CN109174036B - High-molecular polymer adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-molecular polymer adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high molecular polymer adsorbent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high molecular polymer adsorbent is prepared according to the following method: adding divinyl benzene, olefin amide substances and an initiator into a pore-making agent, uniformly mixing, and stirring and reacting at 10-50 ℃ for 1-10 hours to obtain a mixed solution; transferring the obtained mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution in a crystallization box at the temperature of 90-200 ℃ for 4-48 hours to enable reactants to have a polymerization reaction, taking out the stainless steel crystallization kettle after the reaction is completed, and naturally cooling the stainless steel crystallization kettle to the room temperature; taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product to a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying to obtain a target product high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2. The invention effectively increases the adsorption sites of the material by reasonably grafting the functional groups on the macromolecular skeleton, and greatly improves the NOx adsorption capacity of the macromolecular material per unit mass.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental chemistry and material chemistry, relates to treatment of air pollutants, and particularly relates to an organic polymer material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in adsorption and purification treatment of NOx at normal temperature.
(II) background of the invention
With the acceleration of industrialization process, the automobile keeping quantity of people in the world is greatly increased, and NOx (NO + NO) generated by tail gas in the process of driving and stopping2) The medicine is taken as a harmful substance to human bodies and accompanies us. If the NOx is blocked and stays in semi-closed places such as long tunnels, parking lots and the like, a large amount of NOx which is continuously generated in automobile exhaust is difficult to be rapidly discharged into the atmosphere and is directly absorbed by human bodies to cause symptoms such as eye and mucosa irritation, headache, respiratory diseases, lung dysfunction and the like,causing great stress on human health.
At present, air purification of semi-closed places such as long tunnels, parking lots and the like is mainly carried out in a ventilation mode, but the effect is not ideal in practical application. The adsorption material is used for enriching and adsorbing low-concentration NOx, and the method is an extremely effective method. For example, in the method for modifying the activated carbon fiber proposed in chinese patent (CN106824077A), the activated carbon fiber has rich microporous structure and can make NOx gather in the pore channel, so that it has good adsorption effect on NOx, but during the application process, the activated carbon fiber absorbs NO2The adsorption is good, but the NO absorption capacity is weak, and in addition, the carbon material is greatly influenced by impurity gases, especially water vapor, so that the adsorption quantity is greatly reduced; zhang et al (Langmuir, 1993,9:2331-2334) proposed that the molecular sieve is used as a NOx adsorbing material, and the defect that NO can not be completely adsorbed exists, so that the development of a NOx adsorbing material which is more efficient at normal temperature, convenient to apply and simple in preparation process is urgently needed.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a high molecular polymer, a preparation method thereof and application of the high molecular polymer in normal temperature NOx adsorption.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts a solvothermal method, uses divinylbenzene as a main monomer to construct a framework and provide a three-dimensional nano network pore channel, and introduces an amide substance with a double-bond olefin structure into the network pore channel in the polymerization process to prepare the high-efficiency NOx adsorbing material and provide the application of the high-efficiency NOx adsorbing material in adsorbing NOx at normal temperature.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high molecular polymer adsorbent is prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding divinyl benzene (DVB), olefin amide substances and an initiator into a pore-making agent, uniformly mixing, and stirring and reacting at 10-50 ℃ for 1-10 hours to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the divinyl benzene to the pore-forming agent to the olefin amide substances is 1-10: 1-40: 1; the mass ratio of the initiator to the DVB is 0.1-50: 1000, parts by weight; the initiator is a good solvent of divinylbenzene;
(2) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution in a crystallization box at the temperature of 90-200 ℃ for 4-48 hours to enable reactants to have a polymerization reaction, taking the stainless steel crystallization kettle out of the crystallization box after the reaction is completed, and naturally cooling the stainless steel crystallization kettle to room temperature;
(3) taking out the solid product crystallized in the step (2) from the stainless steel crystallization kettle, transferring the solid product into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying to obtain a target product high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2。
Further, in the step (1), the pore-forming agent is one or a mixture of any more of methanol, ethanol, glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, glycerol, phenol, o-hydroxybenzaldehyde, chloroform, acetylsalicylic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, toluene, heptane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, xylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, DMF, benzoic acid, benzamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, cyclopentanone, pyridine, urea, alanine, diethanolamine, or ethyl acetate.
Still further, in the step (1), the pore-forming agent is preferably benzene, DMF, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, or ethyl acetate.
Further, in the step (1), in the stirring reaction, the stirring speed is 200-600 rpm.
Further, in the step (1), the olefin amide substance is one or a mixture of any several of methacrylamide, acrylamide, tertiary acrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, N-butoxy methacrylamide, N- (isobutoxy) methacrylamide, 2, 6-diacrylamide pyridine, N-methylene bisacrylamide, N-1, 4-phenyl bisacrylamide, 3, 5-acrylamide benzoic acid or dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide.
Further, in the step (1), the initiator is one or a mixture of any more of benzoin butyl ether, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl ketone, benzophenone, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile or diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate.
Still further, in the step (1), the initiator is preferably 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile.
Further, in the step (3), the drying condition is that the pore-forming agent is dried in vacuum for 2-48 hours at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ under the vacuum degree of-1 × 100-0.2 × 100kpa until the pore-forming agent is completely volatilized.
The invention also provides application of the high molecular polymer adsorbent in adsorbing NOx.
Further, in the present invention, NOx is exemplified as a NOx in a volume ratio of 1: 1 NO with NO2, but NO with NO2The ratio is not limited to 1: 1.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the high molecular polymer adsorbent prepared by the invention has simple preparation process and easy operation;
(2) the high molecular polymer adsorbent prepared by the invention has firm adsorption on NOx at normal temperature, fast reaction and small influence of impurity gas;
(3) the invention effectively increases the adsorption sites of the material by reasonably grafting the functional groups on the macromolecular skeleton, and greatly improves the NOx adsorption capacity of the macromolecular material per unit mass.
Therefore, the organic polymer material prepared by the invention has good NOx adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity, has excellent enrichment adsorption effect on NOx molecules at normal temperature, and can be applied to vehicle-mounted purifier devices, semi-closed places where NOx is easy to accumulate, such as underground parking lots, and the like, and main materials of gas masks are applied to NOx leakage places in industry.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a NOx adsorption profile of the high molecular polymer adsorbent prepared in example 2.
FIG. 2 is an infrared characterization of the high molecular weight polymeric adsorbent prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a BET adsorption/desorption curve and a pore size distribution chart of the high molecular polymer adsorbent prepared in example 2.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
50.0g of n-hexane was placed in a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 2.0g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 20 ℃ at 300rpm for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero and under the pressure of-1 multiplied by 100kpa to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-1。
Example 2
50.0g of tetrahydrofuran was put in a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 2.0g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero and under the pressure of-1 multiplied by 100kpa to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-2。
Example 3
50.0g of acetone was put in a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 2.0g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. Then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after reaction,naturally cooling to room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero and under the pressure of-1 multiplied by 100kpa to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-3。
Example 4
50.0g of ethyl acetate was put into a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 2.0g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero and under the pressure of-1 multiplied by 100kpa to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-4。
Example 5
50.0g of acetone was put into a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, no acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero and under the pressure of-1 multiplied by 100kpa to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-5。
Example 6
50.0g of acetone was put in a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 1.0g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid productTransferring into a beaker, placing into a vacuum drying oven, vacuum drying at 70 deg.C under-1 × 100kpa for 24h to obtain sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-6。
Example 7
50.0g of acetone was put in a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 2.5g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero and under the pressure of-1 multiplied by 100kpa to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-7。
Example 8
50.0g of acetone was put in a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 3.3g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero and under the pressure of-1 multiplied by 100kpa to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-8。
Example 9
50.0g of acetone was put in a beaker, 12.5g (80%) of divinylbenzene, 5.0g of acrylamide and 0.1g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixed solution was stirred at 300rpm at 20 ℃ for 4 hours to sufficiently mix the solution. And then transferring the stirred mixed solution into a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing the mixed solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to polymerize the reactants, taking out the stainless steel reaction kettle after the reaction, and naturally cooling the stainless steel reaction kettle to the room temperature. Taking out the crystallized solid product, transferring the crystallized solid product into a beaker, putting the beaker into a vacuum drying oven, and drying the beaker in vacuum at 70 ℃ and under the vacuum of-1 multiplied by 100kpaDrying for 24h to obtain a sample high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2-9. The polymer materials prepared in examples 1 to 9 were subjected to NOx adsorption test under conditions of NO:250ppm + NO2An adsorption curve taking example 2 as an example is shown in figure 1 under the condition of 250ppm dry gas; examples 1-9 characterization of surface texture properties BET data are shown in the accompanying table 1; the adsorption capacity data obtained for examples 1-9 are shown in Table 2;
TABLE 1 accompanying Table 1 characterization of surface texture Properties for examples 1-9
TABLE 2 attached table, tables of capacities of examples 1 to 9 for adsorbing NOx
| Examples | NO/mg·g-1 | NO2/mg·g-1 |
| Example 1 | 6.6 | 12.0 |
| Example 2 | 32.6 | 51.0 |
| Example 3 | 29.3 | 52.2 |
| Example 4 | 37.9 | 56.7 |
| Example 5 | 31.0 | 46.7 |
| Example 6 | 28.3 | 47.5 |
| Example 7 | 25.0 | 55.7 |
| Example 8 | 23.2 | 58.7 |
| Example 9 | 23.5 | 63.2 |
Claims (5)
1. High molecular polymer adsorbent for adsorbing NO and NO2The application of the mixed gas is characterized in that: the high molecular polymer adsorbent is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding divinyl benzene, olefin amide substances and an initiator into a pore-making agent, uniformly mixing, and stirring and reacting at 10-50 ℃ for 1-10 hours to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the divinyl benzene to the pore-forming agent to the olefin amide substances is 1-10: 1-40: 1; the mass ratio of the initiator to the divinylbenzene is 0.1-50: 1000, parts by weight; the pore-making agent is ethyl acetate;
(2) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to a stainless steel crystallization kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, crystallizing for 4-48 hours in a crystallization box at 90-200 ℃, taking out the stainless steel crystallization kettle from the crystallization box after the reaction is completed, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(3) taking out the solid product crystallized in the step (2) from the stainless steel crystallization kettle, transferring the solid product into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying to obtain a target product high molecular polymer PDVB-CONH2。
2. The use of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), in the stirring reaction, the stirring speed is 200-600 rpm.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the olefin amide substance is acrylamide.
4. The use of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the initiator is 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile.
5. The use of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the drying condition is that the pore-forming agent is dried in vacuum for 2-48 hours at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ under the vacuum degree of-1 × 100 to-0.2 × 100kpa until the pore-forming agent is completely volatilized.
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