components in the atmosphere, and the polluted gas discharged from the ship except NO vary with the environment, wherein a B-band spectrum of the background interference light spectrum 202 overlaps with the NO molecular characteristic spectrum 201 in a spectrum position, that is, in-band interference; the spectrum of the section A and the spectrum of the section C are outside the NO molecular characteristic spectrum 201, namely the out-of-band interference; the filter transmission spectrum 204 transmission band of the filter 106 exactly covers the NO molecule characteristic spectrum 201.
Infrared light radiated by NO molecules and other components in the polluted gas discharged by the ship is received by the imaging lens 101, and simultaneously received by the imaging lens 101 are: infrared light radiated by components in sky, cloud, fog, ship body and atmosphere, all the light entering the imaging lens 101 is changed into linearly polarized light after passing through the first polarizing prism 102, when the linearly polarized light passes through the molecular bubble 103, the spectrum frequency component superposed with the spectral line of the NO molecule characteristic spectrum 201 rotates the polarization plane due to Faraday effect, and the polarized light after rotation is transmitted from the second polarizing prism 105; and all spectral frequency components that do not coincide with the spectral lines of the NO molecular signature spectrum 201 cannot undergo plane-of-polarization rotation within the molecular bubble 103 and therefore cannot pass through the second polarizing prism 105. In summary, the spectrum transmitted through the second polarizing prism 105 has a comb-shaped transmission characteristic, and the transmission spectral lines and the spectral lines of the NO molecule characteristic spectrum 201 are overlapped in a one-to-one correspondence manner on the spectrum. The experimentally measured optical transmission spectrum of NO is shown in FIG. 4.
In this way, the A, C segment of the background interference light spectrum 202 is effectively suppressed, the interference light between those lines in the B-segment spectrum which do not overlap with the lines of the NO molecule characteristic spectrum 201 is also effectively suppressed, only the characteristic spectrum signal of the NO molecule radiation in the polluted gas discharged from the ship is transmitted, and the background interference light overlapping with the lines of the NO molecule characteristic spectrum 201 has a small amount of residue, but the residual amount is negligibly small.
The optical signal passing through the second polarizing prism 105 passes through the optical filter 106, and the optical filter transmission spectrum 204 of the optical filter 106 is band-pass filtering, so that out-of-band interference is further suppressed, the out-of-band rejection ratio is improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio of NO in the ship smoke plume is improved.
wherein, IijThe signal value of the pixel of the ith column and the jth row on the gray scale image X;
n is the total column number of the gray image X;
m is the total number of rows of the gray image X;
alpha is a conversion coefficient between a signal value of a pixel of the gray image X and the quality of the polluted gas discharged by the ship chimney and the gas with the same filling gas component;
beta is the transmittance of the atmosphere to the radiation spectrum of the filling gas;
and R is the distance between the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit 1 and a chimney.
The signal processing unit 2 outputs the ship identity, the gray-scale image X of the ship emission plume and the total mass m of the gas with the same composition as the filling gas in the gray-scale image X.
Replacing the fill gas with NO2Obtaining NO contained in the grayscale image X using the same method as described above2Of the total mass of (c).
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A remote sensing monitoring method for ship emission polluted gas utilizes molecular optical rotation to filter ship emission polluted gas imaging remote sensing monitoring device, which comprises a theodolite (5), an imaging remote sensing monitoring unit (1), a signal processing unit (2), a laser range finder (3) and a camera (4) which are arranged on the theodolite (5),
imaging remote sensing monitoring unit (1) includes imaging lens (101), the light that sees through imaging lens (101) is in proper order through first polarizing prism (102), molecular bubble (103), second polarizing prism (105), imaging by imaging detector (107) behind light filter (106), the outside of molecular bubble (103) is provided with magnet (104), imaging detector (107), laser range finder (3) and camera (4) are connected with signal processing unit (2) respectively, the polarization direction quadrature of first polarizing prism (102) and second polarizing prism (105), molecular bubble (103) intussuseption is filled with filling gas, a serial communication port, including following step:
step 1, a signal processing unit (2) controls horizontal rotation and pitching rotation of a theodolite (5), and a camera (4) images passing ships on the water surface to obtain ship images;
step 2, the signal processing unit (2) identifies the number of the ship according to the ship image, and the signal processing unit (2) records the number of the ship;
step 3, the signal processing unit (2) controls horizontal rotation and pitching rotation of the theodolite (5) to search a chimney of the ship, when the chimney of the ship is searched, the laser range finder (3) measures and obtains a distance R between the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit (1) and the chimney, and the distance R value is transmitted to the signal processing unit (2);
step 4, the signal processing unit (2) controls horizontal rotation and pitching rotation of the theodolite (5), smoke plumes formed by polluted gases discharged by a ship chimney are adjusted to the center of a view field of an imaging lens (101) of the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit (1), an imaging detector (107) of the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit (1) images the smoke plumes to obtain a gray level image X, and the gray level image X is transmitted to the signal processing unit (2);
step 5, the signal processing unit (2) obtains the total mass m of the gas with the same component as the filling gas in the polluted gas discharged by the ship chimney through the following formula;
wherein, IijThe signal value of the pixel of the ith column and the jth row on the image X;
n is the total number of columns of image X;
m is the total number of lines of the image X;
alpha is a conversion coefficient between a signal value of a pixel of the gray image X and the quality of the polluted gas discharged by the ship chimney and the gas with the same filling gas component;
beta is the transmittance of the atmosphere to the radiation spectrum of the filling gas;
and R is the distance between the imaging remote sensing monitoring unit (1) and a chimney.
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| JP3778670B2 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2006-05-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Opto-magneto-optic effect measuring device |
| CN1209659C (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-07-06 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Atomic steam magneto-optical modulator |
| DE102009043345A1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust gas generating device, in particular ship, with an exhaust volume determination |
| EP3290906A4 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-05-02 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Laser-type gas analyzer for ships |
| CN108344737B (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2021-02-26 | 复旦大学 | System and method for monitoring tail gas of ships berthing at ports based on passive remote sensing technology |
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