CN109182566B - Method for preventing and treating bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker. The method comprises the following steps: (1) breeding the canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety into seed balls; (2) soaking the seedballs cultured in the step (1) in a disinfectant for disinfection, and then naturally airing to obtain disinfected seedballs; (3) and (3) detecting the bacterial soft rot germs of the sterilized seed balls obtained in the step (2), and selecting the seed balls without the bacterial soft rot germs for planting. According to the disease characteristics of the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot, the comprehensive prevention and control technology of disease-resistant varieties and healthy seed balls is adopted, the spread of pathogenic bacteria is stopped from the source, the usage amount of pesticides is reduced, non-point source pollution is prevented and treated, and the yield and income of the canna edulis ker can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker.
Background
The bacterial soft rot has long damage period, and can cause severe loss due to rot in the field and damage various plants such as rice, banana, flowers and the like. The symptoms of the disease are slightly different due to different host crops, different parts of plants and different environmental conditions. However, the affected part starts from the wound, when the soft and juicy tissue is affected, the tissue is initially soaked in water and semitransparent, the epidermis sinks and becomes brown, and the tissue of the affected part is immediately rotten, sticky, smooth and soft and rotten, and smelly. After the lesion spots appear for 1-2 days, the vascular bundles in the diseased part turn yellow to brown and rapidly spread to the stem and the root through the vascular bundles, so that the whole plant is attacked. In the early stage of disease, the outer leaves will wilt at noon and recover in the morning and evening, and the diseased outer leaves will not recover and fall to the ground along with the development of disease. At this point, the heart marrow at the base and rhizome of the petiole was filled with a grayish brown dope, since the base had decayed.
Canna edulis ker is a very potential starch crop which can be planted in mountainous and low places, Canna edulis is also called as Canna edulis, Canna edulis Canna, Sichuan and other areas, which are native to south america and other places of the banana family Canna genus, and has become a new raw material source of high-value starch in Asia, and is also a good raw material for brewing fermentation, food and feed processing. The canna starch has the advantages of large particle size, low gelatinization temperature, good paste transparency, high amylose content, good film forming property and large molecular weight, is close to that of potato starch, and has good application property. The development and utilization of canna edulis ker mainly uses starch production and develops starch deep-processing products and food items such as vermicelli and vermicelli. The canna edulis ker has wide adaptability, generally has fewer plant diseases and insect pests, and the diseases are mainly found to be bud rot, stem rot, virus diseases and rust diseases. However, bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker and its control have not been reported so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for preventing and treating the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding the canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety into seed balls;
(2) soaking the seedballs cultured in the step (1) in a disinfectant for disinfection, and then naturally airing to obtain disinfected seedballs;
(3) and (3) detecting the bacterial soft rot germs of the sterilized seed balls obtained in the step (2), and selecting the seed balls without the bacterial soft rot germs for planting.
The canna edulis ker disease-resistant varieties in the step (1) comprise canna edulis ker disease-resistant varieties GD9338, YN898 and GZH 032.
The disinfectant in the step (2) is 4.5% (w/w) of composite sodium chlorite 500-fold liquid, 88% of hygromycin soluble powder 3000-fold liquid, 53.8% of the disinfectant can be used for killing 2000-fold dry suspending agent 1000-fold liquid or 5% of bacteria toxin water clearing agent 300-fold liquid.
The soaking time in the step (2) is 60-120 minutes.
The detection in the step (3) can be carried out by adopting a conventional method for detecting bacterial soft rot; preferably, the rapid detection kit for canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is adopted for detection; the rapid detection kit for canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot pathogen comprises a PCR amplification primer and the like; the PCR amplification primers can be designed for the dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae.
The detection in the step (3) is sampling detection; preferably by the following method:
(A) extracting bacterial genome DNA: sampling the sterilized seed balls, and then extracting bacterial genome DNA in the sampled seed balls;
(B) and (3) PCR amplification: carrying out PCR amplification by taking the extracted bacterial genome DNA as a template, and carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on an amplification product;
(C) and (5) judging a result: and judging whether the seed balls have the bacterial soft rot germs or not according to the electrophoresis result, if the amplification bands appear, the seed balls have the bacterial soft rot germs, and if the amplification bands do not appear, the seed balls have no bacterial soft rot germs.
The sampling in step (A) is preferably performed at 2% of the total number of canna edulis ker plants.
The primer sequence of the PCR amplification in the step (B) is as follows:
dnaXf：5′-TATCAGGTYCTTGCCCGTAAGTGG-3′；
dnaXr：5′-TCGACATCCARCGCYTTGAGATG-3′；
recAf：5′-GGTAAAGGGTCTATCATGCG-3′；
recAr：5′-CCTTCACCATACATAATTTGGA-3′。
the method for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker further comprises the following steps after the step (3):
in the cultivation period, the disease condition investigation is enhanced, the diseased plant with canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is immediately removed, and the diseased plant and the canna edulis ker plant growing normally around the diseased plant are irrigated by using a disinfectant to prevent the disease from spreading; simultaneously, spraying all canna edulis ker plants with a disinfectant.
The disinfectant is 3000 times of 88% of a hydratase soluble powder, 53.8% of a 2000-time dry suspending agent can be killed to obtain 1000 times of a 2000-time dry suspending agent, or 5% of a 300-time bacteria toxin water clearing agent.
A method for identifying the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker comprises the following steps:
(I) extracting the bacterial genome DNA of canna edulis ker;
(II) carrying out PCR amplification by taking the extracted bacterial genome DNA as a template, and carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on an amplification product; wherein, the PCR amplification primer is a primer pair respectively designed aiming at dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae;
(III) if the electrophoresis result shows that amplified bands of dnaX and recA genes appear, identifying the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot.
The bacterial genomic DNA described in step (I) can be extracted by using a conventional commercially available bacterial genomic DNA extraction kit.
The nucleotide sequence of the primer described in step (II) is as follows:
dnaXf：5′-TATCAGGTYCTTGCCCGTAAGTGG-3′；
dnaXr：5′-TCGACATCCARCGCYTTGAGATG-3′；
recAf：5′-GGTAAAGGGTCTATCATGCG-3′；
recAr：5′-CCTTCACCATACATAATTTGGA-3′。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is identified and reported by the inventor for the first time, the disease part of the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is initially soaked in water and semitransparent, the rear epidermis is sunken and browned, the tissue of the disease part is decayed immediately, is sticky, smooth and soft rot, and emits foul smell; after the lesion spots appear for 1-2 days, the vascular bundles in the diseased part turn yellow to brown and rapidly spread to the stem and the root through the vascular bundles, so that the whole plant is attacked. The symptom of canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is characterized by yellowing of vascular bundles to brown. Or extracting sterilized bacterial genome DNA of diseased stem, performing PCR amplification, performing agarose gel electrophoresis on the amplification product, detecting whether the DNA carries dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae, and identifying the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker if dnaX and recA amplification bands appear.
2. The invention selects disease-resistant varieties GD9338, YN898 and GZH032, and screens effective medicaments of 4.5 percent of composite sodium chlorite and 88 percent of hydratase mycin soluble powder, thus obtaining 2000 dry suspending agent and bacteria-toxin water clearing agent. In addition, according to the disease characteristics of the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot, the invention integrates the comprehensive prevention and control technology of adopting disease-resistant varieties and healthy seed balls.
3. The method of the invention stops the transmission of pathogenic bacteria at the source, adopts healthy seed balls, reduces the usage amount of pesticides and prevents and treats non-point source pollution.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The reagents and methods employed in the present invention are conventional in the art, unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The canna edulis ker disease-resistant varieties GD9338, YN898 and GZH032 related to the invention can be purchased from plant protection research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Guangdong province.
The method identifies the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot for the first time, the disease part of the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot starts from the wound, the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is initially in a water immersion state and semitransparent, the rear epidermis sinks and becomes brown, the diseased tissue is immediately rotten, is in a sticky, smooth and soft rot state, and emits stink; after the lesion spots appear for 1-2 days, the vascular bundles in the diseased part turn yellow to brown and rapidly spread to the stem and the root through the vascular bundles, so that the whole plant is attacked. The symptom of canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is characterized by yellowing of vascular bundles to brown. The bacterial soft rot pathogen rapid detection kit can also be used for identification; the method specifically comprises the following steps: extracting DNA of disinfected diseased stems (the DNA can be extracted by adopting a conventional commercial bacterial genome DNA extraction kit), then carrying out PCR amplification, carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on the amplification product, detecting whether dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae exist or not, and identifying that the banana bacterial soft rot disease exists when dnaX and recA amplification bands appear. The primer sequences for amplifying dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae are as follows:
dnaXf：5′-TATCAGGTYCTTGCCCGTAAGTGG-3′；
dnaXr：5′-TCGACATCCARCGCYTTGAGATG-3′；
recAf：5′-GGTAAAGGGTCTATCATGCG-3′；
recAr：5′-CCTTCACCATACATAATTTGGA-3′。
example 1
A method for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety GD9338, and culturing the canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety GD9338 into a seed ball.
(2) Soaking seed balls in 500 times of a solution of 4.5 percent (by weight) of composite sodium chlorite (produced by Kangda disinfectant Co., Ltd., New rural City, Henan) for 60 minutes, and then naturally airing and planting the seed balls; detecting the sterilized seed balls: the rapid detection kit for the canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot pathogen (produced by plant protection research institute of agricultural academy of sciences, Guangdong province) can be used for detecting whether the seed balls have the bacterial soft rot pathogen; the method specifically comprises the following steps: extracting the DNA of the sterilized seed balls (the DNA can be extracted by adopting a conventional commercial bacterial genome DNA extraction kit), then carrying out PCR amplification, carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on the amplification product, and detecting whether the seed balls have the germs of the bacterial soft rot, wherein if the seed balls have the germs, amplification bands can appear, and otherwise, no amplification bands exist. Sampling (2% of the total number of plants), and checking that no seed balls with bacteria can be planted; wherein, the primers used for PCR amplification are dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae, and the sequences of the primers are as follows:
dnaXf：5′-TATCAGGTYCTTGCCCGTAAGTGG-3′；
dnaXr：5′-TCGACATCCARCGCYTTGAGATG-3′；
recAf：5′-GGTAAAGGGTCTATCATGCG-3′；
recAr：5′-CCTTCACCATACATAATTTGGA-3′。
(3) in the cultivation period, the field is checked frequently, the disease condition investigation is enhanced, the diseased plant with bacterial soft rot is immediately removed, and the 1000-time solution of 2000 dry suspending agent is used for irrigating the diseased plant and the canna plant which normally grows around the diseased plant by 53.8 percent killable, so that the disease is prevented from spreading; when diseases are just discovered (the disease incidence of the plants is less than 1%), 53.8 percent of the dry suspending agent can kill 2000 plants which are sprayed by 1000 times.
(4) The incidence of the plants is investigated and the control effect is calculated in the harvest period by taking the canna plants in the area which is daily managed (i.e. no control measures are carried out) by local farmers as a reference; wherein:
the disease incidence rate of the plants is multiplied by 100 percent;
the control effect is (incidence rate of disease in control area-incidence rate of plants in control area)/incidence rate of disease in control area x 100%.
(5) As a result: as shown in the following table 1, the disease incidence rate of the disease plants is 5% by adopting the method, the disease incidence rate of a control area (daily control by local farmers) is 48%, and the control effect reaches 89.6%; the yield is increased by 23.5 percent.
Table 1 example 1 controlling effect on diseases
Example 2
A method for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety YN898, and culturing the canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety YN898 into a seed ball.
(2) 3000 times of solution of 88% of chloramphenicol hydrate soluble powder is selected to soak the seed balls for 120 minutes, and the disinfected seed balls can be detected by a rapid detection kit for canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot (produced by plant protection research institute of academy of agricultural sciences of Guangdong province); the method specifically comprises the following steps: sampling the seed balls (2% of the total number of plants) after soaking and disinfection, extracting DNA of the seed balls for PCR amplification, carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on amplification products, and detecting whether the seed balls have bacterial soft rot germs, wherein if the seed balls have the bacterial soft rot germs, amplification bands can appear, and if not, the amplification bands do not exist. Through sampling detection, no seed ball with bacteria can be planted; wherein, the primers used for PCR amplification are dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae, and the sequences of the primers are as follows:
dnaXf：5′-TATCAGGTYCTTGCCCGTAAGTGG-3′；
dnaXr：5′-TCGACATCCARCGCYTTGAGATG-3′；
recAf：5′-GGTAAAGGGTCTATCATGCG-3′；
recAr：5′-CCTTCACCATACATAATTTGGA-3′。
(3) in the cultivation period, the field is checked frequently, the disease condition investigation is enhanced, the diseased plant with bacterial soft rot is immediately removed, 3000 times of liquid of 88% chloramphenicol hydrate soluble powder is used for irrigating the diseased plant and the canna edulis ker healthy plant which normally grows around the diseased plant, and the disease spread is prevented; at the initial stage of disease (when disease is just discovered, i.e. the incidence of the plant is less than 1%), all plants are sprayed 3000 times with 88% chloramphenicol water soluble powder.
(4) The incidence of disease and the prevention and treatment effect are investigated and calculated in the harvest period by taking canna plants in the area which is daily managed (i.e. no prevention and treatment measures are carried out) by local farmers as a reference; wherein:
the disease incidence rate of the plants is multiplied by 100 percent;
the control effect is (incidence rate of disease in control area-incidence rate of plants in control area)/incidence rate of disease in control area x 100%.
(5) As a result: as shown in the following table 2, the disease incidence rate is 4.5% by adopting the method, the disease incidence rate in a control area (an area without control) is 50%, the control effect reaches 91.0%, and the yield is increased by 25%.
Table 2 control effect of example 2 on diseases
Example 3
A method for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety GZH032, and culturing the canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety into seed balls.
(2) Soaking the seedball for 100 minutes by using 300 times of solution of 5% of bacteria and toxin water remover; the sterilized seed balls can be detected by a rapid detection kit (produced by plant protection research institute of academy of agricultural sciences, Guangdong province) for canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot; the method specifically comprises the following steps: sampling the seed balls (2% of the total number of plants) after soaking and disinfection, extracting DNA of the seed balls for PCR amplification, carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on amplification products, and detecting whether the seed balls have bacterial soft rot germs, wherein if the seed balls have the bacterial soft rot germs, amplification bands can appear, and if not, the amplification bands do not exist. Through sampling detection, no seed ball with bacteria can be planted; wherein, the primers used for PCR amplification are dnaX and recA genes of Dickeya zeae, and the sequences of the primers are as follows:
dnaXf：5′-TATCAGGTYCTTGCCCGTAAGTGG-3′；
dnaXr：5′-TCGACATCCARCGCYTTGAGATG-3′；
recAf：5′-GGTAAAGGGTCTATCATGCG-3′；
recAr：5′-CCTTCACCATACATAATTTGGA-3′。
(3) in the cultivation period, the field is checked frequently, the disease condition investigation is enhanced, the diseased plant with the bacterial soft rot is immediately removed, and the diseased plant and the canna plant which normally grows around the diseased plant are irrigated by liquid medicine (300 times of 5% of bacteria toxin water remover) to prevent the disease from spreading; in the initial disease stage (when diseases are just discovered, namely the disease incidence rate of the strains is less than 1%), 300 times of solution of 5% of bacteria toxin water remover is sprayed.
(4) The incidence of disease and the prevention and treatment effect are investigated and calculated in the harvest period by taking canna plants in the area which is daily managed (i.e. no prevention and treatment measures) by local farmers as a reference; wherein:
the disease incidence rate of the plants is multiplied by 100 percent;
the control effect is (incidence rate of disease in control area-incidence rate of plants in control area)/incidence rate of disease in control area x 100%.
(5) As a result: as shown in the following table 3, the disease incidence rate is 3.5% by adopting the method, the disease incidence rate in a control area (an area without control) is 49%, the control effect reaches 92.8%, and the yield is increased by 26.6%. See table 1 for details.
Table 3 control effect of example 3 on diseases
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Sequence listing
<110> institute for plant protection of academy of agricultural sciences of Guangdong province
<120> method for preventing and treating bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker
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<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
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<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> dnaXf
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tatcaggtyc ttgcccgtaa gtgg 24
<210> 2
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<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
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tcgacatcca rcgcyttgag atg 23
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<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
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<223> recA f
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ggtaaagggt ctatcatgcg 20
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<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
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ccttcaccat acataatttg ga 22
Claims (7)
1. The method for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) breeding the canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety into seed balls;
(2) soaking the seedballs cultured in the step (1) in a disinfectant for disinfection, and then naturally airing to obtain disinfected seedballs;
(3) detecting bacterial soft rot germs on the sterilized seed balls obtained in the step (2), and selecting seed balls without bacterial soft rot germs for planting;
the detection in the step (3) is realized by the following method:
(A) extracting bacterial genome DNA: sampling the sterilized seed balls, and then extracting bacterial genome DNA in the sampled seed balls;
(B) and (3) PCR amplification: carrying out PCR amplification by taking the extracted bacterial genome DNA as a template, and carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis on an amplification product;
(C) and (5) judging a result: judging whether the seed balls have the bacterial soft rot germs or not according to the electrophoresis result, if the amplification bands appear, the seed balls are the seed balls with the bacterial soft rot germs, otherwise, the seed balls are the seed balls without the bacterial soft rot germs if the amplification bands do not appear;
the primer sequences for PCR amplification described in step (B) are as follows:
dnaXf： 5′-TATCAGGTYCTTGCCCGTAAGTGG-3′；
dnaXr ：5′-TCGACATCCARCGCYTTGAGATG-3′；
recA f ：5′-GGTAAAGGGTCTATCATGCG-3′；
recAr： 5′-CCTTCACCATACATAATTTGGA-3′。
2. the method for controlling bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the disinfectant in the step (2) is 4.5% w/w of composite sodium chlorite 500-fold liquid, 88% hygromycin soluble powder 3000-fold liquid, 53.8% can be killed to obtain 2000 times of dry suspending agent 1000-fold liquid, or 5% of bacteria toxin water remover 300-fold liquid.
3. The method for controlling bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety in the step (1) is a canna edulis ker disease-resistant variety GD9338, YN898 or GZH 032.
4. The method for controlling bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the soaking time in the step (2) is 60-120 minutes.
5. The method for controlling bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the sampling in the step (A) is performed according to 2 percent of the total number of canna edulis ker plants.
6. The method for controlling the bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following step after step (3):
in the cultivation period, the disease condition investigation is enhanced, the diseased plant with canna edulis ker bacterial soft rot is immediately removed, and the diseased plant and the canna edulis ker plant growing normally around the diseased plant are irrigated by using a disinfectant to prevent the disease from spreading; simultaneously, spraying all canna edulis ker plants with a disinfectant.
7. The method for controlling bacterial soft rot of canna edulis ker according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the disinfectant is 3000 times of 88% of a hydratase soluble powder, 53.8% of a 2000-time dry suspending agent can be killed to obtain 1000 times of a 2000-time dry suspending agent, or 5% of a 300-time bacteria toxin water clearing agent.
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| 旱藕新品种"南藕一号"高产栽培技术;姚冬美等;《广西农学报》;20160820;第31卷(第4期);摘要、第60页右栏第1行至第61页右栏第21行 * |
| 香蕉细菌性软腐病菌的致病性和遗传分化及不同生长期粉蕉抗性的研究;陈康;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20131215(第12期);第9页第1行至第10页第8行 * |
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