CN109176773B - Nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109176773B
CN109176773B CN201811072523.1A CN201811072523A CN109176773B CN 109176773 B CN109176773 B CN 109176773B CN 201811072523 A CN201811072523 A CN 201811072523A CN 109176773 B CN109176773 B CN 109176773B
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powder
copper oxide
nano copper
reed
composite material
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CN109176773A (en
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吴庆定
刘俊怀
袁建
李佩
何玉琴
刘克非
张红
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/20—Compounds of alkali metals or ammonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/36—Aliphatic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/50—Mixtures of different organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/0005—Cryogenic treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B27K9/005—Reed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B27K9/007—Straw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/06—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood powder or sawdust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/08—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood fibres, e.g. produced by tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/06—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by burning or charring, e.g. cutting with hot wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2200/00—Wooden materials to be treated
    • B27K2200/10—Articles made of particles or fibres consisting of wood or other lignocellulosic material

Abstract

The invention discloses a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material and a preparation method thereof. The nanometer copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material is prepared from five components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 20-30% of wheat straw coarse powder, 10-20% of reed fiber, 10-15% of nano copper oxide powder and-4000.5-3% of polyethylene glycol. The preparation method comprises eight steps of pennisetum micro-powder preparation, wheat straw coarse powder preparation, reed fiber preparation, material preparation, wood alloy powder preparation, material mixing, hot die pressing forming and deep cooling treatment. The preparation method comprehensively applies the interdisciplinary material forming theories of powder metallurgy and powder engineering, composite material and engineering, wood science and technology and the like, and innovating the forming technology and method of the wood composite material.

Description

Nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new materials, and particularly relates to a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
From the climate change frame convention of the environmental and development meeting of the united nations at about Hot Neolu 1 in Brazil in 1992 to the climate change frame convention of the world meeting at 21 st in Paris in France in 2015 through the Paris convention, arrangements are made for the global action of dealing with climate change after 2020, and then to the Paris convention approved by the United states in Hangzhou G20 Peak meeting in 2016, endless thinking and jack burden are left for resource, environment and material science and technology workers while the ' world economy of innovation, vitality, linkage and accommodation ' is constructed '. On one hand, the human beings have reached a wild step of developing and predating forest, petroleum and mineral resources; on the other hand, environmental pollution, climate deterioration and secondary disasters caused by disorder cutting and disorder cutting of forests and disorder digging of petroleum and mineral reserves can cause people to be frightened and completely eaten. People are then beginning to consider how to reduce the dependence on forests, petroleum and mineral resources. As a biomass material scientist, a theory, technology and industrialization system for preparing a strengthening and toughening wood composite material by constructing high-value clean and utilizing cheap carbon sink resources such as bamboo and wood residues, crop straws, fast-growing grass and the like is built, a green manufacturing economic growth point is created, the carbon fixing period of the cheap carbon sink resources is prolonged, and accordingly negative growth of greenhouse gas emission is realized.
The utilization ways of resources such as cheap herbaceous plants, crop straws and the like are many. The traditional utilization method mainly comprises incineration, feed conversion, fertilizer conversion, basification, paper making, artificial board production and the like, so that the problems of environmental pollution and low resource consumption are very obvious; therefore, since the 70 s of the last century, various countries in the world have paid high attention to the energy regeneration and ecological transformation of various cheap carbon sink resources, extraction of active ingredients, preparation of biomass engineering materials and the like.
However, many problems need to be solved to really achieve high-value clean utilization of cheap carbon sink resources. For example, the artificial board is taken as a typical representative of biomass engineering materials, the environmental protection problem still exists when the artificial board is used as furniture/building materials, and beautiful textures, natural colors and weather resistance of natural wood are not needed to be improved; when used as mechanical engineering material, the material has low mechanical performance, insufficient hydrophobic function, poor heat resistance, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a wood composite material with high mechanical properties, green technical properties, all-weather use environment, and warm, moist and elegant vision.
The inventor of the present invention has made a lot of work on the strengthening and toughening (especially particle strengthening and dispersion strengthening) of the wood composite material. The method takes cheap carbon sink resources as base materials, and carries out preliminary discussion on enhancement factor screening, forming process optimization, performance and structure characterization, construction of constitutive equations in the forming process and the like, and achieves certain progress. The nano copper oxide dispersed and uniformly distributed in the wood powder matrix is reduced into elemental copper in situ under the high-energy ball milling, mixing and warm-pressing forming environments, and is in tack welding with wood powder particles, and the prepared wood composite material is compact, tough and soft, has mild texture, and has a huge application prospect in the aspects of elegant artware, garden engineering, mechanical equipment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material which is prepared from five components, wherein the prepared wood composite material has bronze-like metallic luster, the specific gravity of the material is only 15-17% of bronze, the static bending strength of the material is more than or equal to 120MPa, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the material is more than or equal to 50dB, the water absorption of the material is less than or equal to 1.5%, the friction coefficient of the material is 0.15-0.2, and the material is compact, tough and soft, has mild texture, has huge application prospect in the aspects of elegant artware, garden engineering, mechanical equipment and the like, and can also be used in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, mechanical building, civil construction and.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the nanometer copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material is characterized by being prepared from five components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 20-30% of wheat straw coarse powder, 10-20% of reed fiber, 10-15% of nano copper oxide powder and-4000.5-3% of polyethylene glycol.
Preferably, the components are respectively as follows by mass percent: 45% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 26% of wheat straw coarse powder, 14% of reed fiber, 13% of nano copper oxide powder and 2% of polyethylene glycol-4002%.
The particle size of the pennisetum micro powder is 45-75 mu m, and the water content is 12% -15%.
The wheat straw coarse powder is obtained by adopting the following steps: soaking wheat straws in 3-5% NaOH solution for 15-24 h at 40-60 ℃ environment temperature, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 20-30%, and crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with the particle size of 425-850 mu m and the water content of 15-20%.
The reed fiber is obtained by adopting the following steps: cutting reed stalks into 4-6 mm small sections, soaking the small sections for 15-24 h in a 3-5% NaOH solution at the ambient temperature of 40-60 ℃, and rinsing and drying the small sections to reduce the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the ambient temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 1-3 h, and rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; the treated reed stems are crushed and sieved to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 4-6 mm, and the water content is adjusted to 15% -20%.
The nano copper oxide powder is prepared from CuCl2·2H2Mixing analytically pure powder of O and NaOH according to a molar ratio of 1:2, and grinding at room temperature for 30-60 min to obtain the product, wherein the granularity is 30-40 nm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%.
The preparation method of the nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparation of pennisetum micro powder: taking pennisetum alopecuroides, removing impurities, drying in the sun, chopping, drying, and then carrying out coarse crushing, fine crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding and screening on the pennisetum alopecuroides by using a straw crusher, a bran grinder and a flour mill to prepare micro powder, wherein the particle size of the micro powder is 45-75 mu m, and the water content is 12-15%;
step 2, preparing wheat straw coarse powder: taking sun-dried and mildew-free wheat straws, firstly soaking the wheat straws in a 3-5% NaOH solution for 15-24 h at the ambient temperature of 40-60 ℃, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 20-30%, and crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with the particle size of 425-850 mu m and the water content of 15-20%;
step 3, preparation of reed fibers: taking sun-dried and mildew-free reed stalks, firstly cutting the reed stalks into 4-6 mm small sections, soaking the reed stalks in a 3-5% NaOH solution for 15-24 h at the ambient temperature of 40-60 ℃, and rinsing and drying the reed stalks to reduce the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the ambient temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 1-3 h, and rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; crushing and sieving the treated reed stems to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 4-6 mm, and adjusting the water content to 15% -20%;
step 4, batching: taking the pennisetum micro powder obtained in the step 1-3, wheat straw coarse powder, reed fiber, nano copper oxide powder and polyethylene glycol-400, so that the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 40 to 50 percent of pennisetum micro-powder, 20 to 30 percent of wheat straw coarse powder, 10 to 20 percent of reed fiber, 10 to 15 percent of nano copper oxide powder and 3 to 78 percent of polyethylene glycol-4000.5 percent;
and 5: preparation of wood alloy powder: putting all the pennisetum micro powder and all the nano copper oxide powder obtained in the step (4) into a high-energy ball milling bin, wherein material balls generate heat through mutual friction to cause the pennisetum micro powder to lose weight and be partially carbonized, the nascent carbon and the nano copper oxide powder generate reduction reaction to generate nano copper, the nascent nano copper and the pennisetum micro powder particles are mutually diffused to form wood alloy powder for later use, and in the process, the ball milling time is 120-180 min, the material ball ratio is 1:50, the dry milling is carried out, the diameter of a hard alloy grinding ball is 12mm, and the rotating speed is 300 r/min;
step 6: mixing materials: firstly, coarsely mixing all wheat straw coarse powder obtained in the step (4), all reed fibers and all wood alloy powder obtained in the step (5) until the mixture is uniformly observed by naked eyes; then adding all the polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step (4) for fine mixing to obtain a uniform mixture for later use;
step 7, hot die pressing and forming: pouring all the mixed powder obtained in the step (6) into a cavity of a rigid special forming die, and performing thermal forming under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a toughened nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material pressed compact;
step 8, cryogenic treatment: and (3) placing the composite material pressed blank obtained in the step (7) into liquid nitrogen evaporation type cold treatment equipment for subzero treatment, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the deep cooling temperature is-150 to-185 ℃, the cooling rate is 1 to 3 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 3 to 5 hours.
The coarse mixing in the step 6 adopts a vertical double-helix conical mixer, the charging coefficient is 0.5, and the coarse mixing time is 10 min; the fine mixing adopts a spiral strong stirring vertical conical mixer, the material loading coefficient is 0.4-0.6, and the material mixing time is 15-30 min.
The thermoforming in the step 7 has the following process conditions: the forming temperature is 180-220 ℃, the pressure is 160-200 MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 45-90 min, and the purity of the protective atmosphere nitrogen is 99.999%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material is prepared by compounding reed, pennisetum alopecuroides and wheat straw serving as base materials, nano copper oxide serving as a strengthening factor and polyethylene glycol-400 serving as an auxiliary agent, wherein the hemicellulose content and the lignin content are reduced in the preparation of the wheat straw coarse powder and reed fiber, so that the cellulose content is improved, and the base material performance is optimized: the compressibility is improved, the hydrophilicity is reduced, the production stability and the construction convenience are improved, the strength is increased, and the adhesive force to the surface is enhanced; the preparation method of the nano copper oxide powder is simple, practical operation is easy, cost is low, the obtained nano copper oxide powder is used at present, activity is good, the nano copper oxide powder can be completely reduced during high-energy ball milling, and the nano copper oxide powder is fully diffused among pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder particles and is fully alloyed; wherein the polyethylene glycol-400 is used as a component, is used as a plasticizing inducer and adhesive, does not contain phthalate toxic compounds, and is a nontoxic, environment-friendly auxiliary agent capable of enhancing toughness and strength; and 6, adding polyethylene glycol-400 for fine mixing to prepare uniform, wet and sticky powder, and creating conditions for hot die pressing.
(2) The wood composite material prepared by the invention has bronze-like metallic luster, the specific gravity of the wood composite material is only 15-17% of bronze, the static bending strength of the wood composite material is more than or equal to 120MPa, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the wood composite material is more than or equal to 50dB, the water absorption of the wood composite material is less than or equal to 1.5%, the friction coefficient of the wood composite material is 0.15-0.2, the wood composite material is compact, tough and mild in texture, has a huge application prospect in the aspects of elegant artware, garden engineering, mechanical equipment and the like, and can also be used.
(3) The invention relates to a preparation method of a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material, wherein a high-energy ball milling technology is adopted, so that a mixture of pennisetum micro powder and strengthening factor nano copper oxide is subjected to repeated rolling, deformation, tack welding and crushing, the two micro powders are fully mixed and closely contacted, the pennisetum micro powder is subjected to weight loss and partial carbonization when material balls generate heat through mutual friction, nascent carbon and nano copper oxide powder generate reduction reaction to generate nano copper, the nascent nano copper and pennisetum micro powder particles are mutually diffused to form wood alloy, so that uniform wood alloy powder is formed, and a good foundation is laid for the in-situ reduction of nano copper oxide in a subsequent hot-pressing forming project; the cryogenic treatment technology ensures that the physical and mechanical properties of the prepared wood composite material are more stable, and the service life of the product is longer.
(4) The invention adopts the processes of preparation of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, preparation of wheat straw coarse powder, preparation of reed fiber, preparation of wood alloy powder, material mixing, hot die pressing forming and deep cooling treatment, comprehensively applies the interdisciplinary material forming theories of powder metallurgy and powder engineering, composite material and engineering, wood science and technology and the like, and innovates the forming technology and method of the wood composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below for the purpose of better understanding technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and the description of the present invention is only exemplary and explanatory and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
The following are specific examples
Example 1:
the nanometer copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 30% of wheat straw coarse powder, 17% of reed fiber, 10% of nano copper oxide powder and 3% of polyethylene glycol-4003%.
A preparation method of a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking pennisetum alopecuroides, removing impurities, drying in the sun, chopping, drying, and then carrying out coarse crushing, fine crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding and screening on the pennisetum alopecuroides by using a straw crusher, a bran grinder and a flour mill to prepare micro powder, wherein the particle size of the micro powder is 45 mu m, and the water content is 12%;
step 2: preparation of wheat straw meal: taking sun-dried and mildew-free wheat straws, firstly soaking the wheat straws in a 3% NaOH solution for 15h at an ambient temperature of 40 ℃, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 20%, and crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with a particle size of 425 mu m and a water content of 15%;
and step 3: preparing reed fibers: taking sun-dried and mildew-free reed stalks, firstly cutting the reed stalks into 4mm small sections, soaking the reed stalks for 15h by using a 3% NaOH solution at the environmental temperature of 40 ℃, and reducing the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 20% through rinsing and drying; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at 40 ℃ for 1h, rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 20%; crushing and sieving the treated reed stems to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 4mm, and adjusting the water content to 15%;
and 4, step 4: preparing materials: taking the pennisetum micro powder, wheat straw coarse powder, reed fiber, nano copper oxide powder and polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step 1-3, so that the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 40% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 30% of wheat straw coarse powder, 17% of reed fiber, 10% of nano copper oxide powder and 3% of polyethylene glycol-4003%;
and 5: preparation of wood alloy powder: putting all the pennisetum micro powder and all the nano copper oxide powder obtained in the step (4) into a high-energy ball milling bin, wherein material balls generate heat through mutual friction to cause the pennisetum micro powder to lose weight and be partially carbonized, the nascent carbon and the nano copper oxide powder generate reduction reaction to generate nano copper, the nascent nano copper and the pennisetum micro powder particles are mutually diffused to form wood alloy powder for later use, and in the process, the ball milling time is 120min, the material ball ratio is 1:50, the dry milling is carried out, the diameter of a hard alloy milling ball is 12mm, and the rotating speed is 300 r/min;
step 6: mixing materials: firstly, putting all wheat straw coarse powder obtained in the step (4), all reed fibers and all wood alloy powder obtained in the step (5) into a vertical double-helix conical mixer for coarse mixing, wherein the charging coefficient is 0.5, and the coarse mixing time is 10min until the mixture is uniformly observed by naked eyes; then adding all the polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step (4) into a spiral strong stirring vertical conical mixer for fine mixing, wherein the material filling coefficient is 0.4, and the mixing time is 15min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture for later use;
and 7: hot die pressing and forming: pouring all the mixed powder obtained in the step (6) into a cavity of a rigid special forming die, and carrying out thermal forming under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the forming temperature is 180 ℃, the pressure is 160MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 45min, and the purity of nitrogen in the protective atmosphere is 99.999 percent, so as to obtain a toughened nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material green compact;
and 8: cryogenic treatment: placing the wood composite material pressed compact obtained in the step 7 into liquid nitrogen evaporation type cold treatment equipment for subzero treatment, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the deep cooling temperature is-150 ℃, the cooling rate is 1 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
The nano copper oxide powder is prepared from CuCl2·2H2Analytically pure powders of O and NaOH are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:2 and ground at room temperature for 30min to obtain a powder with a particle size of 30nm and a purity = 99.9%.
The wood composite material obtained in the embodiment 1 has bronze-like metallic luster, the specific gravity of the wood composite material is only 16% of bronze, the static bending strength of the wood composite material is =130MPa, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is =55dB, the water absorption rate is =1%, the friction coefficient is 0.15, the wood composite material is compact, tough and soft in texture, has a huge application prospect in the aspects of elegant artware, garden engineering, mechanical equipment and the like, and can also be used in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, mechanical construction, civil engineering construction and the like.
Example 2:
the nanometer copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 47.5 percent of pennisetum micro-powder, 20 percent of wheat straw coarse powder, 20 percent of reed fiber, 12 percent of nano copper oxide powder and-4000.5 percent of polyethylene glycol.
A preparation method of a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of pennisetum micro powder: taking pennisetum alopecuroides, removing impurities, drying in the sun, chopping, drying, and then carrying out coarse crushing, fine crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding and screening on the pennisetum alopecuroides by using a straw crusher, a bran grinder and a flour mill to prepare micro powder, wherein the particle size of the micro powder is 75 mu m, and the water content is 15%;
step 2: preparation of wheat straw meal: taking sun-dried and mildew-free wheat straws, firstly soaking the wheat straws in a 5% NaOH solution for 24 hours at an ambient temperature of 60 ℃, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 30%, and crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with the particle size of 850 mu m and the water content of 20%;
and step 3: preparing reed fibers: taking sun-dried and mildew-free reed stalks, firstly cutting the reed stalks into 6mm small sections, soaking the reed stalks in a 5% NaOH solution for 24 hours at the ambient temperature of 60 ℃, and reducing the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 30% through rinsing and drying; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours at the ambient temperature of 50 ℃, and rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 30 percent; crushing and sieving the treated reed stems to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 6mm, and adjusting the water content to 20%;
and 4, step 4: preparing materials: taking the pennisetum micro powder obtained in the step 1-3, wheat straw coarse powder, reed fiber, nano copper oxide powder and polyethylene glycol-400, so that the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 47.5 percent of pennisetum micro-powder, 20 percent of wheat straw coarse powder, 20 percent of reed fiber, 12 percent of nano copper oxide powder and-4000.5 percent of polyethylene glycol;
and 5: preparation of wood alloy powder: putting all the pennisetum micro powder and all the nano copper oxide powder obtained in the step (4) into a high-energy ball milling bin, wherein material balls generate heat through mutual friction to cause the pennisetum micro powder to lose weight and be partially carbonized, the nascent carbon and the nano copper oxide powder generate reduction reaction to generate nano copper, the nascent nano copper and the pennisetum micro powder particles are mutually diffused to form wood alloy powder for later use, and in the process, the ball milling time is 180min, the material ball ratio is 1:50, the dry milling is carried out, the diameter of a hard alloy milling ball is 12mm, and the rotating speed is 300 r/min;
step 6: mixing materials: firstly, putting all wheat straw coarse powder obtained in the step (4), all reed fibers and all wood alloy powder obtained in the step (5) into a vertical double-helix conical mixer for coarse mixing, wherein the charging coefficient is 0.5, and the coarse mixing time is 10min until the mixture is uniformly observed by naked eyes; then adding all the polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step (4) into a spiral strong stirring vertical conical mixer for fine mixing, wherein the material filling coefficient is 0.6, and the mixing time is 30min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture for later use;
and 7: hot die pressing and forming: pouring all the mixed powder obtained in the step (6) into a cavity of a rigid special forming die, and carrying out thermal forming under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the forming temperature is 220 ℃, the pressure is 200MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 90min, and the purity of nitrogen in a protective atmosphere is 99.999 percent, so as to obtain a toughened nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite green compact;
and 8: cryogenic treatment: placing the wood composite material pressed compact obtained in the step 7 into liquid nitrogen evaporation type cold treatment equipment for subzero treatment, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the deep cooling temperature is-185 ℃, the cooling rate is 3 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 5 h.
The nano copper oxide powder is prepared from CuCl2·2H2Analytically pure powders of O and NaOH were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:2 and ground at room temperature for 60min to obtain a powder with a particle size of 40nm and a purity = 100%.
The wood composite material obtained in the embodiment 2 has bronze-like metallic luster, the specific gravity of the wood composite material is only 17% of bronze, the static bending strength of the wood composite material is =135MPa, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is =60dB, the water absorption rate is =1.5%, the friction coefficient is 0.17, the wood composite material is compact, tough and soft, the texture is mild, the wood composite material has a huge application prospect in the aspects of elegant artware, garden engineering, mechanical equipment and the like, and the wood composite material can also be used in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, mechanical construction, civil construction and the like.
Example 3:
the nanometer copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 23% of wheat straw coarse powder, 10% of reed fiber, 15% of nano copper oxide powder and 2% of polyethylene glycol-4002%.
A preparation method of a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of pennisetum micro powder: taking pennisetum alopecuroides, removing impurities, drying in the sun, chopping, drying, and then carrying out coarse crushing, fine crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding and screening on the pennisetum alopecuroides by using a straw crusher, a bran grinder and a flour mill to prepare micro powder, wherein the particle size of the micro powder is 65 mu m, and the water content is 13%;
step 2: preparation of wheat straw meal: taking sun-dried and mildew-free wheat straws, firstly soaking the wheat straws in a 4% NaOH solution for 20h at an ambient temperature of 50 ℃, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 25%, and then crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with a particle size of 650 mu m and a water content of 17%;
and step 3: preparing reed fibers: taking sun-dried and mildew-free reed stalks, firstly cutting the reed stalks into 5mm small sections, soaking the reed stalks in a 4% NaOH solution for 20 hours at the environmental temperature of 50 ℃, and rinsing and drying the reed stalks to reduce the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 25%; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the environmental temperature of 45 ℃ for 2 hours, and rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 25%; crushing and sieving the treated reed stems to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 5mm, and adjusting the water content to 18%;
and 4, step 4: preparing materials: taking the pennisetum micro powder, wheat straw coarse powder, reed fiber, nano copper oxide powder and polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step 1-3, so that the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 50% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 23% of wheat straw coarse powder, 10% of reed fiber, 15% of nano copper oxide powder and 2% of polyethylene glycol-4002%;
and 5: preparation of wood alloy powder: putting all the pennisetum micro powder and all the nano copper oxide powder obtained in the step (4) into a high-energy ball milling bin, wherein material balls generate heat through mutual friction to cause the pennisetum micro powder to lose weight and be partially carbonized, the nascent carbon and the nano copper oxide powder generate reduction reaction to generate nano copper, the nascent nano copper and the pennisetum micro powder particles are mutually diffused to form wood alloy powder for later use, and in the process, the ball milling time is 145min, the material ball ratio is 1:50, the dry milling is carried out, the diameter of a hard alloy milling ball is 12mm, and the rotating speed is 300 r/min;
step 6: mixing materials: firstly, putting all wheat straw coarse powder obtained in the step (4), all reed fibers and all wood alloy powder obtained in the step (5) into a vertical double-helix conical mixer for coarse mixing, wherein the charging coefficient is 0.5, and the coarse mixing time is 10min until the mixture is uniformly observed by naked eyes; then adding all the polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step (4) into a spiral strong stirring vertical conical mixer for fine mixing, wherein the material filling coefficient is 0.5, and the mixing time is 20min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture for later use;
and 7: hot die pressing and forming: pouring all the mixed powder obtained in the step (6) into a cavity of a rigid special forming die, and carrying out thermal forming under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the forming temperature is 190 ℃, the pressure is 180MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 75min, and the purity of nitrogen in a protective atmosphere is 99.999 percent, so as to obtain a toughened nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material green compact;
and 8: cryogenic treatment: placing the wood composite material pressed compact obtained in the step 7 into liquid nitrogen evaporation type cold treatment equipment for subzero treatment, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the deep cooling temperature is-165 ℃, the cooling rate is 2 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 4 h.
The nano copper oxide powder is prepared from CuCl2·2H2Analytically pure powders of O and NaOH were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:2 and ground at room temperature for 45min to obtain a 35nm particle size with a purity = 99.95%.
The wood composite material obtained in the embodiment 3 has bronze-like metallic luster, the specific gravity of the wood composite material is only 15.5% of bronze, the static bending strength of the wood composite material is =120MPa, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is =50dB, the water absorption rate is =0.8%, the friction coefficient is 0.2, the wood composite material is compact, tough and mild in texture, has a huge application prospect in the aspects of elegant artware, garden engineering, mechanical equipment and the like, and can also be used in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, mechanical construction, civil construction and the like.
Example 4:
the nanometer copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 26% of wheat straw coarse powder, 14% of reed fiber, 13% of nano copper oxide powder and 2% of polyethylene glycol-4002%.
A preparation method of a nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of pennisetum micro powder: preparation of pennisetum micro powder: taking pennisetum alopecuroides, removing impurities, drying in the sun, chopping, drying, and then carrying out coarse crushing, fine crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding and screening on the pennisetum alopecuroides by using a straw crusher, a bran grinder and a flour mill to prepare micro powder, wherein the particle size of the micro powder is 60 mu m, and the water content is 13%;
step 2: preparation of wheat straw meal: : taking sun-dried and mildew-free wheat straws, firstly soaking the wheat straws in a 4% NaOH solution at an environmental temperature of 45 ℃ for 18h at an environmental temperature of 40-60 ℃, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 30%, and crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with a particle size of 700 mu m and a water content of 18%;
and step 3: preparing reed fibers: taking sun-dried and mildew-free reed stalks, firstly cutting the reed stalks into 5mm small sections, soaking the reed stalks in a 4% NaOH solution for 19 hours at the environmental temperature of 50 ℃, and reducing the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 30% through rinsing and drying; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the ambient temperature of 46 ℃ for 2 hours, and rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 30%; crushing and sieving the treated reed stems to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 5mm, and adjusting the water content to 16%;
and 4, step 4: preparing materials: taking the pennisetum micro powder, wheat straw coarse powder, reed fiber, nano copper oxide powder and polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step 1-3, so that the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 45% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 26% of wheat straw coarse powder, 14% of reed fiber, 13% of nano copper oxide powder and 4002% of polyethylene glycol;
and 5: preparation of wood alloy powder: putting all the pennisetum micro powder and all the nano copper oxide powder obtained in the step (4) into a high-energy ball milling bin, wherein material balls generate heat through mutual friction to cause the pennisetum micro powder to lose weight and be partially carbonized, the nascent carbon and the nano copper oxide powder generate reduction reaction to generate nano copper, the nascent nano copper and the pennisetum micro powder particles are mutually diffused to form wood alloy powder for later use, and in the process, the ball milling time is 160min, the material ball ratio is 1:50, the dry milling is carried out, the diameter of a hard alloy milling ball is 12mm, and the rotating speed is 300 r/min;
step 6: mixing materials: firstly, putting all wheat straw coarse powder obtained in the step (4), all reed fibers and all wood alloy powder obtained in the step (5) into a vertical double-helix conical mixer for coarse mixing, wherein the charging coefficient is 0.5, and the coarse mixing time is 10min until the mixture is uniformly observed by naked eyes; then adding all the polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step (4) into a spiral strong stirring vertical conical mixer for fine mixing, wherein the material filling coefficient is 0.5, and the mixing time is 25min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture for later use;
and 7: hot die pressing and forming: pouring all the mixed powder obtained in the step (6) into a cavity of a rigid special forming die, and carrying out thermal forming under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the forming temperature is 200 ℃, the pressure is 180MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 80min, and the purity of nitrogen in the protective atmosphere is 99.999 percent, so as to obtain a toughened nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material green compact;
and 8: cryogenic treatment: placing the wood composite material pressed compact obtained in the step 7 into liquid nitrogen evaporation type cold treatment equipment for subzero treatment, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the deep cooling temperature is-165 ℃, the cooling rate is 2 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 4 h.
The nano copper oxide powder is prepared from CuCl2·2H2Analytically pure powders of O and NaOH were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:2 and ground at room temperature for 50min to obtain a powder with a particle size of 32nm and a purity = 99.99%.
The wood composite material obtained in the embodiment 4 has bronze-like metallic luster, the specific gravity of the wood composite material is only 15% of bronze, the static bending strength of the wood composite material is =140MPa, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is =65dB, the water absorption rate is =0.3%, the friction coefficient is 0.18, the wood composite material is compact, tough and soft, the texture is mild, the wood composite material has a huge application prospect in the aspects of elegant artware, garden engineering, mechanical equipment and the like, and the wood composite material can also be used in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, mechanical construction, civil construction and the like.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited character expressions, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a plurality of modifications, decorations or changes may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the technical features described above may be combined in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments.

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material is characterized in that the nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material is prepared from the following five components in percentage by mass: 40 to 50 percent of pennisetum micro-powder, 20 to 30 percent of wheat straw coarse powder, 10 to 20 percent of reed fiber, 10 to 15 percent of nano copper oxide powder and 3 to 78 percent of polyethylene glycol-4000.5 percent; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of pennisetum micro powder: taking pennisetum alopecuroides, removing impurities, drying in the sun, chopping, drying, and then carrying out coarse crushing, fine crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding and screening on the pennisetum alopecuroides by using a straw crusher, a bran grinder and a flour mill to prepare micro powder, wherein the particle size of the micro powder is 45-75 mu m, and the water content is 12-15%;
step 2, preparing wheat straw coarse powder: taking sun-dried and mildew-free wheat straws, firstly soaking the wheat straws in a 3-5% NaOH solution for 15-24 h at the ambient temperature of 40-60 ℃, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 20-30%, and crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with the particle size of 425-850 mu m and the water content of 15-20%;
step 3, preparation of reed fibers: taking sun-dried and mildew-free reed stalks, firstly cutting the reed stalks into 4-6 mm small sections, soaking the reed stalks in a 3-5% NaOH solution for 15-24 h at the ambient temperature of 40-60 ℃, and rinsing and drying the reed stalks to reduce the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the ambient temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 1-3 h, and rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; crushing and sieving the treated reed stems to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 4-6 mm, and adjusting the water content to 15% -20%;
step 4, batching: taking the pennisetum micro powder obtained in the step 1-3, wheat straw coarse powder, reed fiber, nano copper oxide powder and polyethylene glycol-400, so that the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 40 to 50 percent of pennisetum micro-powder, 20 to 30 percent of wheat straw coarse powder, 10 to 20 percent of reed fiber, 10 to 15 percent of nano copper oxide powder and 3 to 78 percent of polyethylene glycol-4000.5 percent;
step 5, preparing wood alloy powder: putting all the pennisetum micro powder and all the nano copper oxide powder obtained in the step (4) into a high-energy ball milling bin, wherein material balls generate heat through mutual friction to cause the pennisetum micro powder to lose weight and be partially carbonized, the nascent carbon and the nano copper oxide powder generate reduction reaction to generate nano copper, the nascent nano copper and the pennisetum micro powder particles are mutually diffused to form wood alloy powder for later use, and in the process, the ball milling time is 120-180 min, the material ball ratio is 1:50, the dry milling is carried out, the diameter of a hard alloy grinding ball is 12mm, and the rotating speed is 300 r/min;
step 6, mixing materials: firstly, coarsely mixing all wheat straw coarse powder obtained in the step (4), all reed fibers and all wood alloy powder obtained in the step (5) until the mixture is uniformly observed by naked eyes; then adding all the polyethylene glycol-400 obtained in the step (4) for fine mixing to obtain a uniform mixture for later use;
step 7, hot die pressing and forming: pouring all the mixed powder obtained in the step (6) into a cavity of a rigid special forming die, and performing thermal forming under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a toughened nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material pressed compact;
step 8, cryogenic treatment: and (3) placing the composite material pressed blank obtained in the step (7) into liquid nitrogen evaporation type cold treatment equipment for subzero treatment, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the deep cooling temperature is-150 to-185 ℃, the cooling rate is 1 to 3 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 3 to 5 hours.
2. The nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components are respectively, by mass: 45% of pennisetum alopecuroides micro powder, 26% of wheat straw coarse powder, 14% of reed fiber, 13% of nano copper oxide powder and 2% of polyethylene glycol-4002%.
3. The nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material according to claim 2, wherein the pennisetum micro powder has a particle size of 45-75 μm and a water content of 12-15%.
4. The nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the wheat straw coarse powder is obtained by the following steps: soaking wheat straws in 3-5% NaOH solution for 15-24 h at 40-60 ℃ environment temperature, rinsing and drying to reduce the hemicellulose content of the wheat straws by 20-30%, and crushing, finely crushing and screening to prepare wheat straw coarse powder with the particle size of 425-850 mu m and the water content of 15-20%.
5. The nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reed fiber is obtained by the following steps: cutting reed stalks into 4-6 mm small sections, soaking the small sections for 15-24 h in a 3-5% NaOH solution at the ambient temperature of 40-60 ℃, and rinsing and drying the small sections to reduce the hemicellulose content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; soaking the reed stalks in a 1:1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the ambient temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 1-3 h, and rinsing and drying to reduce the lignin content of the reed stalks by 20-30%; the treated reed stems are crushed and sieved to prepare reed fibers with the particle size of 4-6 mm, and the water content is adjusted to 15% -20%.
6. The nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nano copper oxide powder is prepared from CuCl2·2H2Mixing analytically pure powder of O and NaOH according to a molar ratio of 1:2, and grinding at room temperature for 30-60 min to obtain the product, wherein the granularity is 30-40 nm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%.
7. The method for preparing the nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material according to claim 1, wherein a vertical double-helix conical blender is adopted for rough mixing in the step 6, the charging coefficient is 0.5, and the rough mixing time is 10 min; the fine mixing adopts a spiral strong stirring vertical conical mixer, the material loading coefficient is 0.4-0.6, and the material mixing time is 15-30 min.
8. The method for preparing nano copper oxide in-situ reduction wood composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thermoforming in the step 7 comprises the following process conditions: the forming temperature is 180-220 ℃, the pressure is 160-200 MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 45-90 min, and the purity of the protective atmosphere nitrogen is 99.999%.
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