CN109169501A - 一种适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法:包括以下步骤:S1):农村散养生猪猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体消涨规律及免疫程序的建立,对农村散养生猪采用“CSF、FMD、HPPRRS三种疫苗同步两点同免技术”,符合农村交通地理条件及农村生猪养殖现状,改变当前生猪防疫现状,加快农村散养生猪免疫模式转变,提供一套适于基层CSF、FMD和HPPRRS防控新模式,从而降低基层防疫人员劳动强度,提高工作效率,提高免疫质量,通过实施程序化免疫,村级防疫员有很大的时间支配权,使动物防疫工作能与农业生产有机结合起来,提高基层动物防疫工作的可操作性,从而全面提高防疫效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉生猪散养技术领域,具体为一种适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法。
背景技术
传统的农村散养生猪是当前农村养猪业的重要组成部分,为当地市供应了不少猪肉,农村散养生猪也是农户经济的主要来源之一,但农村生猪养殖规模极小,又是以散养为主,管理极为粗放,加上农户低估了动物疫病所带来的经济损失,大多数农户对动物疫病的防范意识淡薄、重视不够,对农村散养户来说,因养猪只是副业,不像专业养殖场(户)投入大量资金用于改善圈舍环境,相对规模化养殖场而言,在防疫设施、养殖技术方面严重落后,其疫情风险也随之增大,疫病防控及防控效果更需要受到重视,尽管规模化养殖场采取了有效措施控制动物疫病,但由于邻近小规模养殖场或散养动物的存在,使规模化养殖场不断发生再次感染的潜在威胁,长期以来,各地对生猪主要动物疫病防控措施,一直实施每年春、秋两季集中免疫,每月定期补免的“春秋两防”的防疫模式。
传统的“春秋两防”防疫模式已不适应当前猪病免疫要求,免疫效果不理想,(1)传统的“春秋两防”模式防疫程序繁杂,时间紧,任务重,大部份农村养殖区较为偏远,地形崎岖,交通不便,生猪养殖户较分散,每个防疫员要负责2~3个自然村寨200户以上的防疫工作,防疫员走村串户开展防疫工作还是以步行为主,按照传统防疫模式,每头猪要分不同时间间隔免疫3个病种,防疫员需在40d之内完成猪高致病性蓝耳病、猪瘟、口蹄疫的免疫工作,很难达到国家要求,(2)防疫工作集中安排时间与季节性农业生产相冲突,“春秋两防”开展的时间和春耕秋收的时间相冲突,防疫员都属于兼职的农民,他们的主要经济来源依然以务农为主,对他们来说防疫工作显得稍微次要,导致防疫工作处于被动的局面,养殖农户和防疫员都是在上级要求下被动地接受服务和开展防疫工作,(3)因传统的“春秋两防”因春防结束时间与秋防开始时间间隔长达150d,在这段时间内,正好是农闲季节,生猪交易频繁,猪群流动性很大,农村散养生猪因补栏漏免现象较为普遍,存在防疫空白,(4)因农户以散养为主,管理极为粗放,从而使得猪圈的卫生条件极差,使得猪在生长过程中极易受到细菌的侵害,从而使得猪的生病率极高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷,提供一种适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法,极大的降低猪的发病率,保证了猪的健康生长,减少了养殖者的损失,可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出:
一种适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法:包括以下步骤:
S1):农村散养生猪猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体消涨规律及免疫程序的建立,对农村散养生猪采用“CSF、FMD、HPPRRS三种疫苗同步两点同免技术”即“CSF脾淋活疫苗和HPPRRS活苗用同一种稀释液进行稀释混合均匀注射颈部右侧,口蹄疫灭活苗注射左侧”的免疫方法和程序,分别对28日龄断奶仔猪和45日龄仔猪进行免疫注射试验,分别在免疫后15d、30d、45d、60d、75d、90d、105d、120d对试验猪进行CSF、FMD、HPPRRS免疫抗体测定,主要检测试验猪在一个生长周期(180d)内CSF、FMD、HPPRRS三种疫苗的免疫抗体效价,掌握猪在整个饲养过程中抗体水平的消涨规律,确定仔猪首免和二次免时间,从而对农村散养生猪CSF、FMD、HPPRRS的防控提供科学的免疫程序;
S2):建立养殖档案,防疫员根据责任区域,建立责任区内养殖农户养殖档案,档案内容重点需记载农户姓名、家庭住址、联系电话、养殖规模、养殖方式(自繁自养或还全进全出)、猪只的基本信息(性别、日龄、种猪还是商品猪、上次免疫时间、健康状况、补栏时间、来源地);
S3):建立程序化免疫模式,针对农村散养生猪CSF、FMD和HPPRRS免疫,将传统的“春秋两防”集中免疫更改为“常年程序化免疫”模式,防疫员根据养殖档案,结合农村农业生产实际,对农村散养生猪开展常年适时程序化免疫注射猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病猪蓝耳病疫苗;
S4):建立相应的猪圈卫生标准,同时给养殖者讲解相应的猪圈管理注意事项,同时推荐相应的杀菌产品,并对产品的使用进行讲解,做好相应的宣传工作,从而能够让养殖者充分的了解预防的重要性,
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:符合农村交通地理条件及农村生猪养殖现状,改变当前生猪防疫现状,加快农村散养生猪免疫模式转变,提供一套适于基层CSF、FMD和HPPRRS防控新模式,从而降低基层防疫人员劳动强度,提高工作效率,提高免疫质量,通过实施程序化免疫,村级防疫员有很大的时间支配权,使动物防疫工作能与农业生产有机结合起来,提高基层动物防疫工作的可操作性,从而全面提高防疫效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法的操作流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1,本发明提供以下技术方案:
实施例:一种适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法:包括以下步骤:
S1):农村散养生猪猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体消涨规律及免疫程序的建立,对农村散养生猪采用“CSF、FMD、HPPRRS三种疫苗同步两点同免技术”即“CSF脾淋活疫苗和HPPRRS活苗用同一种稀释液进行稀释混合均匀注射颈部右侧,口蹄疫灭活苗注射左侧”的免疫方法和程序,分别对28日龄断奶仔猪和45日龄仔猪进行免疫注射试验,分别在免疫后15d、30d、45d、60d、75d、90d、105d、120d对试验猪进行CSF、FMD、HPPRRS免疫抗体测定,主要检测试验猪在一个生长周期(180d)内CSF、FMD、HPPRRS三种疫苗的免疫抗体效价,掌握猪在整个饲养过程中抗体水平的消涨规律,确定仔猪首免和二次免时间,从而对农村散养生猪CSF、FMD、HPPRRS的防控提供科学的免疫程序;
S2):建立养殖档案,防疫员根据责任区域,建立责任区内养殖农户养殖档案,档案内容重点需记载农户姓名、家庭住址、联系电话、养殖规模、养殖方式(自繁自养或还全进全出)、猪只的基本信息(性别、日龄、种猪还是商品猪、上次免疫时间、健康状况、补栏时间、来源地);
S3):建立程序化免疫模式,针对农村散养生猪CSF、FMD和HPPRRS免疫,将传统的“春秋两防”集中免疫更改为“常年程序化免疫”模式,防疫员根据养殖档案,结合农村农业生产实际,对农村散养生猪开展常年适时程序化免疫注射猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病猪蓝耳病疫苗;
S4):建立相应的猪圈卫生标准,同时给养殖者讲解相应的猪圈管理注意事项,同时推荐相应的杀菌产品,并对产品的使用进行讲解,做好相应的宣传工作,从而能够让养殖者充分的了解预防的重要性。
本发明好处:猪CSF、FMD和HPPRRS三种重大疫病常年程序化免疫模式,在2015花溪区将其列入花溪区重大动物疫病防控工作意见,并在全区范围内推广应用,2015年度花溪区重大动物疫病防控工作中,共免疫生猪14.57万头,针对农村散养生猪,其猪瘟、口蹄疫和猪高致性蓝耳病的免疫密度均达100%,通过贵阳市动物疫病预防控制中心对花溪区农村散养户存栏生猪随机采样并进行抗体水例行检测,检测报告结果显示:花溪区采集生猪血清225份,CSF抗体合格率达87.5%,FMD抗体合格率达89.47%,HPPRRS抗体合格率达91.32%,与贵阳市息烽县、开阳县、清镇市、修文县的同期平均水平相比,花溪区的CSF、FMD和HPPRRS抗体水平分别提高7.5、6.7和11.4个百分点,在些对比的基础上,贵阳市将“农村散养生猪程序化免疫模式”在花溪区、息烽县、开阳县、清镇市、修文县推广应用,2016年上半年共免疫生猪512115头,其中花溪区共免疫74830头,免疫密度达98%以上,CSF抗体合格率达89.52%,FMD抗体合格率达88.94%,HPPRRS抗体合格率达93.17%,息烽县共免疫84760头,免疫密度达96%以上,CSF抗体合格率达86.57%,FMD抗体合格率达88.63%,HPPRRS抗体合格率达90.58%,在开阳县共免疫187850头,免疫密度达94%以上,CSF抗体合格率达85.59%,FMD抗体合格率达88.65%,HPPRRS抗体合格率达88.84%,在清镇市共免疫79840头,免疫密度达95%以上,CSF抗体合格率达86.58%,FMD抗体合格率达89.65%,HPPRRS抗体合格率达92.46%,修文县免疫84835头,免疫密度达95%以上,CSF抗体合格率达88.53%,FMD抗体合格率达86.73%,HPPRRS抗体合格率达89.82%。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (1)
1.一种适宜于农村散养生猪的防疫方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1):农村散养生猪猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体消涨规律及免疫程序的建立,对农村散养生猪采用“CSF、FMD、HPPRRS三种疫苗同步两点同免技术”即“CSF脾淋活疫苗和HPPRRS活苗用同一种稀释液进行稀释混合均匀注射颈部右侧,口蹄疫灭活苗注射左侧”的免疫方法和程序,分别对28日龄断奶仔猪和45日龄仔猪进行免疫注射试验,分别在免疫后15d、30d、45d、60d、75d、90d、105d、120d对试验猪进行CSF、FMD、HPPRRS免疫抗体测定,主要检测试验猪在一个生长周期(180d)内CSF、FMD、HPPRRS三种疫苗的免疫抗体效价,掌握猪在整个饲养过程中抗体水平的消涨规律,确定仔猪首免和二次免时间,从而对农村散养生猪CSF、FMD、HPPRRS的防控提供科学的免疫程序;
S2):建立养殖档案,防疫员根据责任区域,建立责任区内养殖农户养殖档案,档案内容重点需记载农户姓名、家庭住址、联系电话、养殖规模、养殖方式(自繁自养或还全进全出)、猪只的基本信息(性别、日龄、种猪还是商品猪、上次免疫时间、健康状况、补栏时间、来源地);
S3):建立程序化免疫模式,针对农村散养生猪CSF、FMD和HPPRRS免疫,将传统的“春秋两防”集中免疫更改为“常年程序化免疫”模式,防疫员根据养殖档案,结合农村农业生产实际,对农村散养生猪开展常年适时程序化免疫注射猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病猪蓝耳病疫苗;
S4):建立相应的猪圈卫生标准,同时给养殖者讲解相应的猪圈管理注意事项,同时推荐相应的杀菌产品,并对产品的使用进行讲解,做好相应的宣传工作,从而能够让养殖者充分的了解预防的重要性。
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