CN101143911A - Mesoporous polydivinylbenzene material with hypersorption characteristic and synthesis method thereof - Google Patents
Mesoporous polydivinylbenzene material with hypersorption characteristic and synthesis method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101143911A CN101143911A CNA2007100560215A CN200710056021A CN101143911A CN 101143911 A CN101143911 A CN 101143911A CN A2007100560215 A CNA2007100560215 A CN A2007100560215A CN 200710056021 A CN200710056021 A CN 200710056021A CN 101143911 A CN101143911 A CN 101143911A
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Abstract
The invention belonging to the technical field of material chemistry relates to a polydivinylbenzene material with a super strong absorption characteristic and a synthesis method, in particular to a mesoporous polymer in which polymeric chains loose enlace polydivinylbenzene as a framework, the specific surface area is 200 to 700 m <SUP>2</SUP>/g, the water absorption capability is nearly 2.0 g/g, and the liquid absorption capability reaches 17 g/g. Divinylbenzene monomers are dispersed into organic solution, which is then added with azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, after stirring, the solution is poured into a reaction kettle, and the mesoporous polymer material is synthesized by a solvent thermal process. The method of the invention avoids the traditional step of removing template agent in the synthesis of mesoporous materials, and the size of mesopore can be regulated by selecting different solution. The synthesis process is simple, requirement is low, and cost is low. The mesoporous polymer of the invention can be widely applied to absorbing organic pollutants, treating pollution caused by the leakage of organic matters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to physical chemistry, the technical field of materials chemistry specially refers to a kind of preparation method of porous polymer material.
Background technology
Mesoporous polymkeric substance all has the potential application prospect as a kind of functional high molecule material at a lot of high-technology fields, such as biology, and sensing, catalysis, field porous polymers such as absorption have all demonstrated particular performances.According to the naming rule of inorganic mesoporous material, the mesoporous polymer material refers to the polymer materials of aperture at 2～50nm.Yet lack a lot than the report of mesoporous inorganic material for the report of mesoporous polymer.This is because the synthetic method of inorganic mesoporous material is not suitable for the polymerizing condition of most polymkeric substance.
The synthetic hard template that comprises of mesoporous usually polymkeric substance is synthesized, and phase detachment technique is synthetic, foaming process and tensio-active agent self-assembly method or the like, and some successful synthetic examples are also arranged by these methods.Such as be that hard template has successfully been synthesized mesoporous polymer materials (Johnson SA. by the SiO2 bead of inorganic 35nm, Ollivier PJ., Mallouk TE.Science.1999,283,963-965.), by mesoporous silica-based molecular sieve MCM-48 is that template duplicating has gone out mesoporous polydivinylbenezene (Kim JY., Yoon SB., Koolib F., andYu JS.J Mater.Chem.2001,11,2912-2914); By phase detachment technique a lot of successful examples are arranged also; Utilize the method for inorganic mesoporous material tensio-active agent self-assembly commonly used also successfully to synthesize order mesoporous resol (Meng Y., Gu D., Zhang F., Shi Y., Yang H., Li Z., Yu C., Tu B andZhao D.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2005,44,7053-7059)
Yet above-mentioned synthetic method requires relatively strictness because it compares very complicated for synthesis condition, and synthetic cost is higher, and the synthetic sample has certain shortcomings such as limitation makes the application of mesoporous polymer be subjected to certain restriction to a great extent.The polymkeric substance that the porous polydivinylbenezene of reporting that synthesizes all belongs to high commissure does not demonstrate good swelling property.
Solvent-thermal method is synthetic to be the synthetic method commonly used of inorganic materials, solvent thermal reaction normally carries out under High Temperature High Pressure, at this moment solvent is in critical or supercritical state, reactive behavior improves physical properties and the chemical reaction performance of material in solvent all very big change, so the solvent thermal chemical reaction differs from normality mostly.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, disclose a class new have swelling property polydivinylbenezene and a new synthetic method thereof, by utilizing solvent thermal method to replace common heat-processed, be that template synthesizes and has high-specific surface area, the mesoporous polydivinylbenezene of different pore structures by choosing different organic solvents again.These mesoporous polydivinylbenezene are different from common mesoporous polymer, are the porous polymkeric substance of the swellable of the loose winding of polymeric chain, have demonstrated super-hydrophobicity, super lipophilicity and superpower adsorptive power.
Mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material of the present invention is that the varying aperture scope is at 1～50nm with the mesoporous polymer of polydivinylbenezene as the loose winding of polymeric chain of skeleton, and the specific surface area variation range is 220～700m
2/ g.
The adsorptive power that mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material of the present invention has surpasses activated carbon, is 0.3～2.0g/g to gas, is 1～17g/g to liquid; The adsorptive power of preferred mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material is 1.2～2.0g/g to gas, is 8.5～17g/g to liquid.
The synthetic method of mesoporous polydivinylbenezene of the present invention is, the divinyl benzene monomer is distributed in the organic solvent, and the adding Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate is an initiator, the reactor of packing into after the stirring; The solvent thermal polymerization is 12～48 hours under 80～180 ℃ condition; Vapor away organic solvent and obtain mesoporous polydivinylbenezene.Wherein, by mass ratio be: divinyl benzene monomer: Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate: organic solvent=1: 0.005～0.05: 4～15; Described organic solvent is organic solvents commonly used such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water, ethyl acetate, nitrogen dimethylformamide, acetone or benzene.
Described solvent thermal polymerization can be that divinyl benzene monomer, organic solvent and initiator are packed in the reactor, places the baking oven High Temperature High Pressure to carry out polymerization.
Above-mentioned organic solvent here is not only as disperseing the monomeric solvent of Vinylstyrene but also served as to form mesoporous template.Can be that template is adjusted mesoporous size 1～50 nanometer by choosing different solvents.Reasonable organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water; Preferred organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water, and wherein the consumption volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water is 20: 0～2.
The mesoporous polymer material that method of the present invention makes has demonstrated super-hydrophobicity, super lipophilicity and superpower adsorptive power.Method of the present invention has been avoided the step of the removed template method of common synthesize meso-porous material, and can be that template is adjusted mesoporous size by choosing different solvents; Building-up process is simple and easy to do, and is looser for synthesis condition, and synthetic cost is very low, makes the synthetic sample have practicable effect, is being adsorbed with organic pollutants, administering organism and reveal the aspects such as pollution that cause and be with a wide range of applications.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is PDVB-THF-0 nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm and the BJH pore distribution that the present invention makes.
Fig. 2 is sample P DVB-THF-0 transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo.
Fig. 3 is sample P DVB-THF-x nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm and BJH pore distribution.
Fig. 4 is sample P DVB-THF-2 transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo.
Fig. 5 is the pattern photo of sample P DVB-THF-2 and the contact angle photo of water droplet oil droplet
Fig. 6 is the thermogravimetric curve of sample P DVB-THF-2.
Fig. 7 is the adsorptive capacity of sample P DVB-THF-2, PDVB-THF-0 and charcoal absorption benzene vapour.
Fig. 8 is the adsorptive capacity of organic reagent of absorption liquid state of sample P DVB-THF-2 and the contrast of activated carbon.
Fig. 9 is sample P DVB-acetone nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm and DFT, BJH pore distribution.
Figure 10 is nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm and the BJH pore distribution of sample P DVB-ester acetate.
Embodiment
Following illustrative example illustrates that the present invention has the preparation method of the mesoporous polymer of superpower adsorptive power.
Among the embodiment, the name of prepared sample divides two portions, and wherein PDVB represents mesoporous polydivinylbenezene, and "-" is the solvent that uses in the building-up process afterwards.
Embodiment 1: the mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-THF-0 of synthetic in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) system.
2g Vinylstyrene (DVB) monomer and 0.05g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN) are dissolved in the 20mL tetrahydrofuran (THF), stir after 4 hours, above-mentioned solution is transferred in the reactor, in 100 ℃ of baking ovens, placed 48 hours.The reactor taking-up is vapored away tetrahydrofuran (THF) obtain mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-THF-0.
The nitrogen adsorption experimental result is seen Fig. 1.The IV type adsorption isothermal line that sample P DVB-THF-0 provides has indicated that there is meso-hole structure in sample, and have relative narrower pore distribution (～3.9nm).Fig. 2 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of sample P DVB-THF-0, and the result has further confirmed the result of nitrogen adsorption, and we can clearly be seen that abundant mesoporous existence from Fig. 2.The BET specific surface area of sample P DVB-THF-0 is 557m
2/ g.
Fig. 7 has provided the adsorptive capacity of sample P DVB-THF-0 to benzene vapour, and adsorbing 1 hour adsorptive capacity is 880mg/g, and adsorption time to 5 a hour adsorptive capacity reaches 1400mg/g, is 5.6 times of activated carbon adsorption amount approximately.
The time that changes the polymeric temperature and put into baking oven, can be at 80～180 degree, obtained same similarly result in 12～48 hours.Polymerization time too short (such as less than 12 hours) or temperature low excessively (such as being lower than 80 degree) cause the lower specific surface area even the structure of atresia.
Embodiment 2: synthesising mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-THF-x in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the water compound system.
2g Vinylstyrene (DVB) monomer and 0.05g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN) are dissolved in the 20mL tetrahydrofuran (THF), add xmL water then, x=1.0 wherein, 1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8,2.0, stir after 4 hours, above-mentioned solution is transferred in the reactor, under 100 ℃ of conditions, placed 48 hours.The reactor taking-up is vapored away tetrahydrofuran (THF) obtain mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-THF-x.
The amount of water has more than at 1～2mL in the present embodiment, and its regulation range can be chosen 1～2mL just in order to discuss conveniently by 0～10mL.When less than 1mL, the regulating effect in aperture is not obvious.When greater than 2mL, can realize the further increase in aperture.The sample of PDVB-THF-10 has higher specific surface area 650m equally
2/ g.But pore distribution is more wide in range.Wherein comprise the part macropore (～50nm).
Nitrogen adsorption isotherm among Fig. 3 shows, sample P DVB-THF-x (x=1～2) has provided IV type adsorption isothermal line, indicated that all there is meso-hole structure in it, as can be seen when the amount of the water that adds increases, the aperture also increases gradually by the position of thermoisopleth hysteresis loop.The result of pore distribution has further confirmed this point, and by introducing a certain amount of water as the common mode plate, the size in the mesoporous aperture of sample can be regulated by the amount of water, and the scope of adjusting is roughly x=1～2 o'clock, and the aperture is at 4～22nm.The BET specific surface area of sample P DVB-THF-2 is 702m
2/ g.The result of transmission electron microscope (TEM) has further confirmed the (see figure 4) as a result of nitrogen adsorption, from Fig. 4, can clearly see sample P DVB-THF-2 have bigger mesoporous the existence (～20nm).
Can clearly be seen that by a among Fig. 5 sample P DVB-THF-2 is the pattern of bulk, and controllable shapes.B is the contact angle of water droplet at sample P DVB-THF-2 among Fig. 5, and angle is 156 degree, and the expression sample has super-hydrophobicity.C is that salad oil drops in the contact angle on the PDVB-THF-2 among Fig. 5, and angle is zero, the super lipophilicity of expression sample.Fig. 6 is the thermogravimetric curve of sample P DVB-THF-2, and the decomposition temperature of sample is at 230～500 degree.Fig. 7 has provided sample to the time dependent adsorptive capacity of gaseous organic substance (benzene vapour), and Fig. 8 has provided the adsorptive capacity of sample to various liquid state organics.Sample P DVB-THF-2 has all shown the adsorptive capacity of superelevation in the absorption of gaseous state and liquid state organics, is superior to traditional adsorbent activity carbon far away, is 7.6～19 times of activated carbon adsorption amount.Test shows, benzene 1.95 grams that every gram sample P DVB-THF-2 can be adsorptive gaseous, acetone 1.97 grams, normal heptane 1.90 grams.And absorption after sample can desorption falls adsorbed material by simple underpressure distillation, BET specific surface area and aspects such as aperture, pore volume do not have considerable change behind the sample desorption, and then realize the recycling of mesoporous polydivinylbenezene of the present invention.
Embodiment 3: synthesising mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-acetone in the acetone system.
Replace tetrahydrofuran (THF) among the embodiment 1 with 20mL acetone, all the other steps are the same with embodiment 1.Referring to Fig. 9, nitrogen adsorption isotherm shows that sample has the characteristics of micropore and composite mesoporous pore structure, has not only had～3.9nm mesoporous but also have the micropore of aperture～1.1nm from result's sample of BJH pore distribution and DFT pore distribution.The BET specific surface area can reach 416m
2/ g, wherein micropore 173m
2/ g, mesoporous 242m
2/ g.
Embodiment 4: synthesising mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-ester acetate in the ethyl acetate system.
Replace tetrahydrofuran (THF) among the embodiment 1 with the 20mL ethyl acetate, all the other steps are the same with embodiment 1.Nitrogen adsorption isotherm by Figure 10 shows, sample has bigger mesoporous, aperture～30nm, and the BET specific surface area can reach 653m
2/ g.
Embodiment 5: synthesising mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-benzene in the benzene system.
2g Vinylstyrene (DVB) monomer and 0.1g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN) are dissolved in the 20mL benzene, stir after 4 hours, above-mentioned solution is transferred in the reactor, in 100 ℃ of baking ovens, placed 48 hours.The reactor taking-up is vapored away solvent benzol obtain mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-benzene.
Nitrogen adsorption isotherm shows that it is mesoporous like the template class that sample P DVB-benzene has tetrahydrofuran (THF) with embodiment 1, aperture～3.9nm, and the BET specific surface area can reach 483m
2/ g.
Embodiment 6: synthesising mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-DMF in the nitrogen dimethylformamide system.
Replace tetrahydrofuran (THF) among the embodiment 1 with the 20mL nitrogen dimethylformamide, all the other steps are the same with embodiment 1.Nitrogen adsorption isotherm show sample have with ethyl acetate system be mesoporous like the template class, aperture～30nm, the BET specific surface area can reach 568m
2/ g.
Embodiment 7: synthesising mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-THF-a in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) system.
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) with 20mL is a template, and 2g Vinylstyrene (DVB) monomer and 0.01g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN) are dissolved in wherein, stirs after 4 hours, and above-mentioned solution is transferred in the reactor, places 12 hours under 80 ℃ of conditions.The reactor taking-up is vapored away tetrahydrofuran (THF) obtain mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-THF-a.The hole size of this sample is similar to embodiment 1, and the BET specific surface area can reach 221m
2/ g.Time lengthening to 24 hour just can reach 520m
2/ g.
Embodiment 8: synthesising mesoporous polydivinylbenezene PDVB-THF-b in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) system.
The mass ratio of tetrahydrofuran (THF)/Vinylstyrene is to synthesize the sample P DVB-THF-b similar with embodiment 1 at 4～15 o'clock.
Claims (6)
1. mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material with superpower characterization of adsorption, the varying aperture scope is characterized in that at 1～50nm, is that specific surface area is 220～700m with the mesoporous polymer of polydivinylbenezene as the loose winding of polymeric chain of skeleton
2/ g.
2. according to the described mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material of claim 1, it is characterized in that with superpower characterization of adsorption, described mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material, adsorptive power is 1.2～2.0g/g to gas, is 8.5～17g/g to liquid.
3. the synthetic method of the mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material with superpower characterization of adsorption of a claim 1 is distributed to the divinyl benzene monomer in the organic solvent, and the adding Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate is an initiator, the reactor of packing into after the stirring; The solvent thermal polymerization is 12～48 hours under 80～180 ℃ condition; Vapor away organic solvent and obtain mesoporous polydivinylbenezene; Wherein, by mass ratio be: divinyl benzene monomer: Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate: organic solvent=1: 0.005～0.05: 4～15; Described organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water, ethyl acetate, nitrogen dimethylformamide, acetone or benzene.
4. according to the described synthetic method of claim 3 with mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material of superpower characterization of adsorption, it is characterized in that, described solvent thermal polymerization is that divinyl benzene monomer, organic solvent and initiator are packed in the reactor, places baking oven to carry out polymerization.
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described synthetic methods, it is characterized in that described organic solvent is a tetrahydrofuran (THF), or tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water with mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material of superpower characterization of adsorption.
6. according to the described synthetic method with mesoporous polydivinylbenezene material of superpower characterization of adsorption of claim 5, it is characterized in that described organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water, wherein the consumption volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water is 20: 0～2.
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