CN109175389B - Rare earth composite hot material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth composite hot material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109175389B CN109175389B CN201811327390.8A CN201811327390A CN109175389B CN 109175389 B CN109175389 B CN 109175389B CN 201811327390 A CN201811327390 A CN 201811327390A CN 109175389 B CN109175389 B CN 109175389B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BZQKBFHEWDPQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-[2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1CCC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br BZQKBFHEWDPQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWBRJPYUIKWAQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-[4-[ethoxy(dimethyl)silyl]butyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCCC[Si](OCC)(C)C SWBRJPYUIKWAQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/041—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Abstract
The invention discloses a rare earth composite hot material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the rare earth composite hot material comprises Cr and is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 12 to 21 parts of Cr, 8 to 15 parts of Fe, 10 to 26 parts of Ti, 8 to 15 parts of La, 3 to 10 parts of Mo, 13 to 20 parts of Co, 0 to 3 parts of Al, 0.5 to 3 parts of Ni, 0.1 to 3 parts of Si, 0.1 to 2 parts of B and 0.1 to 5 parts of C. The material of the invention is prepared by adopting a unique rare earth composite material formula and specially manufacturing by a special processing technology. The four characteristics are obviously different from the traditional electric heating material: the electrothermal conversion rate is high, the electric heat is instantly converted after the material is electrified, and the electricity waste is very small (the average electrothermal conversion rate is more than 98.3 percent, and the electrothermal conversion rate of the traditional metal material resistance wire is 37 to 55 percent), so that the effect of saving energy by about 50 percent compared with the traditional electrothermal tube boiler is achieved; and secondly, the electric safety is good, the heating element is electrified in water under any state without potential safety hazards of electric leakage, and the use is 100% safe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to a rare earth composite hot material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the life, people always use various energy sources. Heat energy required by food, heating solar energy, geothermal energy and the like to electric energy and light energy which are not used are typical representatives of the food, the heating solar energy, the geothermal energy and the like. Different energy types have different sources, but all do not depart from various physicochemical reactions. If the light energy comes from solar radiation, the heat energy (generally speaking) comes from exothermic reaction in combustion, the electric energy is converted from other energy sources such as potential energy, wind energy and heat energy, and the nuclear energy is generated by nuclear fusion of atoms. Because the preparation methods are different, the requirements for productivity are different, and the application in the use process is necessarily limited. In winter, all walks of life can not leave heating equipment. The existing heating method mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, a traditional electric furnace is adopted for heating, and the method has the defects of high energy consumption, large occupied space of the electric furnace and uneven cooling and heating; heating by adopting a burning furnace method, the method has low thermal efficiency and pollutes the environment; and thirdly, an air conditioner is adopted for heating, but the air conditioner is higher in price and energy consumption, and in addition, the air conditioner has obvious side effect and certain damage to human health after long-term use. The existing heating material (such as a carbon crystal heating film or a carbon crystal floor) usually works under 220V voltage, the power per square meter is as high as more than 165W, the energy consumption is large, and the energy-saving, environment-friendly and use safety are not facilitated. Technical personnel research and develop various heating materials, but all have advantages and disadvantages. For example, patent CN200710075862.0 discloses a nickel-based alloy semiconductor heating material, which contains the following components by weight percent: 50-64% of nickel, 21-35% of bismuth, 10-23% of cobalt and 5-12% of titanium. Patent CN201310197484.9 discloses a PTC polymer heating material based on compounding of iron powder and copper powder, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of polycaprolactam, 50-55 parts of low-density polyethylene, 20-25 parts of iron powder, 10-15 parts of copper powder, 20-25 parts of aluminum nitride, 10-15 parts of medical stone powder, 3-5 parts of decabromodiphenylethane, 10-12 parts of silicon dioxide, 4-6 parts of zinc fluoride, 12-14 parts of argil, 4-6 parts of methyltriethoxysilane, 3-4 parts of N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl trimethyl (ethyl) oxysilane, 5-6 parts of epoxy tetrahydrodioctyl phthalate and 1-2 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate. Patent CN 201310393414.0 discloses a composite exothermic material, which is composed of silica ore powder and carbon-containing powder, wherein the silica ore powder contains 97-99% of silica; the carbon-containing powder contains 95-99% of carbon, and the weight ratio of the silicon ore powder to the carbon-containing powder is 4: 6.
disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rare earth composite hot material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a rare earth composite hot material comprises Cr and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 to 21 parts of Cr, 8 to 15 parts of Fe, 10 to 26 parts of Ti, 8 to 15 parts of La, 3 to 10 parts of Mo, 13 to 20 parts of Co, 0 to 3 parts of Al, 0.5 to 3 parts of Ni, 0.1 to 3 parts of Si, 0.1 to 2 parts of B and 0.1 to 5 parts of C.
In the scheme, the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 19 parts of Cr, 10 to 13 parts of Fe, 13 to 21 parts of Ti, 10 to 14 parts of La, 4 to 8 parts of Mo, 15 to 19 parts of Co, 0.5 to 2.5 parts of Al, 1 to 2 parts of Ni, 0.3 to 2.5 parts of Si, 0.8 to 1.5 parts of B and 1 to 3.5 parts of C.
In any of the above schemes, the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of Cr, 12 parts of Fe, 20 parts of Ti, 12 parts of La, 6 parts of Mo, 16 parts of Co, 2 parts of Al, 1.5 parts of Ni, 2 parts of Si, 1 part of B and 2 parts of C.
In any of the above schemes, the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Cr, 10 parts of Fe, 13 parts of Ti, 10 parts of La, 4 parts of Mo, 15 parts of Co, 0.5 part of Al, 1 part of Ni, 0.3 part of Si, 0.8 part of B and 1 part of C.
In any of the above schemes, the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of Cr, 13 parts of Fe, 21 parts of Ti, 14 parts of La, 8 parts of Mo, 19 parts of Co, 2.5 parts of Al, 2 parts of Ni, 2.5 parts of Si, 1.5 parts of B and 3.5 parts of C.
In any of the above schemes, the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of Cr, 8 parts of Fe, 10 parts of Ti, 8 parts of La, 3 parts of Mo, 13 parts of Co, 0.5 part of Ni, 0.1 part of Si, 0.1 part of B and 0.1 part of C.
In any of the above schemes, the paint preferably comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 21 parts of Cr, 15 parts of Fe, 26 parts of Ti, 15 parts of La, 10 parts of Mo, 20 parts of Co, 3 parts of Al, 3 parts of Ni, 3 parts of Si, 2 parts of B and 5 parts of C.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rare earth composite hot material, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): respectively preparing powder raw materials of Cr, Fe, Ti, La, Mo, Co, Al, Ni, Si, B and C;
step (2): the components were placed under vacuum of 8X 10-3Pa～10×10-3Mixing materials in a Pa vacuum mixer at a speed of 200-300 r/min for 20-30 min to obtain a mixture, and then mixing at 8 x 10-3Pa～10×10-3Pa, vacuum drying at 75-85 ℃ for 1-3 h, adding the mixture into a grinding machine, grinding at a speed of 500-1000 r/min, and sieving with a 100-250 mesh sieve to obtain a ground mixture;
and (3): putting the ground mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): blank forming: carrying out pressure forming on the die, wherein the pressure is 15-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-20 s;
and (5): and (3) high-temperature sintering: the sintering temperature is 1600-1700 ℃, the pressure is 19-26 MPa, the vacuum degree is 20-50 Pa, and the sintering time is 10-15 h;
and (6): and (5) polishing, forming and detecting.
In the above embodiment, the mold in the step (4) is preferably pressure-molded under a pressure of 20MPa and a dwell time of 18 s.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the sintering temperature in the step (5) is 1650 ℃, the pressure is 23MPa, the vacuum degree is 22Pa, and the sintering time is 25 h.
The material of the invention is prepared by adopting a unique rare earth composite material formula and specially manufacturing by a special processing technology. The four characteristics are obviously different from the traditional electric heating material: the electrothermal conversion rate is high, the electric heat is instantly converted after the material is electrified, and the electricity waste is very small (the average electrothermal conversion rate is more than 98.3 percent, and the electrothermal conversion rate of the traditional metal material resistance wire is 37 to 55 percent), so that the effect of saving energy by about 50 percent compared with the traditional electrothermal tube boiler is achieved; the electric safety is good, the heating element is completely electrified in water under any state without potential safety hazards (the national 3C detection standard requires that the leakage current of a household appliance does not exceed 30 milliamperes, and the electrified leakage current of the heating element in water under the completely damaged state is less than 5 milliamperes), and the heating element is 100% safe to use; the heating service life of the heating element is 10000-15000 hours (5000-10000 hours for the traditional electric heating tube), the service life of equipment heating can be more than ten years, and is more than 1 time longer than that of the traditional electric heating products; fourthly, the thermal efficiency attenuation is reduced, the thermal efficiency attenuation can reach more than 25% after the traditional electric heating tube heats for 1000 hours, the thermal efficiency attenuation is lower than 2% after the heating body heats for 5000 hours, and the equipment is stable and efficient to use. The heating material prepared by the formula has the advantages of good high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance, good corrosion resistance, plasticity, high strength and high toughness.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A rare earth composite hot material comprising the following group g by weight g: cr 17g, Fe 12g, Ti 20g, La 12g, Mo 6g, Co 16g, Al 2g, Ni 1.5g, Si 2g, B1 g and C2 g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rare earth composite hot material, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): preparing powder raw materials of all components;
step (2): mixing the components, adding the mixture into a grinding machine, wherein the grinding speed is 750 revolutions per minute, and sieving the mixture by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
and (3): putting the mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): forming a blank; carrying out pressure forming on the die, wherein the pressure is 25MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-18 s;
and (5): sintering at high temperature; the sintering temperature is 1650 ℃, the pressure is 23MPa, the vacuum degree is 30Pa, and the sintering time is 22 h;
and (6): and (5) polishing, forming and detecting.
Example 2
A rare earth composite hot material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15g of Cr, 10g of Fe, 13g of Ti, 10g of La, 4g of Mo, 15g of Co, 0.5g of Al, 1g of Ni, 0.3g of Si, 0.8g of B and 1g of C.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rare earth composite hot material, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): respectively preparing powder raw materials of Cr, Fe, Ti, La, Mo, Co, Al, Ni, Si, B and C;
step (2): the components were placed under vacuum of 9X 10-3Mixing materials in a vacuum mixer of Pa at a speed of 280r/min for 26min to obtain a mixture, and then mixing at a speed of 9X 10-3Vacuum drying at Pa and 80 ℃ for 2.5h, adding the mixture into a grinding machine, wherein the grinding speed is 800r/min, and sieving by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain a ground mixture;
and (3): putting the ground mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): blank forming: carrying out pressure forming on the die, wherein the pressure is 20MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 18 s;
and (5): and (3) high-temperature sintering: the sintering temperature is 1650 ℃, the pressure is 23MPa, the vacuum degree is 22Pa, and the sintering time is 25 h;
and (6): and (5) polishing, forming and detecting.
Example 3
A rare earth composite hot material comprises the following components in parts by weight: cr 19g, Fe 13g, Ti 21g, La 14g, Mo 8g, Co19g, Al 2.5g, Ni 2g, Si 2.5g, B1.5 g and C3.5 g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rare earth composite hot material, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): respectively preparing powder raw materials of Cr, Fe, Ti, La, Mo, Co, Al, Ni, Si, B and C;
step (2): the components were placed under vacuum of 9X 10-3Mixing materials in a vacuum mixer of Pa at a speed of 280r/min for 26min to obtain a mixture, and then mixing at a speed of 9X 10-3Vacuum drying at Pa and 80 ℃ for 2.5h, adding the mixture into a grinding machine, wherein the grinding speed is 800r/min, and sieving by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain a ground mixture;
and (3): putting the ground mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): blank forming: carrying out pressure forming on the die, wherein the pressure is 20MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 18 s;
and (5): and (3) high-temperature sintering: the sintering temperature is 1650 ℃, the pressure is 23MPa, the vacuum degree is 22Pa, and the sintering time is 25 h;
and (6): and (5) polishing, forming and detecting.
Example 4
A rare earth composite hot material comprises the following components in parts by weight: cr 12g, Fe 8g, Ti 10g, La 8g, Mo 3g, Co 13g, Ni 0.5g, Si 0.1g, B0.1 g and C0.1 g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rare earth composite hot material, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): respectively preparing powder raw materials of Cr, Fe, Ti, La, Mo, Co, Al, Ni, Si, B and C;
step (2): the components were placed under vacuum of 9X 10-3Mixing materials in a vacuum mixer of Pa at a speed of 280r/min for 26min to obtain a mixture, and then mixing at a speed of 9X 10-3Vacuum drying at Pa and 80 ℃ for 2.5h, adding the mixture into a grinding machine, wherein the grinding speed is 800r/min, and sieving by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain a ground mixture;
and (3): putting the ground mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): blank forming: carrying out pressure forming on the die, wherein the pressure is 20MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 18 s;
and (5): and (3) high-temperature sintering: the sintering temperature is 1650 ℃, the pressure is 23MPa, the vacuum degree is 22Pa, and the sintering time is 25 h;
and (6): and (5) polishing, forming and detecting.
Example 5
A rare earth composite hot material comprises the following components in parts by weight: cr 21g, Fe 15g, Ti 26g, La 15g, Mo 10g, Co 20g, Al 3g, Ni 3g, Si 3g, B2 g and C5 g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rare earth composite hot material, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): respectively preparing powder raw materials of Cr, Fe, Ti, La, Mo, Co, Al, Ni, Si, B and C;
step (2): the components were placed under vacuum of 9X 10-3Mixing materials in a vacuum mixer of Pa at a speed of 280r/min for 26min to obtain a mixture, and then mixing at a speed of 9X 10-3Vacuum drying at Pa and 80 ℃ for 2.5h, adding the mixture into a grinding machine, wherein the grinding speed is 800r/min, and sieving by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain a ground mixture;
and (3): putting the ground mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): blank forming: carrying out pressure forming on the die, wherein the pressure is 20MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 18 s;
and (5): and (3) high-temperature sintering: the sintering temperature is 1650 ℃, the pressure is 23MPa, the vacuum degree is 22Pa, and the sintering time is 25 h;
and (6): and (5) polishing, forming and detecting.
Experimental example 1
The properties of the heating materials prepared in the above examples 1 to 5 were compared, and the properties of the examples were different under the same test conditions, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of Properties
The method for testing the electric-heat conversion efficiency mainly comprises the steps of measuring the temperature rise of a certain water quantity under the condition of heating a certain power consumption by utilizing the specific heat capacity of water to be 4.18, and calculating the ratio of the absorbed energy of hot water to the electric heat quantity.
Application example 1
Tianjin spring rain shining plastic product company Limited, is in Tianjin Diwu area, is converted into a total building area of 18000 square meters with a height of 3 meters in a workshop, an office building and a dormitory area, is provided with a fan coil at the end, is provided with a rare earth electric heating device of 400 kilowatts, and is provided with an energy storage water tank of 350 cubic meters; the effluent temperature is 40-50 ℃, the average indoor temperature of an office area is more than 22 ℃, the indoor temperature of a dormitory area of a color steel plate house is more than 18 ℃, the temperature of a production workshop is more than 15 ℃, and the first prescription is satisfied. See table 2.
Table 2 item enforcement data comparison
Application example 2
The old forest farm in Badaling of Beijing Yanqing has building area of 4000 square meters, mountain area in Badaling, flat house with average layer height of 3 meters, no heat insulation on the outer wall, 200 KW installed electric RE heating equipment, water outlet temperature of 50-60 deg.c, indoor average temperature over 20 deg.c, satisfaction of the first party, and other units in forest farm with similar heating power consumption. See table 3.
Table 3 items implement data comparison
Application example 3
The building area of a dry hough of five trees army in Beijing Yanqing is 5600 square meters, the building is near the area of the Beida mountain in the eight mountains, a plurality of small buildings are built, the average floor height is 3 meters, the outer wall has no heat insulation, 300 kilowatts of rare earth electric heating equipment are installed, the outlet water temperature is 50-60 ℃, the indoor average temperature is more than 20 ℃, and the first party is satisfied. See table 4.
Table 4 items implement data comparison
Application example 4
A packing workshop of Hengfeng feed manufacturing limited company in Beijing City has a building area of 1200 square meters, is located in a Beijing cis-oriented suburb, is a single-storey warehouse, has an average layer height of 3.5 meters, has no heat preservation on the outer wall, is provided with 45 kilowatt rare earth electric heating equipment and 12 cubic energy storage water tanks; the water outlet temperature is 40-50 ℃, the indoor average temperature is not lower than 15 ℃ in the working period (the hands of indoor workers are not frozen when packing products), and the prescription A is satisfied. See table 5.
Table 5 items implement data comparison
Comparative example 1
A rare earth composite hot material comprises the following components in parts by weight: cr 21g, Fe 15g, Ti 26g, La 15g, Mo 10g, Co 20g, Al 3g, Ni 3g, Si 3g, B2 g and C5 g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rare earth composite hot material, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): respectively preparing powder raw materials of Cr, Fe, Ti, La, Mo, Co, Al, Ni, Si, B and C;
step (2): the components were placed under vacuum of 3X 10-3Mixing materials in a vacuum mixer of Pa at a speed of 400r/min for 40min to obtain a mixture, and then mixing at a speed of 3X 10-3Vacuum drying at Pa and 60 ℃ for 4h, adding the mixture into a grinding machine, wherein the grinding speed is 300r/min, and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain a ground mixture;
and (3): putting the ground mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): blank forming: carrying out pressure forming on the die, wherein the pressure is 12MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 s;
and (5): and (3) high-temperature sintering: the sintering temperature is 1500 ℃, the pressure is 15MPa, the vacuum degree is 18Pa, and the sintering time is 18 h;
and (6): and (5) polishing, forming and detecting.
The electrothermal conversion efficiency of the rare earth composite hot material obtained in the embodiment is 85%, the thermal efficiency is attenuated by 15% after the heating element heats for 5000 hours, and the heating life of the heating element is 8000 hours.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The rare earth composite hot material comprises Cr and is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 12 to 21 parts of Cr, 8 to 15 parts of Fe, 10 to 26 parts of Ti, 8 to 15 parts of La, 3 to 10 parts of Mo, 13 to 20 parts of Co, 0 to 3 parts of Al, 0.5 to 3 parts of Ni, 0.1 to 3 parts of Si, 0.1 to 2 parts of B and 0.1 to 5 parts of C; the rare earth composite hot material formed by the components is electrified in water, and the leakage current is lower than 5 milliamperes.
2. The rare earth composite hot material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 19 parts of Cr, 10 to 13 parts of Fe, 13 to 21 parts of Ti, 10 to 14 parts of La, 4 to 8 parts of Mo, 15 to 19 parts of Co, 0.5 to 2.5 parts of Al, 1 to 2 parts of Ni, 0.3 to 2.5 parts of Si, 0.8 to 1.5 parts of B and 1 to 3.5 parts of C.
3. The rare earth composite hot material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of Cr, 12 parts of Fe, 20 parts of Ti, 12 parts of La, 6 parts of Mo, 16 parts of Co, 2 parts of Al, 1.5 parts of Ni, 2 parts of Si, 1 part of B and 2 parts of C.
4. The rare earth composite hot material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Cr, 10 parts of Fe, 13 parts of Ti, 10 parts of La, 4 parts of Mo, 15 parts of Co, 0.5 part of Al, 1 part of Ni, 0.3 part of Si, 0.8 part of B and 1 part of C.
5. The rare earth composite hot material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of Cr, 13 parts of Fe, 21 parts of Ti, 14 parts of La, 8 parts of Mo, 19 parts of Co, 2.5 parts of Al, 2 parts of Ni, 2.5 parts of Si, 1.5 parts of B and 3.5 parts of C.
6. The rare earth composite hot material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of Cr, 8 parts of Fe, 10 parts of Ti, 8 parts of La, 3 parts of Mo, 13 parts of Co, 0.5 part of Ni, 0.1 part of Si, 0.1 part of B and 0.1 part of C.
7. The rare earth composite hot material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 21 parts of Cr, 15 parts of Fe, 26 parts of Ti, 15 parts of La, 10 parts of Mo, 20 parts of Co, 3 parts of Al, 3 parts of Ni, 3 parts of Si, 2 parts of B and 5 parts of C.
8. A method for producing a rare earth composite hot material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of: step (1): respectively preparing powder raw materials of Cr, Fe, Ti, La, Mo, Co, Al, Ni, Si, B and C;
step (2): putting the components into a vacuum mixer with the vacuum degree of 8 x 10 < -3 > Pa-10 x 10 < -3 > Pa, mixing the components for 20-30 min at the speed of 200-300 r/min to obtain a mixture, then carrying out vacuum drying on the mixture for 1-3 h at the temperature of 75-85 ℃ under the speed of 8 x 10 < -3 > Pa-10 x 10 < -3 > Pa, adding the mixture into a grinder, and sieving the mixture by a sieve of 100-250 meshes to obtain a ground mixture;
and (3): putting the ground mixture into a mold to manufacture a blank;
and (4): blank forming: carrying out pressure forming on the blank in the mold, wherein the pressure is 15-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-20 s;
and (5): and (3) high-temperature sintering: the sintering temperature is 1600-1700 ℃, the pressure is 19-26 MPa, the vacuum degree is 20-50 Pa, and the sintering time is 10-15 h;
and (6): polishing, forming and detecting;
the rare earth composite hot material prepared by the method is electrified in water, and the leakage current is lower than 5 milliamperes.
9. The method for producing a rare earth composite hot material according to claim 8, wherein the pressure forming in the step (4) is performed under a pressure of 20MPa for a dwell time of 18 s.
10. The method for producing a rare earth composite hot material according to claim 8, wherein the sintering temperature in the step (5) is 1650 ℃, the pressure is 23MPa, the vacuum degree is 22Pa, and the sintering time is 25 hours.
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| DE10331785B4 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2007-08-23 | H. C. Starck Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for producing fine metal, alloy and composite powders |
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