CN109175660B - Aluminum alloy diffusion welding device and aluminum alloy diffusion welding method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy diffusion welding device and aluminum alloy diffusion welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109175660B CN109175660B CN201811373462.2A CN201811373462A CN109175660B CN 109175660 B CN109175660 B CN 109175660B CN 201811373462 A CN201811373462 A CN 201811373462A CN 109175660 B CN109175660 B CN 109175660B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy diffusion welding device and an aluminum alloy diffusion welding method, and relates to the technical field of diffusion welding, wherein the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device comprises a fixture, and the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of aluminum alloy; the fixture comprises an upper plate, a lower plate and at least two side plates; when the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device is used, the lower plate is connected with the lower ends of the side plates through fasteners respectively, the upper plate is connected with the upper ends of the side plates, a hole is formed between every two adjacent side plates, and the upper plate, the lower plate and the adjacent side plates are enclosed to form a cavity; and placing the part to be welded in the cavity. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding device provided by the invention can realize large-scale diffusion welding of aluminum alloy materials and get rid of the dependence of diffusion welding on a diffusion furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of diffusion welding, in particular to an aluminum alloy diffusion welding device and an aluminum alloy diffusion welding method.
Background
Diffusion welding is one of pressure welding, and is widely applied to the fields of the electronic industry, the nuclear energy industry, the aerospace industry and the like due to wide range of used materials and high welding quality.
The diffusion welding of the aluminum alloy is generally carried out by depending on a special diffusion device, namely a diffusion furnace, and the diffusion furnace is only used for diffusion welding of aluminum alloy materials with smaller sizes due to the large manufacturing difficulty of the diffusion furnace and the smaller scale of the diffusion furnace; at present, large-size aluminum alloy materials are mainly connected by using a traditional brazing mode, but alloy elements in brazing filler metal are easy to generate electrochemical corrosion with aluminum alloy during brazing, and in the large-area brazing process, hole defects are easy to form at brazed welding seams, so that the joint strength and the service life of the aluminum alloy materials are influenced, and the use of the aluminum alloy materials is influenced.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device comprises a fixture, wherein the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy;
the fixture comprises an upper plate, a lower plate and at least two side plates;
when the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device is used, the lower plate is connected with the lower ends of the side plates, the upper plate is connected with the upper ends of the side plates, a hole is formed between every two adjacent side plates, and the upper plate, the lower plate and the adjacent side plates are enclosed to form a cavity; and placing the piece to be welded in the cavity for diffusion welding.
Optionally, a plurality of pre-tightening screw holes are formed in the upper plate, pre-tightening force is applied to the upper plate through the pre-tightening screw holes, and the pre-tightening screw holes are symmetrically distributed around the to-be-welded part.
Optionally, the fixture further comprises a pressing plate, and when the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device is used, the pressing plate is placed between the piece to be welded and the upper plate.
Optionally, the number of the side plates is four.
Optionally, the fixture is made of graphite or C45 steel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy diffusion welding method for diffusion welding using the above aluminum alloy diffusion welding apparatus, the aluminum alloy diffusion welding method including the steps of:
s1: carrying out chemical treatment on the surface of the workpiece to be welded to remove an oxide film, and obtaining a treated workpiece to be welded;
s2: and assembling the treated to-be-welded part with a fixture, and specifically comprising the following steps:
s21, connecting the lower plate of the fixture with the lower end of the side plate;
s22: placing the processed to-be-welded part in a cavity formed by the lower plate and the side plate;
s23: connecting the upper plate of the fixture with the upper ends of the side plates, and applying pretightening force to the upper plate of the fixture to obtain an assembled fixture tool;
s3: and placing the assembled fixture tool in a vacuum furnace for diffusion welding.
Optionally, the magnitude of the pre-tightening force is gradually reduced from the center of the piece to be welded to the outside.
Optionally, the chemically treating the surface of the workpiece to be welded includes:
s11: sequentially cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be welded by using acetone, a sodium hydroxide solution, absolute ethyl alcohol and a nitric acid solution;
s12: removing reaction products on the surface of the piece to be welded and emitting light;
s13: cleaning the surface of the piece to be welded with absolute ethyl alcohol again;
s14: and drying the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and smearing organic matters on the surface of the workpiece to be welded.
Optionally, when the processed to-be-welded part is assembled with a fixture, after the processed to-be-welded part is placed in a cavity formed by the lower plate and the side plate, the method further includes:
and placing a pressure plate of the fixture on the upper part of the processed workpiece to be welded.
Optionally, the applying an organic substance to the to-be-welded surface of the to-be-welded part includes: and smearing terpineol or glycol on the surface to be welded of the part to be welded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device provided by the invention can realize the diffusion welding of large-scale aluminum alloy materials by designing the fixture matched with the scale of the to-be-welded piece, assembling the to-be-welded piece of the aluminum alloy and the fixture, and then installing the prepared assembled fixture in the vacuum furnace for diffusion welding, thereby getting rid of the dependence of the diffusion welding on the diffusion furnace.
2, according to the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device provided by the invention, the material with the linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of the aluminum alloy is used as the fixture, and when the aluminum alloy to-be-welded piece is subjected to diffusion welding, the additional pressure generated by the difference of the expansion degrees between the fixture and the to-be-welded piece in the temperature rising process is utilized to increase the pressure of the diffusion welding, so that the connection strength between welding heads is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the assembly of the fixture of the present invention with a part to be welded;
fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the assembly of the fixture of the invention with the parts to be welded.
The figures in the drawings represent:
1-upper plate; 2-lower plate; 3-side plate; 4, pressing a plate; 5-the part to be welded.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
For solving the problem that the diffusion welding can not be carried out on the aluminum alloy material with larger size at present, the embodiment provides an aluminum alloy diffusion welding device, and the diffusion welding on the aluminum alloy material with larger size can be realized through the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device.
The embodiment provides an aluminum alloy diffusion welding device, which comprises a fixture, and as shown in fig. 1, the fixture comprises an upper plate 1, a lower plate 2 and at least two side plates 3; the upper plate 1, the lower plate 2 and the side plates 3 are all plate-shaped structures with certain thicknesses, and the sizes of the upper plate 1, the lower plate 2 and the side plates 3 are determined according to the size of a piece to be welded 5; the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy.
When the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device is used, the lower plate 2 is connected with the lower end of the side plate 3 through the fastening piece, and the upper plate 1 is connected with the upper end of the side plate 3; a pore is reserved between the adjacent side plates 3, and the size of the pore is determined by the size of the piece 5 to be welded; the upper plate 1, the lower plate 2 and the adjacent side plates 3 form a cavity, and two pieces to be welded 5 are placed in the cavity formed by the upper plate 1, the lower plate 2 and the side plates 3 to obtain the assembled fixture tool. In the present embodiment, the terms "upper" and "lower" refer to the state of the fixture when the aluminum alloy diffusion welding apparatus is in the operating state. And (4) placing the assembled fixture tool into a vacuum furnace, and performing diffusion welding in the vacuum furnace.
Because the large-scale vacuum furnace is low in manufacturing difficulty and sufficient in equipment scale, the aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded 5 and the fixture are assembled, and then the manufactured assembled fixture is assembled in the vacuum furnace for diffusion welding, so that the diffusion welding of large-scale aluminum alloy materials can be realized, and the dependence of the diffusion welding on the diffusion furnace is eliminated.
In order to facilitate the connection of the upper plate 1 and the side plate 3 and the connection of the lower plate 2 and the side plate 3, limit screw holes are formed in the periphery and the center of the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 according to the size of a piece to be welded 5; the upper end of the side plate 3 is provided with a limit screw hole which is suitable for being matched with the limit screw hole on the upper plate 1 so as to connect the upper plate 1 and the side plate 3; also, the lower end of the side plate 3 is provided with limit screw holes adapted to cooperate with limit screw holes on the lower plate 2 to connect the lower plate 2 with the side plate 3.
When will treat weldment 5 and fixture and assemble, at first pass through the fastener with the lower extreme of hypoplastron 2 and curb plate 3 and link to each other, hypoplastron 2 constitutes one jointly with curb plate 3 this moment and uses hypoplastron 2 as the bottom plate to curb plate 3 is the structure of side frame, treats weldment 5 with two and places in this structure, then further places upper plate 1 on treating weldment 5, links to each other upper plate 1 and curb plate 3 through the fastener, accomplishes the preliminary assembly of treating weldment 5 and fixture.
The side plate 3 in this embodiment is used for connecting the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2, and forms a space for placing a to-be-welded part 5 together with the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2; on the other hand, in the diffusion welding process, the distance between the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 of the fixture is fixed, if the expansion pressure is too large, the to-be-welded parts 5 are subjected to plastic deformation, the area is enlarged, the thickness is reduced, the welding pressure between the two to-be-welded parts 5 is reduced, and the to-be-welded parts 5 are subjected to severe plastic deformation and fail; design curb plate 3 in fixture, if the too big condition of expansion pressure appears, curb plate 3 can be to taking place plastic deformation wait that the welding piece plays certain restriction, regulatory action, avoids waiting to weld 5 when carrying out diffusion welding and take place serious plastic deformation and lead to the diffusion welding inefficacy, reduces the deformation volume of adopting this fixture to carry out the diffusion welding time aluminum alloy.
The upper plate 1 is provided with a limit screw hole and a pre-tightening screw hole, and is used for providing pre-tightening force when the workpiece 5 to be welded is assembled with the fixture. In order to ensure that the provided pretightening force is uniform, the pretightening screw holes on the upper plate 1 are symmetrically distributed by taking the piece to be welded 5 as a center. In addition, because the pressure of diffusion welding is isostatic pressure, the pressure applied to the to-be-welded part 5 from the outside is constant in the whole welding process, and because the aluminum alloy material is soft, if the pressure of diffusion welding is improperly applied, the to-be-welded part 5 is easy to generate plastic deformation, especially under the high-temperature condition; in the embodiment, the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy, and when diffusion welding is performed on the aluminum alloy to-be-welded part 5, in the temperature rise process, because the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy, the thickness expansion amount of the to-be-welded part 5 is larger than that of the fixture, therefore, along with the diffusion welding, because the linear expansion coefficients have differences, the upper plate 1 applies gradually-increased pressure on the to-be-welded part 5, and the gradually-increased component and the pre-tightening force on the upper plate 1 jointly form the pressure of the diffusion welding, so that the connection strength between welding heads is further improved. In this embodiment, the fixture is preferably made of graphite or C45 steel.
In order to ensure that the force applied by the upper plate 1 on the workpiece to be welded 5 is suitable for diffusion welding of the workpiece to be welded 5 in the diffusion welding process, the height of the side plate 3 is determined according to the height of the workpiece to be welded 5, namely the height of the side plate 3 is higher than the height of the workpiece to be welded 5 by a certain amount; the present embodiment prefers that the side plate 3 is 8mm higher than the height of the piece 5 to be welded.
Because the fixture that this embodiment provided links to each other through curb plate 3 between upper plate 1 and the hypoplastron 2, and the height of curb plate 3 can be decided according to the height of waiting for brazier 5, consequently, the fixture that this embodiment provided can be used for waiting with the multiunit to weld 5 and carry out the diffusion welding simultaneously to improve aluminum alloy diffusion welding set's work efficiency.
When using this fixture to treat weldment 5 to the multiunit and assemble, the relative setting of the face of titans of treating of weldment 5 is treated to same group, simultaneously, adjacent two sets of treatments are separated with the baffle between weldment 5, and the material of baffle should be selected for the material that does not react with the aluminum alloy material under high temperature, and the preferred baffle of this embodiment is graphite paper.
The aluminum alloy diffusion welding device provided by the embodiment is characterized in that a fixture matched with the size of a to-be-welded part is designed, the to-be-welded part 5 of the aluminum alloy is assembled with the fixture, and then the manufactured assembled fixture is assembled in a vacuum furnace for diffusion welding, so that the diffusion welding of large-scale aluminum alloy materials can be realized, and the dependence of the diffusion welding on the diffusion furnace is eliminated.
The aluminum alloy diffusion welding device that this embodiment provided, through set up curb plate 3 in fixture, treat weldment 5 to the aluminum alloy and carry out diffusion welding when, through curb plate 3's restriction and regulatory action, avoid treating weldment 5 when carrying out diffusion welding and take place severe plastic deformation and lead to the diffusion welding inefficacy, reduce the deformation volume of aluminum alloy when adopting this fixture to carry out diffusion welding.
According to the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device provided by the embodiment, the material with the linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of the aluminum alloy is used as the fixture, and when the aluminum alloy workpiece 5 to be welded is subjected to diffusion welding, the additional pressure generated by the difference of the expansion degrees between the fixture and the workpiece 5 to be welded in the temperature rise process is utilized, so that the diffusion welding pressure is increased, and the connection strength between welding heads is further improved.
Example two
On the basis of embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, in the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device provided in this embodiment, the fixture further includes a pressing plate 4, and when the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device is used, the pressing plate 4 is placed between the piece to be welded 5 and the upper plate 1.
In order to ensure additional pressure generated by the linear expansion coefficient when the workpiece 5 to be welded is subjected to diffusion welding, a material with the linear expansion coefficient not less than that of the side plate 3 is required to be selected as the pressing plate 4; if the linear expansion coefficient of the pressing plate 4 is smaller than that of the side plate, when diffusion welding is carried out, the expansion degree of the side plate 3 is larger than that of the pressing plate 4, so that the distance between the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 is increased, the additional pressure applied to the workpiece 5 to be welded by the upper plate 1 is reduced, and the connecting strength between welding surfaces is reduced. For the convenience of manufacturing the clamp, the material of the pressing plate 4 is preferably the same as that of the side plate 3 in this embodiment.
Because the pre-tightening screw hole provides the pre-tightening force to the welding surface between the parts to be welded 5 in the embodiment by means of pre-tightening in advance, the cross section area of the pre-tightening screw hole is small relative to the parts to be welded 5, if a fastener penetrating through the pre-tightening screw hole directly acts on the aluminum alloy parts to be welded 5, indentation is easily formed on the surfaces of the parts to be welded 5 which are softened at high temperature in the diffusion welding process, and adverse effects are caused; in the embodiment, the pressing plate 4 is arranged between the part to be welded 5 and the upper plate 1, and the surface size of the pressing plate 4 can be set to be equivalent to that of the part to be welded 5, so that the pre-tightening fastener penetrating through the pre-tightening screw hole in the upper plate 1 directly acts on the pressing plate 4 instead of the part to be welded 5, the pre-tightening fastener is prevented from generating indentation on the surface of the part to be welded 5, meanwhile, the pressing plate 4 can also play a role in uniformly distributing pre-tightening force, and the surface of the part to be welded 5 is ensured to be uniformly stressed.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the second embodiment, the number of the side plates 3 in the second embodiment is four, the four side plates 3 are all vertically connected to the bottom plate 2, the adjacent side plates 3 are mutually vertical but not connected, namely, a gap is reserved between the adjacent side plates 3; enclose into a square structure jointly between four blocks of curb plates 3 and the bottom plate 2, when carrying out diffusion welding, four blocks of curb plates 3 play restriction, regulatory action to taking place plastic deformation treat weldment 5 jointly, avoid treating that weldment 5 takes place severe plastic deformation and lead to the diffusion welding inefficacy when carrying out diffusion welding, reduce the deformation volume of aluminum alloy when adopting this fixture to carry out diffusion welding.
Referring to fig. 2, since the side plates 3 are also expanded to a certain extent in the diffusion welding process, in order to avoid deformation caused by expansion of the side plates 3 and influence the limiting and adjusting effects of the side plates 3 on the to-be-welded part 5, in this embodiment, a plurality of side plates 3 are used to jointly enclose a space matched with the shape of the to-be-welded part 5, so as to limit and adjust the deformation of the to-be-welded part 5; a pore is reserved between the adjacent side plates 3, and the size of the pore can be calculated according to the expansion amount of the side plates 3, namely the size of the pore is theoretically equal to the sum of the expansion amounts of the two adjacent side plates 3; the number of side plates 3 depends on the size of the piece 5 to be welded.
The fixture is designed into a shape which is suitable for diffusion welding of the workpiece 5 to be welded and is enclosed by a plurality of side plates 3, so that the use amount of the side plates 3 is reduced, and the cost is reduced; on the other hand, adopt polylith curb plate 3 to connect in bottom plate 2 respectively, be favorable to reducing the assembly degree of difficulty of fixture, improve work efficiency.
Example 4
On the basis of the above embodiments, the present embodiment provides an aluminum alloy diffusion welding method, including the following steps:
s1: carrying out chemical treatment on the surface of the to-be-welded part 5 to obtain a treated to-be-welded part 5;
s2: assembling the treated to-be-welded part 5 with a fixture, specifically comprising:
s21, connecting the lower plate 2 of the fixture with the lower end of the side plate 3;
s22: placing the processed to-be-welded part 5 in a cavity formed by the lower plate 2 and the side plate 3;
s23: connecting the upper plate 1 of the fixture with the upper end of the side plate 3 to obtain an assembled fixture tool;
s3: and placing the assembled fixture tool in a vacuum furnace for diffusion welding.
The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method provided by the embodiment mainly comprises three parts, namely, the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5 is chemically treated to remove an oxide film on the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5; assembling the chemically treated workpiece 5 to be welded with a fixture to obtain an assembled fixture tool; and (4) placing the assembled fixture tool into a vacuum furnace for diffusion welding.
Specifically, the chemical treatment of the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5 comprises the following steps:
s11: cleaning the surface of the workpiece 5 to be welded by using acetone, sodium hydroxide solution, absolute ethyl alcohol and nitric acid solution in sequence;
s12: removing reaction products on the surface of the piece to be welded 5 and emitting light;
s13: cleaning the surface of the workpiece 5 to be welded with absolute ethyl alcohol again;
s14: drying the surface of the to-be-welded part 5, and smearing organic matters on the to-be-welded surface of the to-be-welded part 5.
When the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5 is subjected to chemical treatment, firstly, oil stains on the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5 are removed through acetone cleaning, then a prepared sodium hydroxide solution with a certain concentration is used for wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5, then, absolute ethyl alcohol is used for cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5, redundant alkali liquor is removed, then, a nitric acid solution with a certain concentration is used for wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5, the alkali liquor is neutralized, reaction products are removed, light emission treatment is carried out, and the rate of generating an oxide film on the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5 is inhibited; and cleaning the excessive acid liquor by using absolute ethyl alcohol again, drying the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5 by blowing, and smearing organic matters on the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5 to prevent the generation of an oxide film on the surface of the workpiece to be welded 5.
In this embodiment, the organic substance coated on the surface of the to-be-welded part 5 for preventing the oxide film from being generated may be any organic substance capable of blocking the to-be-welded part 5 from contacting with oxygen, and in this embodiment, it is preferable that the organic substance is terpineol or ethylene glycol.
The step of assembling the to-be-welded part subjected to chemical treatment with the fixture specifically comprises the following steps: connecting a lower plate 2 and a side plate 3 by using a fastener, sequentially placing a group of to-be-welded parts 5 and an upper plate 1 which are arranged on surfaces to be welded in an opposite mode in a cavity formed by the lower plate 2 and the side plate 3 from bottom to top, placing an assembled fixture on a press machine, applying a certain force to the upper plate 1 according to the size of the to-be-welded parts 5, penetrating the upper plate 1 into limiting screw holes of the side plate 3 by using the fastener, and screwing; and unloading the press machine, applying pretightening force through the pretightening screw hole of the upper plate through the pretightening fastener, and gradually reducing the pretightening force from the center to the outside to obtain the assembled fixture tool. In order to avoid the reaction between the aluminum alloy part to be welded and the lower plate in the diffusion welding process, graphite paper can be arranged between the lower plate 2 and the part to be welded 5.
Further placing the assembled fixture tool in a vacuum furnace for diffusion welding, wherein the specific diffusion welding process comprises the following steps: and (3) heating to 300-350 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30-50 minutes, continuing heating to 550-580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-6 hours, cooling to below 300-400 ℃, cooling along with the furnace, cooling, disassembling the tool and taking out to obtain the diffusion welding piece.
In the embodiment, the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy, and when diffusion welding is performed on the aluminum alloy to-be-welded part 5, in the temperature rising process, because the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy, the thickness expansion amount of the to-be-welded part 5 is larger than that of the fixture, the force applied to the to-be-welded part 5 by the upper plate 1 is increased, and the increased force and the pre-tightening force on the upper plate 1 jointly form diffusion welding pressure, so that the connection strength between welding heads is further improved. In this embodiment, the fixture is preferably made of graphite or C45 steel.
In order to make in the assembly process of fixture, the pretensioning fastener that passes the pretensioning screw hole on upper plate 1 directly acts on clamp plate 4 rather than waiting to weld 5 to avoid pretensioning fastener to produce the indentation in waiting to weld 5's surface, ensure simultaneously that waiting to weld 5 surface atress even, the aluminum alloy diffusion welding method that this embodiment provided, when waiting to weld 5 after will handling and fixture when carrying out the assembly, will treat after the welding 5 places in the cavity that lower plate 2 and curb plate 3 formed after, still include:
the pressure plate 4 of the fixture is placed on the upper part of the treated piece 5 to be welded.
In order to ensure additional pressure generated by the linear expansion coefficient when the workpiece 5 to be welded is subjected to diffusion welding, a material with the linear expansion coefficient not less than that of the side plate 3 is required to be selected as the pressing plate 4; if the linear expansion coefficient of the pressing plate 4 is smaller than that of the side plate, when diffusion welding is carried out, the expansion degree of the side plate 3 is larger than that of the pressing plate 4, so that the distance between the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 is increased, the additional pressure applied to the workpiece 5 to be welded by the upper plate 1 is reduced, and the connecting strength between welding surfaces is reduced. For the convenience of manufacturing the clamp, the material of the pressing plate 4 is preferably the same as that of the side plate 3 in this embodiment.
According to the aluminum alloy diffusion welding method provided by the embodiment, the fixture matched with the size of the to-be-welded piece is designed, the to-be-welded piece of the aluminum alloy is assembled with the fixture, and then the manufactured assembled fixture is arranged in the vacuum furnace for diffusion welding, so that the large-scale diffusion welding of the aluminum alloy material can be realized, and the dependence of the diffusion welding on the diffusion furnace is eliminated.
EXAMPLE five
On the basis of the fourth embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method for diffusion welding two pieces of aluminum alloy to be welded with the size of 284 × 384 × 31mm, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out chemical treatment on the surface of a to-be-welded part to obtain the treated to-be-welded part, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: sequentially cleaning the surface of the workpiece 5 to be welded by using acetone, a 10wt.% sodium hydroxide solution, absolute ethyl alcohol and a 20vol.% nitric acid solution, wherein the cleaning time of the 10wt.% sodium hydroxide solution is 15 minutes, and the cleaning time of the 20vol.% nitric acid solution is 3 minutes;
s12: removing reaction products on the surface of the piece to be welded and emitting light;
s13: cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be welded by absolute ethyl alcohol again;
s14: drying the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and smearing terpineol on the surface of the workpiece to be welded.
S2: the treated piece to be welded is assembled with the fixture, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, connecting the lower plate of the fixture with the lower end of the side plate;
s22: placing graphite paper, a group of treated workpieces to be welded, a pressing plate and an upper plate in a cavity formed by a lower plate and a side plate from bottom to top in sequence;
s23: the fixture was placed on a press which applied 2.75N/mm to the upper plate2The fastener penetrates into the limiting screw hole and is screwed tightly, the press machine is unloaded, the pretightening force is applied by the pretightening screw hole of the upper plate through the pretightening fastener, and the pretightening force is set from 1200N to the outside in a mode of reducing by 200N/circle, so that the assembled fixture tool is obtained;
s3: and placing the assembled fixture tool in a vacuum furnace, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, cooling to below 300 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain a diffusion welding part.
The material of the fixture in the embodiment is C45 steel; the thickness of the upper plate and the lower plate of the fixture is 60mm, the length and the width of the upper plate and the lower plate are respectively increased by 120mm compared with the corresponding size of a to-be-welded part, and the processing flatness of each surface of the fixture is less than 0.1 mm. The spacing screw of upper plate, hypoplastron is arranged at 25mm distance within the fixture boundary department, and sets up spacing screw in the corner of upper plate, hypoplastron, and other spacing screws use the corner screw as the benchmark, and the hole interval is not more than 130mm to treat that weldment is central symmetry distributes. The upper plate pre-tightening screw holes are arranged at positions within 12mm of the position boundary of the to-be-welded part, pre-tightening screw holes are formed in corners of the to-be-welded part, other pre-tightening screw holes are based on the corner pre-tightening screw holes, the distance is not larger than 170mm, and the to-be-welded part is distributed in a central symmetry mode. The length and the width of the side plate are both 50mm, the side plate is high by adding 8mm to the height of a part to be welded, screw holes are formed in the center of the side plate in the direction perpendicular to the lower plate, and the number of the screw holes is consistent with the number of the limiting screw holes. The size of the pressing plate is 3mm added to the size of the piece to be welded, and the thickness of the pressing plate is 10 mm.
According to the aluminum alloy diffusion welding method provided by the embodiment, the fixture is subjected to self-pressurization by adopting the fixture limiting and fastening piece, the pressurization mode is softer, the surface stress of the to-be-welded piece is more uniform, a good diffusion welding effect can be achieved, and dense diffusion connection of the aluminum alloy is realized. When the diffusion welding part obtained in the embodiment is detected, the ultrasonic detection result of the welding rate is 100%, the water pressure test result is 5MPa/30min, the flatness test result is less than 0.7mm, and the deformation test result is 0.8%. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method provided by the embodiment realizes high-quality low-deformation compact connection of the aluminum alloy.
EXAMPLE six
On the basis of the fourth embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method for diffusion welding two pieces of aluminum alloy to be welded with the size of 384 × 484 × 31mm, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out chemical treatment on the surface of a to-be-welded part to obtain the treated to-be-welded part, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: sequentially cleaning the surface of the workpiece 5 to be welded by using acetone, 15wt.% sodium hydroxide solution, absolute ethyl alcohol and 25vol.% nitric acid solution, wherein the cleaning time of the 15wt.% sodium hydroxide solution is 10 minutes, and the cleaning time of the 25vol.% nitric acid solution is 1 minute;
s12: removing reaction products on the surface of the piece to be welded and emitting light;
s13: cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be welded by absolute ethyl alcohol again;
s14: drying the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and smearing ethylene glycol on the surface of the workpiece to be welded;
s2: the treated piece to be welded is assembled with the fixture, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, connecting the lower plate of the fixture with the lower end of the side plate;
s22: placing graphite paper, a group of treated workpieces to be welded, a pressing plate and an upper plate in a cavity formed by a lower plate and a side plate from bottom to top in sequence;
s23: placing the fixture on a press machine, applying force of 3N/mm2 to the upper plate by the press machine, penetrating the fastener into the limiting screw hole and screwing, unloading the press machine, applying pretightening force by the pretightening screw hole of the upper plate through the pretightening fastener, wherein the pretightening force is set in a mode of reducing from 1200N from the center to the outside by 200N/circle, and obtaining an assembled fixture tool;
s3: and placing the assembled fixture tool in a vacuum furnace, heating to 320 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, cooling to below 350 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain a diffusion welding part.
In the embodiment, the fixture is made of graphite; the thickness of the upper plate and the lower plate of the fixture is 60mm, the length and the width of the upper plate and the lower plate are respectively increased by 120mm compared with the corresponding size of a to-be-welded part, and the processing flatness of each surface of the fixture is less than 0.1 mm. The spacing screw of upper plate, hypoplastron is arranged at 25mm distance within the fixture boundary department, and sets up spacing screw in the corner of upper plate, hypoplastron, and other spacing screws use the corner screw as the benchmark, and the hole interval is not more than 130mm to treat that weldment is central symmetry distributes. The upper plate pre-tightening screw holes are arranged at positions within 12mm of the position boundary of the to-be-welded part, pre-tightening screw holes are formed in corners of the to-be-welded part, other pre-tightening screw holes are based on the corner pre-tightening screw holes, the distance is not larger than 170mm, and the to-be-welded part is distributed in a central symmetry mode. The length and the width of the side plate are both 50mm, the side plate is high by adding 8mm to the height of a part to be welded, screw holes are formed in the center of the side plate in the direction perpendicular to the lower plate, and the number of the screw holes is consistent with the number of the limiting screw holes. The size of the pressing plate is 3mm added to the size of the piece to be welded, and the thickness of the pressing plate is 10 mm.
When the diffusion welding part obtained in the embodiment is detected, the ultrasonic detection result of the welding rate is 100%, the water pressure test result is 5.5MPa/30min, the flatness test result is less than 0.7mm, and the deformation test result is 1.1%. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method provided by the embodiment realizes high-quality low-deformation compact connection of the aluminum alloy.
EXAMPLE seven
On the basis of the fourth embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method for diffusion welding two aluminum alloy members to be welded with the size of 184 × 284 × 31mm, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out chemical treatment on the surface of a to-be-welded part to obtain the treated to-be-welded part, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: sequentially cleaning the surface of the workpiece 5 to be welded by using acetone, a 5wt.% sodium hydroxide solution, absolute ethyl alcohol and a 15vol.% nitric acid solution, wherein the cleaning time of the 5wt.% sodium hydroxide solution is 20 minutes, and the cleaning time of the 15vol.% nitric acid solution is 5 minutes;
s12: removing reaction products on the surface of the piece to be welded and emitting light;
s13: cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be welded by absolute ethyl alcohol again;
s14: drying the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and smearing terpineol on the surface of the workpiece to be welded;
s2: the treated piece to be welded is assembled with the fixture, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, connecting the lower plate of the fixture with the lower end of the side plate;
s22: placing graphite paper, a group of treated workpieces to be welded, a pressing plate and an upper plate in a cavity formed by a lower plate and a side plate from bottom to top in sequence;
s23: placing the fixture on a press machine, applying force of 3N/mm2 to the upper plate by the press machine, penetrating the fastener into the limiting screw hole and screwing, unloading the press machine, applying pretightening force by the pretightening screw hole of the upper plate through the pretightening fastener, wherein the pretightening force is set in a mode of reducing from 1200N from the center to the outside by 200N/circle, and obtaining an assembled fixture tool;
s3: and placing the assembled fixture tool in a vacuum furnace, heating to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 580 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, cooling to below 400 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain a diffusion welding part.
The material of the fixture in the embodiment is C45 steel; the thickness of the upper plate and the lower plate of the fixture is 60mm, the length and the width of the upper plate and the lower plate are respectively increased by 120mm compared with the corresponding size of a to-be-welded part, and the processing flatness of each surface of the fixture is less than 0.1 mm. The spacing screw of upper plate, hypoplastron is arranged at 25mm distance within the fixture boundary department, and sets up spacing screw in the corner of upper plate, hypoplastron, and other spacing screws use the corner screw as the benchmark, and the hole interval is not more than 130mm to treat that weldment is central symmetry distributes. The upper plate pre-tightening screw holes are arranged at positions within 12mm of the position boundary of the to-be-welded part, pre-tightening screw holes are formed in corners of the to-be-welded part, other pre-tightening screw holes are based on the corner pre-tightening screw holes, the distance is not larger than 170mm, and the to-be-welded part is distributed in a central symmetry mode. The length and the width of the side plate are both 50mm, the side plate is high by adding 8mm to the height of a part to be welded, screw holes are formed in the center of the side plate in the direction perpendicular to the lower plate, and the number of the screw holes is consistent with the number of the limiting screw holes. The size of the pressing plate is 3mm added to the size of the piece to be welded, and the thickness of the pressing plate is 10 mm.
When the diffusion welding part obtained in the embodiment is detected, the ultrasonic detection result of the welding rate is 100%, the water pressure test result is 5.5MPa/30min, the flatness test result is less than 0.7mm, and the deformation test result is 1.0%. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method provided by the embodiment realizes high-quality low-deformation compact connection of the aluminum alloy.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding device is characterized by comprising a fixture, wherein the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy;
the fixture comprises an upper plate (1), a lower plate (2) and at least two side plates (3);
when the aluminum alloy diffusion welding device is used, the lower plate (2) is connected with the lower ends of the side plates (3) through fasteners, the upper plate (1) is connected with the upper ends of the side plates (3) through fasteners, a hole is formed between every two adjacent side plates (3), a pre-tightening screw hole is formed in the upper plate and used for providing pre-tightening force when a piece (5) to be welded is assembled with the fixture, and the upper plate (1), the lower plate (2) and the adjacent side plates (3) are enclosed to form a cavity; placing a piece (5) to be welded in the cavity for diffusion welding;
when the to-be-welded part (5) is subjected to diffusion welding, in the temperature rising process, as the linear expansion coefficient of the fixture is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy, the thickness expansion amount of the to-be-welded part (5) is larger than that of the fixture, and along with the diffusion welding, the upper plate (1) applies gradually increased pressure to the to-be-welded part (5), and the gradually increased component and the pretightening force on the upper plate (1) jointly form the pressure of the diffusion welding.
2. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding apparatus of claim 1, wherein said upper plate (1) is provided with a plurality of pre-tightening screw holes, and said plurality of pre-tightening screw holes are symmetrically distributed with said member to be welded (5) as a center.
3. An aluminium alloy diffusion welding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said fixture further comprises a pressure plate (4), said pressure plate (4) being placed between said piece to be welded (5) and said upper plate (1) when said aluminium alloy diffusion welding apparatus is in use.
4. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the number of the side plates (3) is four.
5. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fixture is made of graphite or C45 steel.
6. An aluminum alloy diffusion welding method characterized by performing diffusion welding using the aluminum alloy diffusion welding apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, the aluminum alloy diffusion welding method comprising the steps of:
s1: carrying out chemical treatment on the surface of the workpiece to be welded (5) to remove an oxide film, and obtaining the treated workpiece to be welded (5);
s2: assembling the processed to-be-welded part (5) with a fixture, specifically comprising:
s21, connecting the lower plate (2) of the fixture with the lower end of the side plate (3);
s22: placing the treated to-be-welded part (5) in a cavity formed by the lower plate (2) and the side plate (3);
s23: connecting the upper plate (1) of the fixture with the upper end of the side plate (3), and applying pretightening force to the upper plate (1) of the fixture to obtain an assembled fixture tool;
s3: and placing the assembled fixture tool in a vacuum furnace for diffusion welding.
7. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method of claim 6, wherein the magnitude of the pre-tightening force is gradually reduced from the center of the member to be welded (5) to the outside.
8. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method of claim 6, wherein, when the processed member to be welded (5) is assembled with a jig, after the processed member to be welded (5) is placed in a cavity formed by the lower plate (2) and the side plate (3), further comprising:
and placing a pressure plate (4) of the fixture between the processed to-be-welded part (5) and the upper plate (1).
9. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method as recited in claim 8, wherein said chemically treating the surface of the member to be welded (5) to remove the oxide film comprises:
s11: sequentially cleaning the surface of the to-be-welded part (5) by using acetone, a sodium hydroxide solution, absolute ethyl alcohol and a nitric acid solution;
s12: removing reaction products on the surface of the piece to be welded (5) and emitting light;
s13: washing the surface of the piece to be welded (5) by absolute ethyl alcohol again;
s14: drying the surface of the piece to be welded (5) by blowing, and smearing organic matters on the surface to be welded of the piece to be welded (5).
10. The aluminum alloy diffusion welding method as recited in claim 9, wherein the applying of the organic matter to the to-be-welded surface of the to-be-welded member (5) includes: and smearing terpineol or glycol on the surface to be welded of the part (5) to be welded.
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| CN110722260B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum alloy diffusion connection method for spraying aluminum powder additive on interface |
| CN111639416B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-06-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Simulation method for micro-hole welding of diffusion welding interface of same metal material |
| CN111558770A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-21 | 苏州大图热控科技有限公司 | Instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding method for aluminum plate |
| CN112122762A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-25 | 常德翔宇设备制造有限公司 | Diffusion welding method utilizing material linear expansion coefficient difference |
| CN112338344A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-09 | 河海大学常州校区 | High-temperature self-expansion pressure diffusion welding method for sapphire |
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| CN205218255U (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Welding special fixture of electron vacuum device cavity |
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| JP5251677B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2013-07-31 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Circuit board bonding jig and circuit board manufacturing method |
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| JP6396756B2 (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2018-09-26 | 京セラ株式会社 | Composite, method for producing the same, and method for producing composite substrate |
| CN204262551U (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-15 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Aluminum Alloy Chassis vacuum brazing deformation control clamp |
| CN204711444U (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-10-21 | 唐山学院 | A kind of horizontal vacuum heating furnace diffusion welding (DW) fixture |
| JP6851033B2 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2021-03-31 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method of manufacturing the joint and the joint |
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| CN205218255U (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Welding special fixture of electron vacuum device cavity |
| CN107876958A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-06 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | The welding method of weld jig and alloy product |
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Effective date of registration: 20220520 Address after: 523000 Room 101, building 1, No. 126, Antai North Road, Chashan Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Dongguan fayilin precision Electromechanical Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 150001 No. 92 West straight street, Nangang District, Heilongjiang, Harbin Patentee before: HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY |