CN109187239B - Experimental device and method for researching explosive gas pressure rock breaking mechanism - Google Patents

Experimental device and method for researching explosive gas pressure rock breaking mechanism Download PDF

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CN109187239B
CN109187239B CN201811199874.9A CN201811199874A CN109187239B CN 109187239 B CN109187239 B CN 109187239B CN 201811199874 A CN201811199874 A CN 201811199874A CN 109187239 B CN109187239 B CN 109187239B
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base
test piece
cover plate
rock test
rock
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CN109187239A (en
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王雁冰
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/313Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives

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Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device and a method for researching a detonation gas pressure rock breaking mechanism, and the experimental device and the method comprise a cylindrical base (1), a cover plate (4), a rubber cushion (5), a pressure sensor (12), a vacuumizing device (17), an exploder (18) and a pressure testing device (19), wherein the middle part of one bottom surface of the base (1) is a cylindrical cavity, the inside of the cylindrical cavity is used for accommodating a manufactured rock test piece (3), the rock test piece (3) is cylindrical, and the rock test piece (3) is provided with a vertical blast hole (9) penetrating through the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface; the device can separate the rock breaking mechanism of the explosive gas for research, and avoids the interference of stress waves on the rock breaking mechanism of the explosive gas.

Description

Experimental device and method for researching explosive gas pressure rock breaking mechanism
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to an experimental device and method for researching a blasting gas pressure rock breaking mechanism.
Background
The traditional rock blasting theory considers that after the explosive explodes, explosive stress waves and explosive gas are generated, the explosive stress waves firstly act on the rock to generate broken cracks in the rock, and then the explosive gas is wedged into the cracks to promote the cracks to further expand, so that the rock is finally broken. Due to the instantaneity of the explosion action, the explosion stress wave and the explosion gas are mixed together, the respective action degrees of the explosion stress wave and the explosion gas in the actual process are not clear, particularly the explosion gas is more difficult to separate, and the rock breaking mechanism of the explosion gas is independently researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an experimental device and method for researching a detonation gas pressure rock breaking mechanism aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an experimental device for researching a detonation gas pressure rock breaking mechanism comprises a cylindrical base (1), a cover plate (4), a rubber pad (5), a pressure sensor (12), a vacuumizing device (17), an exploder (18) and a pressure testing device (19), wherein the middle of one bottom surface of the base (1) is a cylindrical cavity, a manufactured rock test piece (3) is contained in the cylindrical cavity, the rock test piece (3) is cylindrical, and the rock test piece (3) is provided with a vertical blast hole (9) penetrating through the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface; the cover plate (4) is cylindrical, the middle part of one bottom surface of the cover plate is also a cylindrical cavity, the inner diameter of the cavity on the cover plate (4) is equal to the outer diameter of the base (1) and is used for covering the cover plate (4) outside the base (1), the rubber pad (5) is a cylindrical gasket made of soft elastic materials, the outer diameter of the rubber pad is equal to the outer diameter of the base (1), and through holes with the same size as the position of a blast hole are formed in the cover plate (4) and the rubber pad (5); the rubber cushion (5) covers the base (1) and the rock test piece (3) and is pressed below the cover plate (4) for sealing a gap between the rock test piece (3) and the base (1); fixing a bottom plate (1), a cover plate (4), a rock sample (3) and a rubber cushion (5) through bolt holes and bolts; the through hole at the top of the cover plate (4) is connected to a vacuumizing device (17) through an exhaust tube (16), the exhaust tube and the cover plate (4) are well sealed, and the cover plate can be sealed through an upper plug (8) and a lower plug (7). And a valve (15) is arranged on the air extraction pipe.
The experimental device, the space between rock test piece (3) and base (1) is the filler buffer layer for form the buffer layer between rock test piece and base (1), avoid rock test piece (3) to receive base (1) extrusion destruction.
The experimental device is characterized in that a pressure sensor (12) is arranged at the bottom of a blast hole (9) in advance and fixed at the bottom of the blast hole.
The experimental device adopts a piezoelectric sensor with the model CY-YD-214, the measuring range is 200MPa, the frequency response is larger than 75kHz, the sensitivity is 3.41pC/105Pa, the pressure sensor (12) is connected with a connecting line (13) of the sensor and is led out along the wall of the gun hole, the bottom of the rubber cushion, the base and the contact wall of the cover plate, the connecting line (13) is connected with a pressure testing device (19) for testing the change of the gas pressure in the gun hole, and the data is transmitted to a computer through A/D sampling and is automatically stored by the computer.
According to the experimental device, an explosive (10) is placed in a blast hole (9), the explosive (10) is made of powdery lead azide or granular DDNP and is arranged in a suction pipe with a thin wall surface, and two ends of the suction pipe are blocked by stemming (11); the explosive (10) needs to be suspended and not contacted with the blast hole wall and the pressure sensor (12).
A method of conducting an experiment according to any of the above experimental devices, comprising the steps of:
A1. manufacturing a test piece;
A2. placing a filler buffer layer in a cavity of the base (1), and then loading the rock test piece (3) into the cylindrical cavity of the base (1);
A3. filling explosive and connecting a lead;
A4. plugging; placing a rubber mat (5) on the top of a base (1) to cover the upper part of a rock test piece (3), and fixing a cover plate (4), the rubber mat (5) and the base (1) together by bolts;
A5. vacuumizing; opening a vacuumizing device (17) to vacuumize the space between the interior of the rock test piece (3) and the base (1);
A6. closing the valve (15) to maintain vacuum;
A7. starting the test equipment to be triggered;
A8. detonating the explosive, and recording the change of air pressure in the cavity by a pressure sensor;
A9. after the experiment is finished, the rock breaking mechanism under the action of the pressure of the explosive gas can be researched by analyzing the damage form, the breaking block size and the fracture morphology of the sample and combining the test result of the detonation pressure.
The device can separate the rock breaking mechanism of the explosive gas for research, and avoids the interference of stress waves on the rock breaking mechanism of the explosive gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the base;
1-base, 2-filler buffer layer, 3-rock test piece, 4-cover plate, 5-rubber cushion, 6-screw, 7-lower plug, 8-upper plug, 9-blast hole, 10-explosive, 11-stemming, 12-pressure sensor, 13-connecting line, 14-detonating line, 15-valve, 16-air exhaust tube, 17-vacuum extractor, 18-exploder, 19-pressure tester, 20 bolt hole;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the experimental device for researching the explosive gas pressure rock breaking mechanism comprises a cylindrical base 1, a cover plate 4, a rubber cushion 5, a pressure sensor 12, a vacuumizing device 17, an exploder 18 and a pressure testing device 19, wherein the middle of one bottom surface of the base 1 is a cylindrical cavity, the interior of the cylindrical cavity is used for accommodating a manufactured rock test piece 3, the rock test piece 3 is cylindrical, and the rock test piece 3 is provided with a vertical blast hole 9 penetrating through the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface; the cover plate 4 is cylindrical, the middle part of one bottom surface of the cover plate is also a cylindrical cavity, the inner diameter of the cavity on the cover plate 4 is equal to the outer diameter of the base 1 and is used for covering the cover plate 4 outside the base 1, the rubber pad 5 is a cylindrical gasket made of soft elastic material, the outer diameter of the rubber pad is equal to the outer diameter of the base 1, and through holes with the same size as the position of a blast hole are formed in the cover plate 4 and the rubber pad 5; the rubber cushion 5 covers the base 1 and the rock test piece 3 and is pressed below the cover plate 4 to seal a gap between the rock test piece 3 and the base 1;
fixing the bottom plate 1, the cover plate 4, the rock sample 3 and the rubber cushion 5 through bolt holes and bolts;
the space between the rock test piece 3 and the base 1 is a filler buffer layer and is used for forming a buffer layer between the rock test piece and the base 1 and avoiding the rock test piece 3 from being damaged by the extrusion of the base 1.
The through hole at the top of the cover plate 4 is connected to a vacuum pumping device 17 through a pumping pipe 16, the pumping pipe and the cover plate 4 are well sealed, and the sealing can be performed through an upper plug 8 and a lower plug 7. And a valve 15 is arranged on the air exhaust pipe.
The pressure sensor 12 is placed at the bottom of the blast hole 9 in advance and can be fixed at the bottom of the blast hole by glue. A piezoelectric sensor with the model CY-YD-214 is adopted, the measuring range is 200MPa, the frequency response is more than 75kHz, and the sensitivity is 3.41pC/105 Pa. And a connecting wire 13 for connecting the sensor is led out along the blast hole wall, the bottom of the rubber mat, the base and the contact wall of the cover plate. Because the rubber cushion can be deformed in a stretching way, the conducting wire is compacted, and the vacuumizing is not influenced. The connecting line 13 is connected with a pressure testing device 19, so that the change of the gas pressure in the blast hole can be tested, and the data is transmitted to a computer through the existing A/D sampling and is automatically stored by the computer.
The explosive 10 is made of powdery lead azide or granular DDNP and is arranged in a suction pipe with a thin wall surface, and two ends of the suction pipe are blocked by stemming 11. The enameled wire is used as a detonation probe, and the probe tip is inserted into the explosive 10. The explosive 10 needs to be suspended and not contacted with the blast hole wall and the pressure sensor 12; to ensure suspension, a small hole can be arranged in advance on the upper edge of the wall of the sucker, and the enameled wire passes through the small hole, winds to the edge of the upper wall, returns, passes through the small hole and is connected with the detonator 18.
The following detailed description relates to the structure and parameters of the components:
the base 1 is made of high-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel, the yield strength is greater than 1180MPa, and the base is subjected to processes of quenching, low-temperature tempering and the like, so that the base is prevented from deforming after being stressed. The outer diameter of the base is 600mm, and the height is 200 mm. A cylindrical cavity with the diameter of 300mm and the height of 150mm is dug in the middle. On the base upper surface, reserve 8 diameter 8 mm's bolt hole 20, the inside is threaded, evenly arranges, and the hole center-to-edge 75mm, as shown in fig. 2.
And (3) manufacturing the rock test piece 3, wherein the size of the rock test piece is slightly smaller than the diameter and the height of the cylindrical cavity of the base 1. The upper and lower surfaces of the test piece are flush. And drilling a blast hole 9 with the diameter of 20mm in the center of the test piece, and penetrating through the whole test piece.
The rubber mat 5 with the diameter of 600mm and the thickness of 20mm is laid on the upper surface of the base 1, a hole with the diameter equal to that of the blast hole 9 is reserved in the center of the rubber mat 5, and 8 holes with the same positions as the bolt holes in the base are reserved on the periphery of the rubber mat.
The cover plate 4 and the cover plate 4 are made of the same material as the base 1. The outer diameter is 800mm, and the height is 100 mm; the internal diameter is 600mm, and interior height is 75mm, reserves 8 bolt holes at the position 175mm apart from the outer fringe, and interior threaded. A hole is reserved in the center of the cover plate, an 8-lower plug is welded to the upper portion of the cover plate, a through hole is formed in the lower plug, the outer edge of the lower plug is made into a threaded shape and can be meshed with a 7-upper plug, and a rubber gasket is arranged between the upper plug and the lower plug to guarantee sealing. After the cover plate 4 is placed, the bolts are screwed.
The specific experimental steps are as follows:
A1. manufacturing a test piece;
A2. placing a filler buffer layer in the cavity of the base 1, and then loading the rock test piece 3 into the cylindrical cavity of the base 1;
A3. filling explosive and connecting a lead;
A4. plugging; placing a rubber mat 5 on the top of a base 1 and covering the upper part of a rock test piece 3, and fixing a cover plate 4, the rubber mat 5 and the base 1 together by bolts;
A5. vacuumizing; the vacuum-pumping device 17 is opened to vacuum the interior of the rock test piece 3 and the space between the rock test piece and the base 1
A6. Valve 15 is closed to maintain vacuum;
A7. starting the test equipment to be triggered;
A8. detonating the explosive, and recording the change of air pressure in the cavity by a pressure sensor;
A9. after the experiment is finished, the rock breaking mechanism under the action of the pressure of the explosive gas can be researched by analyzing the damage form, the breaking block size and the fracture morphology of the sample and combining the test result of the detonation pressure.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. An experimental device for researching a detonation gas pressure rock breaking mechanism is characterized by comprising a cylindrical base, a cover plate, a rubber pad, a pressure sensor, a vacuumizing device, an initiator and a pressure testing device, wherein the middle part of one bottom surface of the base is a cylindrical cavity, a manufactured rock test piece is accommodated in the cylindrical cavity, the rock test piece is cylindrical, and the rock test piece is provided with vertical blast holes penetrating through the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface; the cover plate is cylindrical, the middle part of one bottom surface of the cover plate is also a cylindrical cavity, the inner diameter of the cavity on the cover plate is equal to the outer diameter of the base and is used for covering the cover plate outside the base, the rubber pad is a cylindrical gasket made of soft elastic material, the outer diameter of the rubber pad is equal to that of the base, and through holes with the same size as the blast hole are formed in the cover plate and the rubber pad; the rubber pad covers the base and the rock test piece and is pressed below the cover plate to seal a gap between the rock test piece and the base; fixing the bottom plate, the cover plate, the rock test piece and the rubber cushion through bolt holes and bolts; the through hole at the top of the cover plate is connected to a vacuumizing device through an exhaust tube, and the exhaust tube and the cover plate are well sealed; a space between the rock test piece and the base is a filler buffer layer and is used for forming the buffer layer between the rock test piece and the base so as to prevent the rock test piece from being damaged by the extrusion of the base; a pressure sensor is placed at the bottom of the blast hole in advance and is fixed at the bottom of the blast hole; placing an explosive in the blast hole, wherein the explosive is selected from powdery lead azide or granular DDNP and is arranged in a suction pipe with a thin wall surface, and two ends of the suction pipe are blocked by stemming; the explosive needs to be placed in the air and is not contacted with the blast hole wall and the pressure sensor; the pressure sensor is connected with a connecting line of the sensor, the connecting line is led out along the wall of a blast hole, the bottom of a rubber cushion, a base and a contact wall of a cover plate, the connecting line is connected with a pressure testing device, the change of the gas pressure in the blast hole is tested, and data is transmitted to a computer through A/D sampling and is automatically stored by the computer.
2. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base material is high-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel, the yield strength is greater than 1180MPa, the outer diameter of the base is 600mm, and the height is 200 mm; a cylindrical cavity with the diameter of 300mm and the height of 150mm is arranged in the middle; reserving 8 bolt holes with the diameter of 8mm on the upper surface of the base, wherein the bolt holes are internally threaded and uniformly arranged, and the distance between the centers of the bolt holes and the outer edge is 75 mm; the size of the rock test piece is slightly smaller than the diameter and the height of the cylindrical cavity of the base; the upper surface and the lower surface of the test piece are parallel and level; a blast hole of 20mm is drilled in the center of the rock test piece and penetrates through the whole rock test piece.
3. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rubber pad with a diameter of 600mm and a thickness of 20mm is laid on the upper surface of the base, a hole with a diameter equal to that of the blast hole is reserved in the center of the rubber pad, and 8 holes with the same positions as those of the bolt holes in the base are reserved on the periphery of the rubber pad; the cover plate and the base are made of the same material, the outer diameter is 800mm, the height is 100mm, the inner diameter is 600mm, the inner height is 75mm, 8 bolt holes are reserved at a position 175mm away from the outer edge, and the inner part of each bolt hole is provided with a thread; the hole is reserved in the center of the cover plate, the lower plug is welded to the upper portion of the cover plate, the lower plug is provided with a through hole, the outer edge of the lower plug is made into a threaded shape and can be meshed with the upper plug, and a rubber gasket is arranged between the upper plug and the lower plug to guarantee sealing.
4. A method of conducting an experiment according to the experimental apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
A1. manufacturing a rock test piece;
A2. placing a filler buffer layer in a cavity of the base (1), and then loading a rock test piece into the cylindrical cavity of the base;
A3. filling explosive and connecting a lead;
A4. plugging; placing a rubber pad on the top of a base and covering the top of a rock test piece, and fixing a cover plate, the rubber pad and the base together by bolts;
A5. vacuumizing; opening a vacuumizing device, and vacuumizing the interior of the rock test piece and the space between the interior of the rock test piece and the base;
A6. closing the valve to keep vacuum;
A7. starting the test equipment to be triggered;
A8. detonating the explosive, and recording the change of air pressure in the cavity by a pressure sensor;
A9. after the experiment is finished, the rock breaking mechanism under the action of the detonation gas pressure can be researched by analyzing the damage form, the broken block size and the fracture morphology of the rock test piece in combination with the test result of the detonation pressure.
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CN112727390B (en) * 2020-12-31 2022-07-22 西南石油大学 Rock debris collecting device for mechanical rock breaking test and drilling evaluation method
CN113654892B (en) * 2021-08-31 2022-10-11 武汉大学 Blasting dynamic response simulator
CN114863778B (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-12-15 西北核技术研究所 Separated type chemical explosion simulation experiment device and implementation method thereof
CN117538217A (en) * 2023-11-27 2024-02-09 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 Device and method for analyzing permeation and migration characteristics of helium-rich natural gas in rock

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