CN109180099A - It is a kind of for pouring the concrete material, additive and application method of pier stud - Google Patents
It is a kind of for pouring the concrete material, additive and application method of pier stud Download PDFInfo
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- CN109180099A CN109180099A CN201811075420.0A CN201811075420A CN109180099A CN 109180099 A CN109180099 A CN 109180099A CN 201811075420 A CN201811075420 A CN 201811075420A CN 109180099 A CN109180099 A CN 109180099A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
Abstract
The application method of the concrete material, additive and concrete material that the present invention relates to a kind of for pouring pier stud.Concrete material for pouring pier stud includes the material of following parts by weight: 80~120 parts of portland cement, 350~420 parts of stone, 220~280 parts of sand, 2~26 parts of additive；40~120 parts of water, wherein the additive includes the material of following parts by weight: 10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite, 1~5 part of zeolite powder, 1~5 part of flaxen fiber.The present invention is by using additive, can be by preferable presentation quality so that mixed mud is for when pouring large-scale pier stud, phenomena such as effectively avoiding the occurrence of isolation, cracking, honeycomb, pitted skin, cavity and bubble.It can be used for the concrete material of the pier studs such as bridge, high-speed rail, overpass, mixing together with reinforcing bar also has effects that antidetonation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for pouring the concrete material, additive and its application method of pier stud, belongs to Building wood
Expect technical field.
Background technique
Pier stud, i.e., for carrying the lower part load-bearing material of superstructure in civil engineering.Pier stud section is mostly circle, is also had
The opposite sex pier stud such as oval, rectangular, curved shape, parabola shaped.In the bridges such as highway bridge, railway bridge, pavement, viaduct, circle
Component part is important in the engineerings such as bridge, overline bridge.
Important component of the pier stud as bridge, railway bridge, overpass etc., appearance and quality are all to bridge entirety
Stability generates far-reaching influence.Pier stud generally uses concrete and reinforcing bar to prepare, and concrete refers to aggregate by cementitious material
The general designation of cementing integral engineered composite material.The concrete usually said, which refers to, makees cementitious material, sand, masonry bone with cement
Material；Cooperate by a certain percentage with water (additive or admixture can be contained), it is agitated obtained by cement concrete, also referred to as common coagulation
Soil, the proportion relation of concrete the quality problems of concrete, the more use concerning performances such as the resistance to compression of science of bridge building, antidetonations,
Therefore the proportion for getting hold of concrete, is of great significance to the quality of science of bridge building.Existing concrete is general
It is using cement, fine aggregate such as fine sand, coarse aggregate such as stone, admixture such as lime etc., water.Concrete material matches materials not
Properly, it can make after pier stud demoulding, often will appear cracking, honeycomb, pitted skin, cavity and bubble phenomenon, on the one hand, will affect
The appearance of bridge pier column；On the other hand, the stability of pier stud is also allowed to be had a greatly reduced quality.The reason of cracking, is mainly due in concrete
The higher temperature in portion forms the phenomenon that honeycombing is due to concrete structure isolation, affects bridge pier column to a certain extent
Construction effect, and pitted skin, cavity and bubble are then caused by concrete bleed.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to solve the above problem of the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of concrete material for pouring pier stud and its
Additive can effectively avoid pier stud and phenomena such as cracking, honeycomb, pitted skin, cavity and bubble occurs.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the main technical schemes that the present invention uses include:
It is a kind of for pouring the concrete material of pier stud, the material comprising following parts by weight: portland cement 80~120
Part, 350~420 parts of stone, 220~280 parts of sand, 2~26 parts of additive；40~120 parts of water.
Preferably, 100 parts of portland cement, 250 parts of sand, 385 parts of stone, 60 parts of water, 8 parts of additive.
Wherein, the additive includes the material of following parts by weight: 10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, flyash 50~70
Part, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite, 1~5 part of zeolite powder, 1~5 part of flaxen fiber.
Preferably, 15 parts of lignosulfonates, 62 parts of flyash, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, 1 part of sodium nitrite, 3 parts of zeolite powder, fiber crops
3 parts of fiber.
Preferably, the lignosulfonates include in sodium lignin sulfonate, potassium lignosulfonate or calcium lignosulfonate
At least one.
Wherein, the portland cement is the portland cement that strength grade is not less than 42.5.
Wherein, the partial size of the stone is 10~20mm, and sand is middle sand or fine sand, the partial size of the fine sand be 0.25mm~
0.125mm, the partial size of the middle sand are 0.5mm~0.25mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of for pouring the application method of the concrete material of pier stud, includes the following steps:
S1, portland cement, stone, sand, additive that above scheme limits ratio are added in blender, are uniformly stirred
Mix 1~3min；
S2, into blender be added above scheme additive and water 70%, stir 3~5min；
S3, the water for being added remaining 30% into blender again, stir 2~3min.
Preferably,
S1, portland cement, stone, additive that above scheme limits ratio are added in blender, uniform stirring
2min；
S2, the 70% of above scheme additive and water is added into blender, stirs 4min；
S3, the water for being added remaining 30% into blender again, stir 2min.
The present invention also provides a kind of for pouring the concrete admixture of pier stud, the material including following parts by weight: wooden
10~20 parts of plain sulfonate, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite, 1~5 part of zeolite powder, fiber crops
1~5 part of fiber；
Preferably, 15 parts of lignosulfonates, 60 parts of flyash, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, 0.5 part of sodium nitrite, 3 parts of zeolite powder,
3 parts of flaxen fiber.
Wherein, the length of the flaxen fiber is 6~10mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of above-mentioned concrete admixture for being used to pour pier stud, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
S1, by 10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, sodium nitrite 0.5~2
5~10min is stirred in part addition blender；
S2,10~18min will be stirred in 1~5 part of 1~5 part of zeolite powder, flaxen fiber addition blender.
Preferably, S1, by 15 parts of lignosulfonates, 62 parts of flyash, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, sodium nitrite 1 part of addition stirring
8min is stirred in machine；
S2,15min will be stirred in 3 parts of 3 parts of zeolite powder, flaxen fiber addition blenders.
(3) beneficial effect
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It, can be by preferable outer when for pouring large-scale pier stud provided by the present invention for pouring the concrete material of pier stud
Appearance quality, phenomena such as effectively avoiding the occurrence of isolation, cracking, honeycomb, pitted skin, cavity and bubble.It can be used for bridge, high-speed rail, overhead
The concrete material of the pier studs such as bridge, mixing together with reinforcing bar also has effects that antidetonation.
Concrete admixture provided by the present invention for pouring pier stud has ultra-dispersed portland cement, improves silicate
Cementing performance improves the phenomenon that isolation, reduces the functions such as inside concrete temperature and pressure, can give full play to the gel of cement material
Performance, the dosage of additive can reduce portland cement dosage, realize that concrete self-compaction contains with low under silicate material dosage
Tolerance matched design solves concrete and the problems such as cracking, honeycomb, pitted skin, cavity and bubble easily occurs.
Zeolite powder has the workability for improving concrete material to concrete and improves mixed in additive used in the present invention
The effect of solidifying soil intensity.The zeolite powder of addition can also make concrete material have can pass through conveyance conduit, do not block, not from
Analysis, the good performance of visco-plasticity.The incorporation of sodium nitrite and calcium nitrate in additive can also prevent pier stud inside concrete
The corrosion of reinforcing bar, mainly sodium nitrite and calcium nitrate can promote rebar surface to form fine and close protective film.Lignin sulfonic acid
The effects of salt can reduce the use of water, and material is enable to be uniformly dispersed, and improve concrete workability, prevent cracking.Flaxen fiber
Addition, do not isolated in whipping process and transportational process after concrete material being made to add water.The use of flyash reduces silicon
The dosage of acid salt cement.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, in order to understand, below by specific embodiment, present invention work is retouched in detail
It states.
Embodiment 1
In the R&D process of the concrete admixture for pouring pier stud of the invention, the ratio of each ingredient is adjusted
Section, representational ratio are as follows:
| Lignosulfonates | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| Calcium nitrate | 1 | 1 | 4.5 | 2 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1.5 | 5 | 5.5 |
| Sodium nitrite | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 2 | 2.2 |
| Zeolite powder | 0.5 | 1 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 1 | 3.5 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
| Flaxen fiber | 0.5 | 1 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Flyash | 45 | 50 | 54 | 56 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 64 | 66 | 68 | 53 | 70 | 72 |
It by comparative experiments many times, verifies, is found when selecting each ingredient of following ratio repeatedly:
10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite, boiling
1~5 part of mountain flour, 1~5 part of flaxen fiber.
Concrete admixture of the invention can reach desired effect, can effective disperse silicic acid salt cement, raising cement gel
Performance is tied, improves the phenomenon that isolation, reduce the effects of inside concrete temperature and pressure, portland cement can be reduced when flyash is added
Dosage, effectively save cost.When additive is added without lignosulfonates, required water is than being added lignosulfonates
Water consumption more 20%.Lignosulfonates, which are added, can also reduce the temperature and pressure of inside concrete.
Preferred embodiment are as follows:
10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite, boiling
1~5 part of mountain flour, 1~5 part of flaxen fiber.Wherein, sodium lignin sulfonate, potassium lignosulfonate or wood can be selected in lignosulfonates
Any or any two or three of mixing in quality sulfoacid calcium.
When selecting each ingredient of following ratio, the effect of concrete admixture of the invention is best:
15 parts of lignosulfonates, 62 parts of flyash, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, 1 part of sodium nitrite, 3 parts of zeolite powder, flaxen fiber 3
Part.
In addition, the flaxen fiber length is 6~10mm, it is preferred that flaxen fiber length is 7~8mm.The length of flaxen fiber
More than 10mm, or shorter than 6mm, have slight segregation phenomenon.
Embodiment 2
In the R&D process of the concrete material for pouring pier stud of the invention, the ratio of each ingredient is adjusted, is had
Representative ratio is as follows:
It by comparative experiments many times, verifies, is found when selecting each ingredient of following ratio repeatedly:
80~120 parts of portland cement, 350~420 parts of stone, 220~280 parts of sand, 2~26 parts of additive；Water 40~
120 parts.Concrete for pouring pier stud of the invention can reach desired effect, that is, the performance of concrete column confined prepared does not have out
It splits, honeycomb, pitted skin, cavity and phenomena such as bubble, also there is preferable anti-seismic performance.
Preferred scheme are as follows:
90-110 parts of portland cement, 370~415 parts of stone, 220~280 parts of sand, 2~26 parts of additive；Water 40~
120 parts.
When selecting each ingredient of following ratio, the effect of the concrete material for pouring pier stud of the invention is best:
100 parts of portland cement, 250 parts of sand, 385 parts of stone, 60 parts of water, 8 parts of additive.
In addition, portland cement is the portland cement that strength grade is not less than 42.5, it is preferred that strength grade is not less than
52.5.The partial size of stone is 10~20mm, it is preferred that sand is middle sand or fine sand, the partial size of the fine sand be 0.25mm~
0.125mm, the partial size of the middle sand are 0.5mm~0.25mm.Most preferably middle sand.
Embodiment 3
A variety of method preparations can be used in concrete admixture, and if any whole mixing, stirring, batch mixed, separately adds stirring
Adding, the present inventor passes through numerous experiments, and lignosulfonates, flyash, sodium nitrite are first mixed, stirred by discovery, then
Be added zeolite powder, flaxen fiber stirring, concrete admixture obtained and by its prepare concrete effect it is best.
Specific steps are as follows:
S1, by 10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, sodium nitrite 0.5~2
5~10min is stirred in part addition blender；
Wherein, each component ratio can be adjusted in the range of respective limit, and mixing time can become between 5-10min
Change.
S2,10~18min will be stirred in 1~5 part of 1~5 part of zeolite powder, flaxen fiber addition blender.
Wherein, each component ratio can be adjusted in the range of respective limit, and mixing time can be between 10-18min
Variation.
Preferred scheme are as follows:
S1,10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite
It is added in blender and stirs 5~10min；
S2,10~18min will be stirred in 1~5 part of 1~5 part of zeolite powder, flaxen fiber addition blender.
Preferred plan are as follows:
S1, it will be stirred in 1 part of 15 parts of lignosulfonates, 62 parts of flyash, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, sodium nitrite addition blender
Mix 8min；
S2,15min will be stirred in 3 parts of 3 parts of zeolite powder, flaxen fiber addition blenders.
Embodiment 4
It is a kind of for pouring the application method of the concrete material of pier stud, include the following steps:
S1, portland cement, stone, sand, additive that above scheme limits ratio are added in blender, are uniformly stirred
Mix 1~3min；
S2,70% water that above scheme limits ratio is added into blender, stirs 3~5min；
S3, the water for being added remaining 30% into blender again stir 2~3min；
Preferably,
S1, portland cement, stone, additive that above scheme limits ratio are added in blender, uniform stirring
2min；
S2,70% water that above scheme limits ratio is added into blender, stirs 4min；
S3, the water for being added remaining 30% into blender again stir 2min.
Now for example, being used to pour the operating process when specific implementation of pier stud.
Steel form is horizontally arranged, by steel plate sundries and rust clean out, release agent is uniformly brushed in steel form
Inner surface stands for 24 hours, parches to release agent；By 100 parts of portland cement, 385 parts of stone, 250 parts of middle sand, 8 parts of additive are pressed
Weight ratio is added in blender, uniform stirring 3min；42 parts of water is added into blender, stirs 5min；Again to blender
It is middle that remaining 18 parts of water is added, stir 2min；The slump of concrete after test stirring is 150~170mm；It is therein additional
The ratio in the preferred embodiment in embodiment 1 can be used in agent, wherein lignosulfonates are using sodium lignin sulfonate.
Steel reinforcement cage model inner frame is built with reinforcing bar, the steel form after parching is assembled in the periphery of steel reinforcement cage inner frame,
Form model outer framework, outer framework points three layers, every layer uses four pieces of steel form assembly, the height of every layer of steel form be respectively 2m,
2m, 1m are fixed with bolt between adjacent steel form, are bonded at steel form seam using double-sided adhesive tape, with crane and labor mix
Mode by frame erect come；The concrete that front mixes is put in storage in such a way that slush pump pump line end connects conduit,
Conduit feed opening is lower than concrete upper surface 10cm, and every layer concrete blanking is with a thickness of 40cm, the package braiding of the stick that will vibrate body
Bag is vibrated using 6 60 internal vibration sticks of Φ using flush type mode, and spacing of vibrating is 40cm, vibrating time 25s, directly
Starting bleeding to concrete surface, then carries out second layer concreting, it is uninterrupted to pour process during concreting, until
Concreting is fully completed.
It is conserved by way of shining water after the completion of concreting, after 80h is completed in concreting, loosens fixed steel
The bolt of template, steel form are removed using top-down mode piecemeal.
It after the completion of concrete steel formwork is removed, sprinkles water from concrete side, concrete is moistened, then carried out with film covering
Closed protective, during concrete conserves again, it is ensured that concrete surface is wet, and the sprinkling maintenance time is 7 days.
The performance of concrete column confined as made from above-mentioned concrete construction method, pier stud any surface finish, surface are not cracked, are not had
Point, no bubble do not have phenomena such as honeycomb.
As comparative example, in no concrete material that additive is added, the slump after stirring is 110mm；Mixed mud
Soil material is used to pour pier stud, the performance of concrete column confined of acquisition using aforesaid operations, and pier bottom has small gap, locally there is bubble and fiber crops
Point.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limitation for doing other forms to the present invention, appoint
What those skilled in the art can use the equivalence enforcement that technology contents disclosed above were changed or be modified as equivalent variations
Example.But without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to the above embodiments
What simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling, still falls within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for pouring the concrete material of pier stud, which is characterized in that it includes the materials of following parts by weight: silicate cement
80~120 parts of mud, 350~420 parts of stone, 220~280 parts of sand, 2~26 parts of additive；40~120 parts of water.
2. concrete material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the additive includes the material of following parts by weight:
10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite, zeolite powder 1~5
Part, 1~5 part of flaxen fiber.
3. concrete material as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that 100 parts of the portland cement, the stone 385
Part, 250 parts of the sand, 8 parts of the additive, 60 parts of the water.
4. concrete material as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the lignosulfonates include lignin sulfonic acid
At least one of sodium, potassium lignosulfonate or calcium lignosulfonate.
5. concrete material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the portland cement is not less than for strength grade
42.5 portland cement.
6. concrete material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the partial size of the stone is 10~20mm, during sand is
Sand or fine sand, the partial size of the fine sand are 0.25mm~0.125mm, and the partial size of the middle sand is 0.5mm~0.25mm.
7. it is a kind of for pouring the application method of the concrete material of pier stud, include the following steps:
S1, it will be added in blender such as portland cement of any of claims 1-6, stone, sand, uniform stirring
1~3min；
S2, the 70% of the additive as described in any one of claim 1-6 and water is added into blender, stirs 3~5min；
S3, the water for being added remaining 30% into blender again, stir 2~3min.
8. a kind of for pouring the concrete admixture of pier stud, which is characterized in that the material including following parts by weight: sulfomethylated lignin
10~20 parts of hydrochlorate, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite, 1~5 part of zeolite powder and fiber crops are fine
1~5 part of dimension.
9. concrete admixture as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that 15 parts of the lignosulfonates, the fine coal
Grey 62 parts, 3 parts of the calcium nitrate, 1 part of the sodium nitrite, 3 parts of the zeolite powder, 3 parts of the flaxen fiber, the flaxen fiber
Length is 6~10mm.
10. a kind of preparation method of the concrete admixture as described in claim 8 or 9, which comprises the steps of:
S1,10~20 parts of lignosulfonates, 50~70 parts of flyash, 1~5 part of calcium nitrate, 0.5~2 part of sodium nitrite are added
Enter 5~10min of stirring in blender；
S2,10~18min will be stirred in 1~5 part of 1~5 part of zeolite powder, flaxen fiber addition blender.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811075420.0A CN109180099A (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | It is a kind of for pouring the concrete material, additive and application method of pier stud |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811075420.0A CN109180099A (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | It is a kind of for pouring the concrete material, additive and application method of pier stud |
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| CN109180099A true CN109180099A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
Family
ID=64911391
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811075420.0A Pending CN109180099A (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | It is a kind of for pouring the concrete material, additive and application method of pier stud |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114046047A (en) * | 2021-11-13 | 2022-02-15 | 贵州建工集团第一建筑工程有限责任公司 | Energy-saving concrete pouring method for reducing concrete vibration pitted surface |
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| CN1654406A (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2005-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | Lignins metro shield grouting additive and its preparation method |
| JP2007261884A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout composition, mortar or concrete and grout material using it |
| CN106927739A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-07-07 | 广西南宁嘉泰水泥制品有限公司 | A kind of artificial sand concrete for improving pump-conveying property |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1099090A (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1995-02-22 | 北京市石景山区华泰化学品公司 | Frostbite preventing agent for non-alkali concrete |
| CN1654406A (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2005-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | Lignins metro shield grouting additive and its preparation method |
| JP2007261884A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout composition, mortar or concrete and grout material using it |
| CN106927739A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-07-07 | 广西南宁嘉泰水泥制品有限公司 | A kind of artificial sand concrete for improving pump-conveying property |
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| 李忠正主编: "《植物纤维资源化学》", 30 June 2012, 中国轻工业出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114046047A (en) * | 2021-11-13 | 2022-02-15 | 贵州建工集团第一建筑工程有限责任公司 | Energy-saving concrete pouring method for reducing concrete vibration pitted surface |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |