CN109185372B - Hydraulic disc brake lining and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hydraulic disc brake lining and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109185372B CN109185372B CN201811271411.9A CN201811271411A CN109185372B CN 109185372 B CN109185372 B CN 109185372B CN 201811271411 A CN201811271411 A CN 201811271411A CN 109185372 B CN109185372 B CN 109185372B
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- disc brake
- hydraulic disc
- brake lining
- phenolic resin
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical compound B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical class [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 butyronitrile modified phenolic resin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000357293 Leptobrama muelleri Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052599 brucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
- F16D69/028—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides containing fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/149—Antislip compositions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0008—Ferro
- F16D2200/0021—Steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
- F16D2200/0052—Carbon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0023—Shaping by pressure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic disc brake lining and a preparation method thereof. The hydraulic disc brake lining comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of steel fiber, 13-18 parts of modified phenolic resin, 2-5 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 13-18 parts of graphite powder, 35-39 parts of filler, 1-4 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber, 1-4 parts of zinc stearate, 3-7 parts of silicon carbide, 6-10 parts of zirconium diboride, 2-5 parts of molybdenum silicide and 2-6 parts of zirconium carbide; the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1: mixing a first ingredient; s2: mixing the second ingredient; s3: preforming; s4: hot-press forming; s5: heat treatment; s6: and grinding and drilling the product after the heat treatment to obtain a finished product. The invention has the advantages of good heat resistance, water resistance and high-temperature heat fading resistance, and can improve the high-temperature brake friction coefficient; the preparation method has the advantages of high preparation precision and more accurate size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brake linings, in particular to a hydraulic disc brake lining and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lining of brake pad belongs to a part of automobile friction material, and belongs to a key safety part in the automobile industry, the friction material cannot be separated during starting, braking and parking of the automobile, and the quality and the superiority of the friction material are directly related to life and property safety.
For this reason, asbestos-free automobile brake linings (brake pads for short) were first produced by ferrodo corporation, uk, over ten years ago; TEL corporation of the United kingdom is 70% asbestos-free brake linings, primarily metal-based brake products, for new vehicle models. Most automotive semi-metal linings in the united states account for 80% of these products in passenger cars and passenger-cargo vehicles, and asbestos brake linings still account for a considerable proportion of the current automotive industry in our country. Because the asbestos brake has great pollution to the environment, the asbestos brake lining is also gradually eliminated in China.
In the prior art, the chinese patent application with application number CN93115918.0 discloses a friction plate, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-50% of brucite, 5-15% of steel fiber, 3-10% of rubber powder, 3-20% of ferrochrome mineral powder, 3-20% of wollastonite, 3-20% of vermiculite powder, 3-15% of graphite and 15-30% of resin.
The existing friction plate has too strong rigidity, the brake is easy to crack and damage because of high speed and large braking friction kinetic energy during braking, and meanwhile, the raw materials in the product are basically powder, so that dust can influence the production environment in the processing process.
In the prior art, chinese patent application No. CN95113999.1 discloses a disc brake lining, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-15% of phenolic resin, 5-15% of urea-formaldehyde resin, 0.5-1.5% of oleic acid, 0.5-1.5% of zirconium silicate, 4-6% of zinc oxide, 4-6% of sodium fluoride, 4-6% of graphite powder, 1% of tire powder, 12-18% of barium phobic acid, 12-18% of diatomite, 18-22% of iron ore powder, 4-6% of copper fiber, 4-6% of steel fiber and 1-3% of glass fiber.
The existing disc brake lining has no dust pollution in the processing process, does not damage the brake when in use, but has poor heat resistance and water resistance, serious heat fading and reduced friction coefficient at higher temperature (300-.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic disc brake lining having advantages of good heat and water resistance, and high temperature heat fading resistance, and being capable of increasing a high temperature brake friction coefficient.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake pad, which has advantages of high manufacturing accuracy and more accurate dimensions.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hydraulic disc brake lining comprising the following components in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of steel fiber, 13-18 parts of modified phenolic resin, 2-5 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 13-18 parts of graphite powder, 35-39 parts of filler, 1-4 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber, 1-4 parts of zinc stearate, 3-7 parts of silicon carbide, 6-10 parts of zirconium diboride, 2-5 parts of molybdenum silicide and 2-6 parts of zirconium carbide.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the fiber and the polymer are adopted to replace asbestos, the requirement of modern society on environmental protection is met, meanwhile, the modified phenolic resin can be used for uniformly bonding various fiber framework materials, fillers and the like in raw materials together, the lining is compact in structure, meanwhile, the powdered nitrile rubber has good tensile strength and heat resistance, soft texture and good low-temperature friction performance, can reduce noise and vibration, improves the high-temperature brake friction coefficient of the lining, the FKF composite mineral fiber is used as a main body reinforcing component, improves the mechanical strength, the friction performance and the heat resistance of the lining, the zinc stearate can prevent fiber agglomeration, is beneficial to fiber dispersion, can improve the performance and the appearance of products, the filler improves the balance and the adhesion resistance of braking, and the silicon carbide has good high-temperature performance after being added with silicon carbide, can form the glass layer that the one deck is rich in silica on the facing surface, can block the diffusion of oxygen, prevent that the facing from taking place the oxidation under high temperature, the zirconium diboride surface has the oxidation film that the one deck is dense, can prevent that oxygen from getting into and taking place oxidation reaction with other components, make the facing oxidized, simultaneously carborundum and zirconium diboride interact, carborundum can improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of zirconium diboride, make the heat resistance of zirconium diboride further improve, thereby strengthen the heat resistance of facing, molybdenum silicide and zirconium carbide are under high temperature, can form the oxidation film, prevent that oxygen from entering inside the facing, prevent that the facing from oxidizing under high temperature, and molybdenum silicide and zirconium carbide can interact with zirconium diboride, make the heat resistance of zirconium diboride further improve, thereby improve the heat resistance and the high temperature heat fading resistance of facing.
Further, the components in parts by weight are as follows: 19-21 parts of steel fiber, 14-16 parts of modified phenolic resin, 3-4 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 14-16 parts of graphite powder, 36-37 parts of filler, 2-3 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber, 2-3 parts of zinc stearate, 4-5 parts of silicon carbide, 7-9 parts of zirconium diboride, 3-4 parts of molybdenum silicide and 3-4 parts of zirconium carbide.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the using amount of each raw material is more accurate, the raw materials are mixed more uniformly, the performance of the prepared lining is more excellent, and the waste of the raw materials is prevented.
Further, the modified phenolic resin is one or a combination of more of butyronitrile modified phenolic resin, cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin and boric acid modified phenolic resin.
By adopting the technical scheme, the impact resistance effect of the gasket can be improved by using the butyronitrile modified phenolic resin, the toughness of the gasket can be improved, the softening point of the cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin is high, the toughness is good, the cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin can be used as a reinforcing agent of the gasket to increase the strength of the gasket, the boric acid modified phenolic resin has excellent heat resistance, and the instant high temperature resistance and the mechanical property are excellent, so that the phenomena of block falling and cracking can not be caused under the conditions that the speed of the gasket is high and the kinetic energy of braking friction is large.
Further, the filler comprises 1-5 parts of brass ore powder, 5-10 parts of calcium carbonate and 20-30 parts of calcium sulfate whisker.
By adopting the technical scheme, the brass mineral powder, the calcium carbonate and the calcium sulfate crystal whisker are used as the filler, more metal components are used, the use humidity and the water resistance of the gasket can be improved, the strength of the gasket is improved, the phenomena of block falling, cracking and the like caused by low strength of the gasket are avoided, and the service life of the gasket is prolonged.
Further, the length of the steel fiber is 2-5nm, and the diameter is 0.03-0.15 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the length and the diameter of the carbon fiber are controlled, so that the prepared lining has compact texture, and the wear resistance and the strength of the lining are increased.
Furthermore, the raw materials also comprise 3-8 parts of a friction enhancer and 2-5 parts of a release agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the added friction increasing agent can increase the friction coefficient of the lining and improve the wear resistance of the lining, and the added release agent can facilitate the separation of the lining and a mold and improve the surface smoothness of the lining.
Further, the friction-increasing agent is one or a composition of more of diatomite, mica powder, zirconium silicate and chromite.
By adopting the technical scheme, the diatomite and the mica powder have rough surfaces and pore structures, the friction of the lining can be increased, the lining can absorb kinetic energy better, the zirconium silicate can improve the friction coefficient of the lining and reduce the thermal expansion of the lining, the chromite has good low-temperature and high-temperature abrasion increasing effect, the stability of the friction coefficient of the lining can be obviously enhanced, the abrasion is reduced, and the heat fading property of the lining is improved.
Further, it can be applied to motorcycles and electric vehicles.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method of making a hydraulic disc brake pad comprising the steps of:
s1: mixing and batching I: weighing zinc stearate, steel fibers and FKF composite mineral fibers according to the proportion of the raw materials, pouring the zinc stearate, the steel fibers and the FKF composite mineral fibers into a mixer, stirring to fully open the fibers, and discharging the materials for later use;
s2: mixing ingredients II: weighing modified phenolic resin, powdered nitrile rubber, graphite powder, filler, silicon carbide, zirconium diboride, molybdenum silicide, zirconium monocarbide, a friction enhancer and a release agent according to the raw material ratio, putting the weighed materials into a mixer, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the first ingredient mixed in the step S1, and continuously stirring until the first ingredient is fully mixed to obtain an ingredient;
s3: preforming: weighing the ingredients obtained in the step S2 according to the required specification of the disc brake gasket, and carrying out cold press molding under the pressure of 50-60MPa and the temperature of 40-50 ℃; carrying out oil removal, shot blasting and sand blasting and gluing treatment on the steel backing;
s4: hot-press molding: placing the cold blank after cold pressing into a hot pressing mold, heating the hot pressing mold to 140-;
s5: and (3) heat treatment: putting the hot-pressed product into an oven, and carrying out heat treatment at 135-180 ℃ for 2-4 hours;
s6: and grinding and drilling the product after the heat treatment to obtain a finished product.
By adopting the technical scheme, the raw materials are mixed in batches in the step S1, wherein the FKF composite mineral fibers can generate static electricity and strong adsorption, so the raw materials are separately stirred with other materials, wherein zinc stearate can prevent the fibers from agglomerating and is beneficial to fiber dispersion, and then the mixture is subjected to normal-temperature pre-compression molding, so that the appearance integrity of the lining can be improved, particularly the processing of the special-shaped lining is more accurate in size and more accurate in processing, and the braking sensitivity of the lining is improved.
Further, in the step S1, the rate is controlled at 800r/min for 15-20 min.
By adopting the above technical scheme, the FKF composite mineral fiber is dispersed by high-speed stirring because it generates static electricity and strong adsorption.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, because the silicon carbide is added into the raw materials, a glass layer rich in silicon dioxide can be formed on the surface of the lining, the diffusion of oxygen can be prevented, the lining is prevented from being oxidized at high temperature, and the heat resistance and the high-temperature recession resistance of the lining are improved.
Secondly, in the invention, the interaction between silicon carbide and zirconium diboride is optimized, the silicon carbide can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the zirconium diboride, so that the heat resistance of the zirconium diboride is further improved, the heat resistance of the gasket is enhanced, and the molybdenum silicide and the zirconium monocarbide can form an oxidation film at high temperature, so that oxygen is prevented from entering the inside of the gasket, the gasket is prevented from being oxidized at high temperature, and the molybdenum silicide and the zirconium monocarbide can interact with the zirconium diboride, so that the heat resistance of the zirconium diboride is further strengthened, and the heat resistance and the high-temperature heat fading resistance of the gasket are improved.
Thirdly, the friction increasing agent is added into the raw materials, wherein zirconium silicate can improve the friction coefficient of the lining and reduce the thermal expansion of the lining, and chromite has good low-temperature and high-temperature grinding effects, can obviously enhance the stability of the friction coefficient of the lining, reduces abrasion and improves the heat fading property of the lining.
Fourth, the brass mineral powder, the calcium carbonate and the calcium sulfate whisker are used as the filler, so that the use humidity and the water resistance of the gasket can be improved, the strength of the gasket is improved, the gasket is prevented from falling and cracking, and the service life of the gasket is prolonged.
Fifth, in the method of the present invention, normal temperature pre-pressing molding is used, so that the appearance integrity of the lining, particularly the processing of the opposite lining, can be improved, the size is more accurate, the processing is more accurate, and the braking sensitivity of the lining is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples.
Examples
In the following examples, the steel fiber is selected from steel wire type steel fiber produced by Harris, the butyronitrile modified phenolic resin is selected from butyronitrile modified phenolic resin with model number PNBR-113 prepared by Qingdao Yinji rubber and plastic technology Limited, the powdered butyronitrile rubber is selected from GM50 type powdered butyronitrile rubber produced by Guangshen rubber and plastic technology Limited, the graphite powder is selected from micro graphite with model number TS-1 produced by Qingdao Tianyuan graphite Limited, the chalcopyrite powder is selected from 42533 chalcopyrite powder produced by Beijing Longxi chemical technology Limited, the glue is selected from TOTALSEAL1745/1 produced by Suzhou Zhonghua Mingjingting composite material Limited, the steel back is selected from cast steel back WVA29087 produced by Nicoti Tai jin braking system Limited, the release agent is HR-1200 produced by Huarui research, and the cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin is selected from 6236 type produced by Shandong.
Example 1: the preparation method of the hydraulic disc brake lining comprises the following steps of:
s1: mixing and batching I: weighing 1 part of zinc stearate, 18 parts of steel fiber and 1 part of FKF composite mineral fiber according to the proportion of raw materials, pouring the zinc stearate, the steel fiber and the FKF composite mineral fiber into a mixer, stirring at the speed of 500r/min for 15min, fully opening the fibers, and discharging the materials for later use; wherein the length of the steel fiber is 2nm, and the diameter is 0.03 mm;
s2: mixing ingredients II: weighing 13 parts of butyronitrile modified phenolic resin, 2 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 13 parts of graphite powder, 35 parts of filler, 3 parts of silicon carbide, 6 parts of zirconium diboride, 2 parts of molybdenum silicide, 2 parts of zirconium monocarbide, 3 parts of diatomite and 2 parts of release agent according to the raw material ratio, putting into a mixer, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the first ingredient mixed in the step S1 into the mixer, and continuously stirring until the first ingredient is fully mixed to obtain an ingredient;
wherein the filler comprises 1 part of brass mineral powder, 5 parts of calcium carbonate and 20 parts of calcium sulfate whisker;
s3: preforming: weighing the ingredients obtained in the step S2 according to the required specification of the disc brake gasket, and carrying out cold press molding under the pressure of 50MPa and the temperature of 40 ℃; carrying out oil removal, shot blasting and sand blasting and gluing treatment on the steel backing;
s4: hot-press molding: placing the cold blank after cold pressing into a hot pressing mold, heating the hot pressing mold to 140 ℃, then placing the steel back treated by S3, controlling the pressure of the hot pressing mold to be 30MPa, the pressing temperature to be 155 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time to be 5 min;
s5: and (3) heat treatment: putting the hot-pressed product into an oven, and carrying out heat treatment for 2 hours at 135 ℃;
s6: and grinding and drilling the product after the heat treatment to obtain a finished product.
TABLE 1 formulation of the components of the brake lining stock of examples 1-4
Example 2: the preparation method of the hydraulic disc brake lining comprises the following steps of:
s1: mixing and batching I: weighing 2 parts of zinc stearate, 19 parts of steel fiber and 2 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber according to the proportion of raw materials, pouring the zinc stearate, the steel fiber and the FKF composite mineral fiber into a mixer, stirring at the speed of 600r/min for 17min, fully opening the fiber, and discharging the materials for later use; wherein the length of the steel fiber is 3nm, and the diameter is 0.07 mm;
s2: mixing ingredients II: weighing 14 parts of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin, 3 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 14 parts of graphite powder, 36 parts of filler, 4 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of zirconium diboride, 3 parts of molybdenum silicide, 3 parts of zirconium monocarbide, 5 parts of mica powder and 3 parts of release agent according to the raw material ratio, putting the materials into a mixer, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the first ingredient mixed in the step S1 into the mixer, and continuously stirring until the materials are fully mixed to obtain an ingredient;
wherein the filler comprises 2 parts of brass mineral powder, 6 parts of calcium carbonate and 24 parts of calcium sulfate whisker;
s3: preforming: weighing the ingredients obtained in the step S2 according to the required specification of the disc brake gasket, and carrying out cold press molding under the pressure of 54MPa and the temperature of 44 ℃; carrying out oil removal, shot blasting and sand blasting and gluing treatment on the steel backing;
s4: hot-press molding: placing the cold blank after cold pressing into a hot pressing mold, heating the hot pressing mold to 143 ℃, then placing the steel back processed by S3, controlling the pressure of the hot pressing mold to be 32MPa, the pressing temperature to be 157 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time to be 6 min;
s5: and (3) heat treatment: putting the hot-pressed product into an oven, and carrying out heat treatment for 3 hours at 145 ℃;
s6: and grinding and drilling the product after the heat treatment to obtain a finished product.
Example 3: the preparation method of the hydraulic disc brake lining comprises the following steps of:
s1: mixing and batching I: weighing 3 parts of zinc stearate, 21 parts of steel fiber and 3 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber according to the proportion of raw materials, pouring into a mixer, stirring at the speed of 700r/min for 18min, fully opening the fiber, and discharging the materials for later use; wherein the length of the steel fiber is 4nm, and the diameter is 0.11 mm;
s2: mixing ingredients II: weighing 16 parts of boric acid modified phenolic resin, 4 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 16 parts of graphite powder, 37 parts of filler, 5 parts of silicon carbide, 9 parts of zirconium diboride, 4 parts of molybdenum silicide, 4 parts of zirconium monocarbide, 7 parts of zirconium silicate and 4 parts of release agent according to the raw material ratio, putting into a mixer, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the first ingredient mixed in the step S1 into the mixer, and continuously stirring until the first ingredient is fully mixed to obtain an ingredient;
wherein the filler comprises 4 parts of brass mineral powder, 8 parts of calcium carbonate and 27 parts of calcium sulfate whisker;
s3: preforming: weighing the ingredients obtained in the step S2 according to the required specification of the disc brake gasket, and carrying out cold press molding under the pressure of 58MPa and the temperature of 48 ℃; carrying out oil removal, shot blasting and sand blasting and gluing treatment on the steel backing;
s4: hot-press molding: placing the cold blank after cold pressing into a hot pressing die, heating the hot pressing die to 148 ℃, then placing the steel back processed by S3, controlling the pressure of the hot pressing die to be 34MPa, the pressing temperature to be 158 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time to be 6.5 min;
s5: and (3) heat treatment: putting the hot-pressed product into an oven, and carrying out heat treatment at 160 ℃ for 3.5 hours;
s6: and grinding and drilling the product after the heat treatment to obtain a finished product.
Example 4: the preparation method of the hydraulic disc brake lining comprises the following steps of:
s1: mixing and batching I: weighing 4 parts of zinc stearate, 22 parts of steel fiber and 4 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber according to the proportion of raw materials, pouring the zinc stearate, the steel fiber and the FKF composite mineral fiber into a mixer, stirring at the speed of 800r/min for 20min, fully opening the fiber, and discharging the materials for later use; wherein the steel fiber has a length of 5nm and a diameter of 0.15mm, and is selected from steel wire type steel fibers produced by Harrey;
s2: mixing ingredients II: weighing 18 parts of boric acid modified phenolic resin, 5 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 18 parts of graphite powder, 39 parts of filler, 7 parts of silicon carbide, 10 parts of zirconium diboride, 5 parts of molybdenum silicide, 6 parts of zirconium monocarbide, 8 parts of zirconium silicate and 5 parts of release agent according to the raw material ratio, putting into a mixer, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the first ingredient mixed in the step S1 into the mixer, and continuously stirring until the first ingredient is fully mixed to obtain an ingredient;
wherein the filler comprises 5 parts of brass mineral powder, 10 parts of calcium carbonate and 30 parts of calcium sulfate whisker;
s3: preforming: weighing the ingredients obtained in the step S2 according to the required specification of the disc brake gasket, and carrying out cold press molding under the pressure of 60MPa and the temperature of 50 ℃; carrying out oil removal, shot blasting and sand blasting and gluing treatment on the steel backing;
s4: hot-press molding: placing the cold blank after cold pressing into a hot pressing mold, heating the hot pressing mold to 150 ℃, then placing the steel back treated by S3, controlling the pressure of the hot pressing mold to be 35MPa, the pressing temperature to be 160 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time to be 7 min;
s5: and (3) heat treatment: putting the hot-pressed product into an oven, and carrying out heat treatment for 4 hours at 180 ℃;
s6: and grinding and drilling the product after the heat treatment to obtain a finished product.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: a method of manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake lining, which differs from example 1 in that the material of the lining does not contain silicon carbide.
Comparative example 2: a method of manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake lining, differing from example 1 in that the lining is formed without zirconium diboride.
Comparative example 3: a method of manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake lining, which differs from example 1 in that the material of the lining does not contain molybdenum silicide.
Comparative example 4: a method of manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake lining, which differs from example 1 in that the lining is made of a material which does not contain zirconium carbide.
Comparative example 5: a method of manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake lining, which differs from example 1 in that the lining does not contain silicon carbide, zirconium diboride, molybdenum silicide and zirconium monocarbide.
Comparative example 6: a method of manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake pad, which is different from example 1 in that the preforming temperature is 30 c in step S3.
Comparative example 7: a method of manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake pad, which is different from example 1 in that the preforming temperature is 60 c in step S3.
Performance test
Hydraulic disc brake linings were prepared according to the methods in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 7, and the following properties were examined:
1. rockwell hardness: detecting according to GB/T5766-2007 Rockwell hardness test method for friction materials; 2. shear strength: detecting 2 types of linings (the width is less than or equal to 30mm and the thickness is less than or equal to 6.5mm) in GB5763-2008 brake linings for automobiles at room temperature; 3. bonding strength: detecting according to GB/T26737-2011 test method for testing influence of corrosion of a road vehicle brake lining on adhesion of an iron coupling surface; 4. thermal expansion coefficient: detecting 4 types of linings (the thickness is less than or equal to 10mm) in GB5763-2008 & lt & gt brake linings for automobiles at the temperature of 400 +/-10 ℃; 5. impact strength: detecting according to the requirements of class 3 linings (width is more than 30-60mm, and thickness is more than 6.5-10mm) in GB5763-2008 brake linings for automobiles; 6. compressive strain: the test was carried out at room temperature and 400 + -10 ℃ according to class 4 linings (thickness ≤ 10mm) of GB5763-2008 "brake linings for automobiles", and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 results of performance test of brake linings prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 7
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the hydraulic disc brake linings prepared by the methods in examples 1 to 4 have moderate hardness, can effectively reduce brake noise and improve brake starting comfort, and have excellent mechanical properties, excellent heat fading resistance and long service life, while the brake linings prepared by the comparative examples have higher hardness, higher noise during braking, higher thermal expansion rate, poor heat fading resistance at high temperature, small impact strength and larger compression deformation.
Hydraulic disc brake linings were prepared according to the methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 7, and the friction coefficient and wear rate of the linings were measured as required for 3 types of linings (width > 100mm, thickness > 10mm) in GB5763-2008 "brake linings for automobiles, and the measurement results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 friction coefficient and wear rate test results of brake pads in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 7
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the brake linings prepared by the methods of examples 1 to 4 have stable frictional wear performance, particularly stable frictional performance at a high temperature stage and low wear rate; the brake linings prepared by the methods of comparative examples 1 to 7 were unstable in frictional properties and large in wear rate.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hydraulic disc brake lining, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of steel fiber, 13-18 parts of modified phenolic resin, 2-5 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 13-18 parts of graphite powder, 35-39 parts of filler, 1-4 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber, 1-4 parts of zinc stearate, 3-7 parts of silicon carbide, 6-10 parts of zirconium diboride, 2-5 parts of molybdenum silicide and 2-6 parts of zirconium carbide, and further comprises 3-8 parts of a friction enhancer and 2-5 parts of a release agent; the friction-increasing agent is one or a composition of more of diatomite, mica powder, zirconium silicate and chromite.
2. A hydraulic disc brake lining according to claim 1, wherein the components are, in parts by weight: 19-21 parts of steel fiber, 14-16 parts of modified phenolic resin, 3-4 parts of powdered nitrile rubber, 14-16 parts of graphite powder, 36-37 parts of filler, 2-3 parts of FKF composite mineral fiber, 2-3 parts of zinc stearate, 4-5 parts of silicon carbide, 7-9 parts of zirconium diboride, 3-4 parts of molybdenum silicide and 3-4 parts of zirconium carbide.
3. A hydraulic disc brake lining according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified phenolic resin is one or a combination of butyronitrile modified phenolic resin, cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin and boric acid modified phenolic resin.
4. A hydraulic disc brake lining according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the filler comprises 1 to 5 parts of brass ore powder, 5 to 10 parts of calcium carbonate, and 20 to 30 parts of calcium sulfate whiskers.
5. A hydraulic disc brake lining according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steel fibres have a length of 2-5nm and a diameter of 0.03-0.15 mm.
6. A method of making a hydraulic disc brake lining according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1: mixing and batching I: weighing zinc stearate, steel fibers and FKF composite mineral fibers according to the proportion of the raw materials, pouring the zinc stearate, the steel fibers and the FKF composite mineral fibers into a mixer, stirring to fully open the fibers, and discharging the materials for later use;
s2: mixing ingredients II: weighing modified phenolic resin, powdered nitrile rubber, graphite powder, filler, silicon carbide, zirconium diboride, molybdenum silicide, zirconium monocarbide, a friction enhancer and a release agent according to the raw material ratio, putting the weighed materials into a mixer, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the first ingredient mixed in the step S1, and continuously stirring until the first ingredient is fully mixed to obtain an ingredient;
s3: preforming: weighing the ingredients obtained in the step S2 according to the required specification of the disc brake gasket, and carrying out cold press molding under the pressure of 50-60MPa and the temperature of 40-50 ℃; carrying out oil removal, shot blasting and sand blasting and gluing treatment on the steel backing;
s4: hot-press molding: placing the cold blank after cold pressing into a hot pressing mold, heating the hot pressing mold to 140-;
s5: and (3) heat treatment: putting the hot-pressed product into an oven, and carrying out heat treatment at 135-180 ℃ for 2-4 hours;
s6: and grinding and drilling the product after the heat treatment to obtain a finished product.
7. The method for manufacturing a hydraulic disc brake lining as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S1, the speed is controlled at 800r/min for 15-20 min.
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| CN104108937A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-22 | 洛阳市西格马炉业有限公司 | Zirconium carbide ceramic heating unit and preparation method thereof |
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Denomination of invention: Hydraulic disc brake lining and its preparation method Effective date of registration: 20220708 Granted publication date: 20200512 Pledgee: Zhejiang Haining Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Chang'an sub branch Pledgor: HAINING YIDA AUTOMATION EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022330001302 |